Exercise for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: From Cells to Systems to Function

Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2024 Jan 11. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00302.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTChronic kidney disease (CKD) is among the leading causes of death and disability in the United States, affecting an estimated 800 million adults globally. The underlying pathophysiology of CKD is complex creating challenges to its management. Primary risk factors for the development and progression of CKD include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, age, obesity, diet, inflammation, and physical inactivity. The high prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in patients with CKD increases the risk for secondary consequences such as cardiovascular disease and peripheral neuropathy. Moreover, the increased prevalence of obesity and chronic levels of systemic inflammation in CKD have downstream effects on critical cellular functions regulating homeostasis. The combination of these factors results in the deterioration in health and functional capacity in those living with CKD. Exercise offers protective benefits for the maintenance of health and function with age, even in the presence of CKD. Despite accumulating data supporting the implementation of exercise for the promotion of health and function in CKD patients, a thorough description of the responses and adaptations to exercise at the cellular, system, and whole-body levels is currently lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date comprehensive review of the effects of exercise training on vascular ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology - Category: Physiology Authors: Source Type: research