Sex Differences in Cholinergic Neurons in the Context of Alzheimer's Disease
Why are most Alzheimer's disease patients women? The longer female life expectancy is not enough to explain all of this difference, so researchers investigate the underlying biochemical differences between sexes in search of an explanation. The goal is to use this difference in outcomes to identify mechanisms that are important to disease progression in all humans. One might look at a recent paper on microglial biochemistry, for example, and compare with this examination of the activity of cholinergic neurons. It is worth noting that the two are linked, with cholinergic neurons likely regulating microglial behavior to some...
Source: Fight Aging! - October 24, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Towards Inhibition of α-Synuclein Aggregation
We report that αS1-25 inhibits lipid-induced αS aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. αS1-25 functions by binding to lipids to prevent αS binding, with both αS and peptide requiring lipid for inhibition to occur. These findings present a potential mechanistic route for the treatment or prevention of PD. (Source: Fight Aging!)
Source: Fight Aging! - October 18, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
A Periodic Look at Elements
It’s National Chemistry Week! To celebrate, we’re looking back at a few recent blog posts highlighting elements important for human health and scientific research. Check out the posts and tell us what your favorite element is in the comments section!
Credit: Adapted from Compound Interest. CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.
Got Calcium?
Calcium is the most abundant mineral in our bodies. It’s essential for lots of important functions—including keeping bones strong and allowing muscles to move. Even clicking on this post to learn more about its many roles requires calcium!
Credit: Adapted from Compound...
Source: Biomedical Beat Blog - National Institute of General Medical Sciences - October 18, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Chrissa Chverchko Tags: Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacology Element Source Type: blogs
How Do Medicines Work?
Credit: iStock.
What we put into our bodies can affect how they function and what they do. For example, a sugary snack will probably make you feel differently than a high-protein meal. Similarly, different medicines elicit different responses in your body, and pharmacologists try to fine-tune each medicine to balance the desired (on-target) with the undesired (off-target) effects—a branch of pharmacology called pharmacodynamics.
Most medicines work by binding to a molecular target, usually proteins like receptors or enzymes, and either blocking or supporting its activity, which results in their therapeutic effects.
...
Source: Biomedical Beat Blog - National Institute of General Medical Sciences - October 16, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Chrissa Chverchko Tags: Being a Scientist Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacology Common questions Medicines Miniseries Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, October 16th 2023
In conclusion, a number of studies have shown that CD4+ Treg cells are crucial in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance and have an important role in the control of atherosclerosis-related inflammation. Therefore, Treg cells are a promising target of major research efforts focused on immune-modulating therapies against atherosclerosis. Developing anti-atherosclerotic Treg-based therapies faces challenges. However, rapid progress in genetic, epigenetic, and molecular aspects of cellular immunology gives hope for a fast-track solution.
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Delivering Senolytic Nanoparticles to Atheroscle...
Source: Fight Aging! - October 15, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
The “Green Pope” Loves Science and Is Cautious of AI
By MIKE MAGEE
By all accounts, they were mutually supportive. He was three years older and the chief scientific adviser to the world’s most powerful religious leader. The Scientific American called him “the greatest scientist of all time,” and not because he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry a decade earlier for explaining the nuts and bolts of ozone formation. It was his blunt truthfulness and ecological advocacy that earned the organization’s respect.
Paul Crutzan is no longer alive. He died on February 4, 2021 in Mainz, Germany at the age of 87. What attracted the 86 year old “Green Pope” to Paul were t...
Source: The Health Care Blog - October 11, 2023 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: matthew holt Tags: Health Policy Climate Change Mike Magee Pope Francis Source Type: blogs
Research Organism Superheroes: Tardigrades
A 3D rendering of a tardigrade. Credit: iStock.
“Water bear” or “moss piglet”? No matter what you call them, tardigrades have secured the title of cutest invertebrate—at least in our book. They’re tiny creatures, averaging about the size of a grain of salt, so while you can spot them with the naked eye, using a microscope is the best way to see them. They earned their nickname of water bear and their official name (which comes from tardigradus, Latin for “slow walker”) because of the way they lumber slowly and deliberately on short, stubby legs.
They’re excellent research organism...
