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Total 5519 results found since Jan 2013.

Oncotic Cell Death in Stroke.
Abstract Oncotic cell death or oncosis represents a major mechanism of cell death in ischaemic stroke, occurring in many central nervous system (CNS) cell types including neurons, glia and vascular endothelial cells. In stroke, energy depletion causes ionic pump failure and disrupts ionic homeostasis. Imbalance between the influx of Na+ and Cl- ions and the efflux of K+ ions through various channel proteins and transporters creates a transmembrane osmotic gradient, with ensuing movement of water into the cells, resulting in cell swelling and oncosis. Oncosis is a key mediator of cerebral oedema in ischaemic stroke...
Source: Pharmacological Reviews - December 5, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Loh KY, Wang Z, Liao P Tags: Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol Source Type: research

Botulinum Toxin Type A for the Treatment of Lower Limb Spasticity after Stroke
AbstractPost-stroke lower limb spasticity impairs balance and gait leading to reduced walking speed, often increasing wheelchair use and caregiver burden. Several studies have shown that appropriate treatments for lower limb spasticity after stroke include injections of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A), phenol or alcohol, surgical correction and a rehabilitation program. In the present article, we review the safety and effectiveness of BoNT-A for the treatment of lower limb spasticity after stroke, with a focus on higher doses of BoNT-A. The cumulative body of evidence coming from the randomized clinical trials and open-lab...
Source: Drugs - January 8, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Applications of Liposomal Drug Delivery Systems to Develop Neuroprotective Agents for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke.
Abstract Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of severe disability and death. In clinical settings, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) for thrombolytic therapy is the only globally approved drug for the treatment of ischemic stroke. However, the proportion of patients who receive t-PA therapy is extremely limited due to its narrow therapeutic time window (TTW) and the risk of cerebral hemorrhage. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is also a serious problem for patients' outcomes. Hence, the development of more effective therapies has been desired to prolong the TTW of t-PA and prevent cerebral I/R...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - March 6, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Fukuta T, Ishii T, Asai T, Oku N Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: research

Long Noncoding RNAs as Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets for Ischemic Stroke.
Abstract LncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs) are endogenous molecules lacking protein-encoding capacity, which have been identified as key regulators of ischemic stroke. Increasing evidence suggests that lncRNAs play critical roles in several aspects of ischemic stroke, including atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Hence, lncRNAs may further broaden our understanding of stroke pathogenesis. Altered lncRNA expression has been found in rodent focal cerebral ischemia models and oxygen-glucose deprived mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells as well as stroke patients. LncRNAs are consid...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - March 26, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Wang Q, Liu X, Zhu R Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

Delayed exposure to environmental enrichment improves functional outcome after stroke
Publication date: Available online 18 May 2019Source: Journal of Pharmacological SciencesAuthor(s): Ying Tang, Ming-Yue Li, Xin Zhang, Xing Jin, Jing Liu, Ping-He WeiAbstractStroke is one of the leading causes of long-term disabilities worldwide. Although exposure to an enriched environment (EE) initiated in the acute phase after stroke has neuroprotective effects and improves stroke outcome, it remains unclear whether EE has positive effects when started in a delayed time frame. Here we show that exposure to EE in the delayed phase notably ameliorates the ischemia-induced impairments in neurological functions and spatial ...
Source: Journal of Pharmacological Sciences - May 18, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Mass spectrometry-based urinary metabolomics for the investigation on the mechanism of action of Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. leaves against ischemic stroke in rats
ConclusionsAll results showed that ESL can play a therapeutic role in treating ischemic stroke through different pathways. This study will provide an overall view of the mechanism underlying the action of ESL against ischemic stroke.Graphical abstract
Source: Journal of Ethnopharmacology - May 23, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

EZH2 inhibitor DZNep modulates microglial activation and protects against ischaemic brain injury after experimental stroke.
Abstract Enhancer of zeste homolog-2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase, has been recognized to play a pivotal role in regulating the immune response in various diseases. However, its role in the inflammatory response induced by ischaemic stroke remains to be further investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the role of EZH2 in microglia-associated inflammation in ischaemic stroke and to further detect the effects of the EZH2 inhibitor, 3-deazaadenosine A (DZNep), in ischaemic brain injury. Here, we found that both in vivo ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury and in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) ...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - June 12, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Chen J, Zhang M, Zhang X, Fan L, Liu P, Yu L, Cao X, Qiu S, Xu Y Tags: Eur J Pharmacol Source Type: research

