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Total 1739 results found since Jan 2013.

Accuracy of gait and posture classification using movement sensors in individuals with mobility impairment after stroke
Conclusion: This work presents a comparison of performance when classifying Gait and body postures in post-stroke individuals with different sensor configurations, which provide options for subsequent outcome evaluation. We achieved accurate classification of gait and postures performed in a real-life setting by individuals with a wide range of motor impairments due to stroke. This validated classifier will hopefully prove a useful resource to researchers and clinicians in the increasingly important field of digital health in the form of remote movement monitoring using motion sensors.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - September 26, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Different aspects of hand grip performance associated with structural connectivity of distinct sensorimotor networks in chronic stroke
Different aspects of hand grip performance may be associated with the structural connectivity of distinct sensorimotor networks in chronic stroke survivors. This knowledge may facilitate the development of personalized rehabilitation interventions to target the responsible brain network for specific motor impairments in individual patients, thus improving outcomes. AbstractKnowledge regarding the neural origins of distinct upper extremity impairments may guide the choice of interventions to target neural structures responsible for specific impairments. This cross-sectional pilot study investigated whether different brain n...
Source: Physiological Reports - April 6, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Christian Schranz, Shraddha Srivastava, Bryant A. Seamon, Barbara Marebwa, Leonardo Bonilha, Viswanathan Ramakrishnan, Janina Wilmskoetter, Richard R. Neptune, Steve A. Kautz, Na Jin Seo Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Shear wave ultrasound elastography of the biceps brachii can be used as a precise proxy for passive elbow torque in individuals with hemiparetic stroke
Precise and objective methods for quantifying passive joint torques are absent in stroke rehabilitation, leaving rehabilitation specialists to subjectively assess its impact on function. Here, we compare shear wave ultrasound elastography of the biceps brachii muscle with a mechatronic method (criterion measure) of measuring elbow flexion torque over a range of elbow angles. Differences are evaluated between arms. Data support the clinical application of shear wave ultrasound elastography, especially in the absence of bedside mechatronics. AbstractMuscle tissue is prone to changes in composition and architecture following ...
Source: Physiological Reports - May 20, 2023 Category: Physiology Authors: Michael D. Ellis, Netta Gurari, Ninette T. A. Gerritsen, Sabrina M. Lee, Amy Wang, Julius P. A. Dewald Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Shunt volume dynamics in stroke patients with patent foramen ovale
A variation in right atrial and pulmonary arterial pressure might result in a shunt dynamic across a patent foramen ovale (PFO). In the present study we tested if peak exercise facilitates a restoration of right to left shunt (RLS) in stroke patients who demonstrated a functional PFO closure (no evidence of RLS across an initially demonstrated PFO). In stroke patients with PFO demonstrating a functional closure, the RLS was reassessed on peak exercise using contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler sonography. The exercise procedure consisted of a cardiopulmonary exercise test with supplementary stress echocardiography for as...
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - September 1, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Reichenberger, F., Kaps, M., Seeger, W., Tanislav, C. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research

Centrally administered angiotensin‐(1–7) increases the survival of stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats
This study is the first to demonstrate the cerebroprotective actions of Ang‐(1–7), including increased survival time, in spSHR. As such, these data reveal a potential therapeutic target for hemorrhagic stroke. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Source: Experimental Physiology - October 21, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Robert W. Regenhardt, Adam P. Mecca, Fiona Desland, Phillip F. Ritucci‐Chinni, Jacob A. Ludin, David Greenstein, Cristina Banuelos, Jennifer L. Bizon, Mary K. Reinhard, Colin Sumners Source Type: research

Involvement of bradykinin in brain edema development after ischemic stroke.
Abstract Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the Western world. Ischemic stroke is characterized by a rapid loss of brain function due to disturbance in the blood supply to a part of the brain. Due to fixed intracranial space, any increase in intracranial fluid volume, or progressive brain edema formation, contributes to further deterioration of the already impaired brain function. Bradykinin increases blood-brain barrier permeability and raises intracranial capillary blood pressure by arterial dilatation and venous constriction leading to brain edema formation. The aim of this paper is to summarize the ...
Source: Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology - April 23, 2014 Category: Physiology Authors: Dobrivojević M, Spiranec K, Sinđić A Tags: Pflugers Arch Source Type: research