Source: Biomedical Beat Blog - National Institute of General Medical Sciences - October 11, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Chrissa Chverchko Tags: Tools and Techniques Cool Creatures Research Organisms Source Type: blogs
A Novel Approach to Exploiting the Peculiar Biochemistry of Senescent Cells to Produce a Highly Targeted Senolytic
Senolytic drugs selectively destroy senescent cells. First generation senolytic drugs generally target apoptosis-resistance mechanisms and have off-target effects, though these appear quite acceptable in the case of dasatinib and quercetin, given the potential benefits. Nonetheless, researchers are expending a great deal of effort to search for ways to produce far more selective targeting of senescent cells. One example is the category of prodrugs that are only transformed into their cytotoxic form via the activity of β-galactosidase, upregulated in senescent cells. Another type of prodrug employs iron metabolism peculiar...
Source: Fight Aging! - October 11, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Age-Related DNA Damage and Epigenetic Changes
This review paper covers both genetic and epigenetic changes that occur with age, taking a broad look at everything from telomere length to stochastic mutational damage to alterations in chromatin structure. As for all aspects of aging at the level of cellular biochemistry, it is easier to catalog than it is to determine relationships between these items, or to determine whether one characteristic of aging cellular biochemistry is more or less important than another when it comes to age-related disease and loss of function. Greater funding for the field would allow researchers to take the best of brute force approaches, wh...
Source: Fight Aging! - October 11, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Digging Deeper into the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype
In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of 70 protein lists from 20 studies to clarify the induction process of senescence. The analysis revealed the following points: I) The IGF and IGFBP signaling pathways are representative common factors in senescent cells. II) The RUNX1 and UCH deubiquitination that regulates proteasome activity were enriched at the very early stage (1-3 days). III) SASP of the middle stage and late stage were enriched inflammatory pathway related protein, including IL-1, IL-4, IL-12, IL-13, and NF-kb. IV) There is a change in carbohydrate metabolism towards glycolysis during senescence induction....
Source: Fight Aging! - October 10, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Daily News Source Type: blogs
Arguing for Mitochondrial DNA Damage to Spread Between Neurons in Parkinson's Disease
The most noticeable symptoms of Parkinson's disease occur because of the loss of a small but vital population of dopamine-generating neurons in the brain. The condition is associated with the spread of misfolded, aggregated α-synuclein throughout brain tissue. α-synuclein is one of the few molecules in the body capable of misfolding in ways that encourage other molecules o α-synuclein to also misfold in the same way. It can thus spread from cell to cell, perhaps carried in extracellular vesicles. It is thought that misfolding of α-synuclein often first occurs in the intestines, and only then spreads to the brain throug...
Source: Fight Aging! - October 9, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
Mechanism of Troponin release in “ Marathon runners ” ?
Can you believe that 68% of marathon runners show elevated Troponin levels after crossing the finish line? . 11% of them have significant levels that could lead to a diagnosis of ACS if they experience chest pain and end up in the hospital. (Fortescue EB 2007 )
Clinical experience suggest, that it doesn’t require a marathon race to bring troponins into the bloodstream. Any heavy, prolonged physical exertion can potentially release these biomarkers.
How much Troponins are released in these runners ? (Ref 3)
Most runners (68%) had some degree of troponin increase (troponin T > or = 0.01 ng/mL or t...
Source: Dr.S.Venkatesan MD - October 6, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: dr s venkatesan Tags: Uncategorized cardaic biomarkers free cytosolic troponin mechansim troponin release non cardiac troponin troponin in marathon runners troponin t vs i Source Type: blogs
Fight Aging! Newsletter, October 2nd 2023
In conclusion, we identified several candidate genes that may confer cancer resistance in cetaceans, providing a new avenue for further research into the mechanisms of lifespan extension.
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A Relationship Between the Gut Microbiome and Bone Density
https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2023/09/a-relationship-between-the-gut-microbiome-and-bone-density/
Changes in the gut microbiome take place with advancing age, an increase in populations that provoke chronic inflammation, a reduction in the populations producing beneficial metabolites. Even only considering rising levels of in...
Source: Fight Aging! - October 1, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs
A View of Aging Centered Around the Capacity for Hormesis
It is not too far from the truth to say that everyone in the field of aging research has their own theory of aging. Enormous amounts of data exists, measurements of near every aspect of cellular biochemistry, to note the ways in which these aspects change with age, yet we lack the framework to link all of the data together, to firmly state what is important and what is not, what is cause, what is consequence, and how exactly the network of age-related changes are linked to one another. Aging is a dark forest in which the boundaries are well mapped, but only a few of the interior features have been well explored.
So ...
Source: Fight Aging! - September 28, 2023 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Medicine, Biotech, Research Source Type: blogs
