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Specialty: Drugs & Pharmacology

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Total 5519 results found since Jan 2013.

Levosimendan alone and in combination with valsartan prevents stroke in Dahl salt-sensitive rats.
Abstract The effects of levosimendan on cerebrovascular lesions and mortality were investigated in models of primary and secondary stroke. We aimed to determine whether the effects of levosimendan are comparable to and/or cumulative with those of valsartan, and to investigate whether levosimendan-induced vasodilation has a role in its effects on stroke. In a primary stroke Dahl/Rapp rat model, mortality rates were 70% and 5% for vehicle and levosimendan, respectively. Both stroke incidence (85% vs. 10%, P<0.001) and stroke-associated behavioral deficits (7-point neuroscore: 4.59 vs. 5.96, P<0.001) were worse...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - January 29, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Levijoki J, Kivikko M, Pollesello P, Sallinen J, Hyttilä-Hopponen M, Kuoppamäki M, Haasio K, Gröhn O, Miettinen R, Puoliväli J, Tähtivaara L, Yrjänheikki J, Haapalinna A Tags: Eur J Pharmacol Source Type: research

Venlafaxine treatment after endothelin-1-induced cortical stroke modulates growth factor expression and reduces tissue damage in rats.
Abstract Neuromodulators, such as antidepressants, may contribute to neuroprotection by modulating growth factor expression to exert anti-inflammatory effects and to support neuronal plasticity after stroke. Our objective was to study whether early treatment with venlafaxine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, modulates growth factor expression and positively contributes to reducing the volume of infarcted brain tissue resulting in increased functional recovery. We studied the expression of BDNF, FGF2 and TGF-β1 by examining their mRNA and protein levels and cellular distribution using quantitative co...
Source: Neuropharmacology - March 7, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Zepeda R, Contreras V, Pissani C, Stack K, Vargas M, Owen GI, Lazo OM, Bronfman FC Tags: Neuropharmacology Source Type: research

Alpha-linolenic acid given as enteral or parenteral nutritional intervention against sensorimotor and cognitive deficits in a mouse model of ischemic stroke.
This study evaluated the value of ALA as adjunctive therapy for stroke recovery by comparing whether oral or intravenous supplementation of ALA best support recovery from ischemia. Motor and cognitive deficits were assessed using rotarod, pole and Morris water maze tests. ALA supplementation in diet was better than intravenous treatment in improving motor coordination, but this improvement was not due to a neuroprotective effect since infarct size was not reduced. Both types of ALA supplementation improved spatial learning and memory after stroke. This cognitive improvement correlated with higher survival of hippocampal ne...
Source: Neuropharmacology - April 27, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Bourourou M, Heurteaux C, Blondeau N Tags: Neuropharmacology Source Type: research

Stroke in a Young Woman as a Presenting Manifestation of Membranous Nephropathy
Stroke is one of the most severe complications of nephrotic syndrome (NS), only a few cases have been reported in previous literature. Some of those cases are not clear about whether the stroke was purely caused by NS because they also had other risk factors for stroke, such as old age, hypertension. A recent study showed that serum albumin less than 2.8 g/dL is a risk factor for thromboembolic events (venous thromboembolic events). Anticoagulation is suggested for patients with NS with low albumin by KIDIGO guideline 2012. Here, we describe a case in which a young patient presented with stroke as an initial symptom of mem...
Source: American Journal of Therapeutics - May 1, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research

Atrial fibrillation burden and atrial fibrillation type: Clinical significance and impact on the risk of stroke and decision making for long-term anticoagulation.
Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia increasing the risk of morbidity and adverse outcomes (stroke, heart failure, death). AF is found in 1-2% of the general population, with increasing prevalence with aging. Its exact epidemiological profile is incomplete and underestimated, because 10-40% of AF patients (particularly the elderly) can be asymptomatic ("clinically silent or subclinical AF"), with occasional electrocardiographic diagnosis. The research interest on silent AF has increased by the evidence that its outcome is no less severe, in terms of risks of stroke and death, than that for symp...
Source: Vascular Pharmacology - May 15, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Boriani G, Pettorelli D Tags: Vascul Pharmacol Source Type: research

Effect of Chinese herbal medicine on stroke patients with type 2 diabetes
Conclusion The use of CHM as adjunctive therapy may improve the overall survival (OS) of stroke patients with T2D. The list of the comprehensive herbal medicines that they used might be useful in future large-scale, randomized clinical investigations of agent effectiveness, safety, and potential interactions with conventional treatments in stroke patients with T2D. Graphical abstract
Source: Journal of Ethnopharmacology - February 19, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Clinical study on anti-epileptic drug with B vitamins for the treatment of epilepsy after stroke.
CONCLUSIONS: Anti-epilepsy drugs combined with B vitamins can improve epilepsy control after stroke and reduce new stroke occurrence. This effect may be associated with stability of plasma ADMA levels. Vitamin B12 may be better than vitamin B complex in the treatment of epilepsy after stroke. PMID: 28770947 [PubMed - in process]
Source: European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences - August 6, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research