Prospective Study About the Relationship Between CEUS of Carotid Intraplaque Neovascularization and Ischemic Stroke in TIA Patients
Conclusion For carotid plaques, CEUS could evaluate the infusion mode of them, which could reflect the neovascularization in plaques. CEUS could predict the incurrence of ischemic stroke or recurrence of TIA in TIA patients, which was useful information for clinical decision.
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - June 20, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

LncRNAs a new target for post-stroke recovery.
Abstract LncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs) are endogenous molecules and involved in complicated biological processes. Increasing evidence has shown that lncRNAs play a vital role in the post-stroke pathophysiology.Furthermore, several lncRNAs were reported to mediate ischemia cascade processes include apoptosis, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, angiogensis, neuroinfla- mmation, microglial cell which can cause neuron injury and influence neuron recovery after ischemic stroke. In our study, we first summarize current development about lncRNAs and post-stroke, focus on the regulatory roles of lncRNAs on pathophysiology...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - February 24, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Zhao J, Jun Y, Liu X, Zhu R Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

Mitochondrial MPTP: A Novel Target of Ethnomedicine for Stroke Treatment by Apoptosis Inhibition
Mammalian mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), across the inner and outer membranes of mitochondria, is a nonspecific channel for signal transduction or material transfer between mitochondrial matrix and cytoplasm such as maintenance of Ca2+ homeostasis, regulation of oxidative stress signals, and protein translocation evoked by some of stimuli. Continuous MPTP opening has been proved to stimulate neuronal apoptosis in ischemic stroke. Meanwhile, inhibition of MPTP overopening-induced apoptosis has shown excellent efficacy in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Among of which, the potential molecular mechanisms...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - March 24, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Myricetin against myocardial injury in rat heat stroke model.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that myricetin diminishes myocardial injury as well as lethality in heat stroke by up-regulating HSP-72 and show promise as a novel prevention therapeutic for heat stroke. PMID: 32371315 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biomedicine and pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine and pharmacotherapie - April 30, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Lin X, Lin CH, Liu R, Li C, Jiao S, Yi X, Walker MJ, Xu XM, Zhao T, Huang PC, Sun G Tags: Biomed Pharmacother Source Type: research

An Integrative Pharmacology-Based Analysis of Refined Qingkailing Injection Against Cerebral Ischemic Stroke: A Novel Combination of Baicalin, Geniposide, Cholic Acid, and Hyodeoxycholic Acid
In conclusion, RQKL protected tissue against ischemic stroke through multiple-target, multiple signals, and modulating multiple cell-types in brain. This study not only promoted our understanding of the role of RQKL against ischemic stroke, but also provided a pattern for the study of Chinese medicine combining pharmaceutical Informatics and system biology methods.
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - May 7, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Minocycline inhibits mTOR signaling activation and alleviates behavioral deficits in the Wistar rats with acute ischemia stroke.
CONCLUSION: Minocycline prevents cognitive deficits via inhibiting mTOR signaling and enhancing autophagy process, and promoting the expression of pre-and postsynaptic proteins (synaptophysin and PSD-95) in the brain of the MCAO stroke rats. The potential neuroprotective role of minocycline in the process of cerebral ischemia may be related to mitigating is-chemia-induced synapse injury via inhibiting activation of mTOR signaling. PMID: 32867663 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: CNS and Neurological Disorders Drug Targets - August 30, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Wang S, Wang C, Wang L, Cai Z Tags: CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets Source Type: research

Effectiveness and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in the Secondary Stroke Prevention of Elderly Patients: Ljubljana Registry of Secondary Stroke Prevention
ConclusionsOur real-life data study suggests that secondary stroke prevention with DOACs is as effective and safe as primary prevention, both in standard and reduced doses, in a typical group of patients who are older than patients included in RCTs.
Source: Clinical Drug Investigation - September 3, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

The neuroprotective role of neuroserpin in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
Abstract Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is commonly used to treat acute ischemic stroke within an appropriate therapeutic window. Its inhibitor, neuroserpin (NSP), is reported to exhibit neuroprotective effects on stroke. This review aims to summarize, from literature, the available evidence, potential mechanisms, and knowledge limitations regarding the neuroprotective role of NSP in stroke. All the available evidence indicates that regulation of the inflammatory response may play a key role in the mechanisms of NSP, which involve all the constituents of the neuroimmune axis. The neuroinflammatory response tri...
Source: Current Neuropharmacology - October 8, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ding S, Chen Q, Chen H, Luo B, Li C, Wang L, Asakawa T Tags: Curr Neuropharmacol Source Type: research