Transcranial non-invasive brain stimulation in swallowing rehabilitation following stroke — A review of the literature
Conclusion There is promising proof of concept that non-invasive brain stimulation may provide a useful adjunct to post-stroke swallowing rehabilitation practice. Eventual transition of optimal paradigms into routine clinical practice will be accompanied by practical considerations in relation to local and national frameworks, e.g. the prescription and provision of treatment.
Source: Physiology and Behavior - February 21, 2015 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Limitations and pitfalls in measurements of right ventricular stroke volume in an animal model of right heart failure
Right heart failure occurs in various heart and pulmonary vascular diseases and may be fatal. We aimed to identify limitations in non-invasive measurements of right ventricular stroke volume in an animal model of right ventricular failure. Data from previous studies randomising rats to pulmonary trunk banding (PTB, n = 33) causing pressure-overload right ventricular failure or sham operation ( n = 16) was evaluated retrospectively. We measured right ventricular stroke volume by high frequency echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We found correlation between right ventricular stroke volume measured b...
Source: Physiological Measurement - April 9, 2015 Category: Physiology Authors: Mads Dam Vildbrad, Asger Andersen, Thomas Krarup Andersen, Sofie Axelgaard, Sarah Holmboe, Stine Andersen, Steffen Ringgaard and Jens Erik Nielsen-Kudsk Source Type: research

Unique cytokine and chemokine responses to exertional heat stroke in mice
In this study we used a recently developed mouse EHS model to measure the responses of circulating cytokines/chemokines and cytokine gene expression in muscle. A very rapid increase in circulating IL-6 was observed at maximum core temperature (Tc,max) that peaked at 0.5 h of recovery and disappeared by 3 h. IL-10 was not elevated at any time. This contrasts with PHS where both IL-6 and IL-10 peak at 3 h of recovery. Keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, MIP-1β, and monocyte chemoattractive factor-1 also demonstrated near peak response...
Source: Journal of Applied Physiology - February 2, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: King, M. A., Leon, L. R., Morse, D. A., Clanton, T. L. Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Progressive recruitment of contralesional cortico-reticulospinal pathways drives motor impairment post stroke.
Abstract KEY POINTS: Activation of the shoulder abductor muscles in the arm opposite a unilateral brain injury causes involuntary increases in elbow, wrist and finger flexion in the same arm, a phenomenon referred to as the flexion synergy. It has been proposed that flexion synergy expression is related to reduced output from ipsilesional motor cortex and corticospinal pathways. In this human subjects study, we provide evidence that the magnitude of flexion synergy expression is instead related to a progressive, task-dependent recruitment of contralesional cortex. We also provide evidence that recruitment of contr...
Source: The Journal of Physiology - February 19, 2018 Category: Physiology Authors: McPherson JG, Chen A, Ellis MD, Yao J, Heckman CJ, Dewald JPA Tags: J Physiol Source Type: research

The Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, End-Stage Renal Disease, and Stroke in Post-Partum Women and their Fetuses after a Hypertensive Pregnancy.
Abstract Women with hypertensive pregnancy complications are at greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic diseases, stroke, and end-stage renal disease later in life. Pregnancy complications not only effect the mother's long-term health, but also the health of the fetus immediately after delivery and into adulthood. The health of the fetus until adulthood can be influenced by developmental programming, in which the fetus is exposed to insults that will ultimately affect the growth of the offspring and increase the offspring's risk of developing hypertension, coronary heart disease, metabol...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - June 13, 2018 Category: Physiology Authors: Cunningham MW, LaMarca BD Tags: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Source Type: research

Post-stroke neuronal circuits and mental illnesses.
Authors: Naghavi FS, Koffman EE, Lin B, Du J Abstract Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. It is also associated with severe mental illnesses, such as depression and anxiety, that hinder the rehabilitation of surviving patients. Thus, a better understanding of how stroke causes mental illnesses is crucial, but little is known about the neurological mechanisms involved. In this review, we summarized the most common mental illnesses developed after stroke, as well as the underlying mechanisms at the neuronal circuit level. PMID: 30911356 [PubMed]
Source: International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology - March 27, 2019 Category: Physiology Tags: Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Histone deacetylases in stroke.
Authors: Kao MH, Lin TN Abstract Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the leading cause of adult disability worldwide. Despite an impressive amount of neuroprotective agents that has been identified in experimental stroke, none of them proved efficient in clinical trials. There is a general consensus that an effective treatment requires the ability to interact with not one, but multiple pathophysiological cascades at different levels that induced by the insult - cocktail therapy. Luckily, recent progress in the field of epigenetics revealed that epigenetic modifications had influence on many known pathwa...
Source: The Chinese Journal of Physiology - July 1, 2019 Category: Physiology Tags: Chin J Physiol Source Type: research

Monoclonal antibody as an emerging therapy for acute ischemic stroke.
Authors: Woods D, Jiang Q, Chu XP Abstract Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the 5th leading cause of death and the leading cause of neurological disability in the United States. The oxygen and glucose deprivation associated with AIS not only leads to neuronal cell death, but also increases the inflammatory response, therefore decreasing the functional outcome of the brain. The only pharmacological intervention approved by the US Federal Food and Drug Administration for treatment of AIS is tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), however, such treatment can only be given within 4.5 hours of the onset of stroke-like sympto...
Source: International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology - September 18, 2020 Category: Physiology Tags: Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol Source Type: research