Oxidative stress and DNA damage after cerebral ischemia: Potential therapeutic targets to preserve the genome and improve stroke recovery.
Abstract The past two decades have witnessed remarkable advances in oxidative stress research, particularly in the context of ischemic brain injury. Oxidative stress in ischemic tissues compromises the integrity of the genome, resulting in DNA lesions, cell death in neurons, glial cells, and vascular cells, and impairments in neurological recovery after stroke. As DNA is particularly vulnerable to oxidative attack, cells have evolved the ability to induce multiple DNA repair mechanisms, including base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER) and non-homogenous endpoint jointing (NHEJ). Defective DNA...
Source: Neuropharmacology - November 8, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Li P, Anne Stetler R, Leak RK, Shi Y, Li Y, Yu W, Bennett MVL, Chen J Tags: Neuropharmacology Source Type: research

Stroke and Hypertension: an Appraisal from Pathophysiology to Clinical Practice.
Abstract Stroke as a cause of long-term disability is a growing public health burden. Therefore, focusing on prevention is important. The most prominent aim of this strategy is to treat modifiable risk factors, such as arterial hypertension, the leading modifiable contributor to stroke. Thus, efforts to adequately reduce blood pressure (BP) among hypertensives are mandatory. In this respect, although safety and benefits of BP control related to long-term outcome have been largely demonstrated, there are open questions that remain to be addressed, such as optimal timing to initiate BP reduction and BP goals to be t...
Source: Current Vascular Pharmacology - November 16, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Buonacera A, Stancanelli B, Malatino L Tags: Curr Vasc Pharmacol Source Type: research

Advances in stroke pharmacology
Publication date: Available online 25 May 2018 Source:Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics Author(s): Zhenhua Zhou, Jianfei Lu, Wen-Wu Liu, Anatol Manaenko, Xianhua Hou, Qiyong Mei, Jun-Long Huang, Jiping Tang, John H. Zhang, Honghong Yao, Qin Hu Stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel is blocked or ruptured, and it is the major cause of death and adult disability worldwide. Various pharmacological agents have been developed for the treatment of stroke either through interrupting the molecular pathways leading to neuronal death or enhancing neuronal survival and regeneration. Except for rtPA, few of these agents have su...
Source: Pharmacology and Therapeutics - May 26, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Colchicine for Stroke Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Abstract PURPOSE: There has been recent interest in the role of colchicine in cardiovascular diseases, given the implication of inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis. This systematic review assessed the role of colchicine in preventing primary or secondary stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) in an adult population. METHODS: Four databases were electronically searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), and OpenGrey. Studies were eligible if they reported stroke or TIA incidence as a primary/secondary end point, or as an adverse event. Only case-control...
Source: Clinical Therapeutics - February 27, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Khandkar C, Vaidya K, Patel S Tags: Clin Ther Source Type: research

Uric acid treatment after stroke modulates the Kr üppel-like factor 2-VEGF-A axis to protect brain endothelial cell functions: impact of hypertension.
Uric acid treatment after stroke modulates the Krüppel-like factor 2-VEGF-A axis to protect brain endothelial cell functions: impact of hypertension. Biochem Pharmacol. 2019 Apr 04;: Authors: Vila E, Solé M, Masip N, Puertas-Umbert L, Amaro S, Paula Dantas A, Unzeta M, D'Ocon P, Maria Planas A, Chamorro Á, Jiménez-Altayó F Abstract Uric acid (UA) is a promising protective treatment in ischaemic stroke, but the precise molecular targets underlying its in vivo beneficial actions remain unclear. High concentrations of UA inhibit angiogenesis of cultured endothelial cells via Krüppel-like factor 2 (...
Source: Biochemical Pharmacology - April 3, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Vila E, Solé M, Masip N, Puertas-Umbert L, Amaro S, Paula Dantas A, Unzeta M, D'Ocon P, Maria Planas A, Chamorro Á, Jiménez-Altayó F Tags: Biochem Pharmacol Source Type: research

Measuring the Effectiveness of Safety Warnings on the Risk of Stroke in Older Antipsychotic Users: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Two Large Electronic Medical Records Databases in the United Kingdom and Italy
ConclusionAntipsychotic safety warnings were followed by a reduction in stroke incidence among older antipsychotic users in the UK, but not Italy.
Source: Drug Safety - September 24, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

NG2-glia cell proliferation and differentiation by glial growth factor 2 (GGF2), a strategy to promote functional recovery after ischemic stroke.
Abstract Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability. Spontaneous functional recovery occurs after ischemic stroke, but it is very limited. Therefore, it is urgent to find a strategy to promote functional recovery after stroke in clinical setting. Gray matter damage has received extensive attention owing to the important roles of the gray matter in synaptic plasticity, cognitive, and motor function. However, stroke also causes white matter damage, which accounts for half of the infarct volume and can be aggravated by blood brain barrier damage. Disruption of white matter integrity, which is characterized by de...
Source: Biochemical Pharmacology - November 17, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Li F, Liu WC, Wang Q, Sun Y, Wang H, Jin X Tags: Biochem Pharmacol Source Type: research

Efficacy and Safety of Ginkgo Leaf Extract and Dipyridamole Injection for Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis
Conclusion: Evidence from the meta-analysis suggested that the combination of conventional treatments and GDI is safe and more effective in treating ischemic stroke than conventional treatments alone. Therefore, GDI mediated therapy could be recommended as an adjuvant treatment for ischemic stroke.
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - December 3, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research