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Total 1739 results found since Jan 2013.

Scene text removal via cascaded text stroke detection and erasing
AbstractRecent learning-based approaches show promising performance improvement for the scene text removal task but usually leave several remnants of text and provide visually unpleasant results. In this work, a novel end-to-end framework is proposed based on accurate text stroke detection. Specifically, the text removal problem is decoupled into text stroke detection and stroke removal; we design separate networks to solve these two subproblems, the latter being a generative network. These two networks are combined as a processing unit, which is cascaded to obtain our final model for text removal. Experimental results dem...
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - December 6, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Resting State EEG Directed Functional Connectivity Unveils Changes in Motor Network Organization in Subacute Stroke Patients After Rehabilitation
Brain plasticity and functional reorganization are mechanisms behind functional motor recovery of patients after an ischemic stroke. The study of resting-state motor network functional connectivity by means of EEG proved to be useful in investigating changes occurring in the information flow and find correlation with motor function recovery. In the literature, most studies applying EEG to post-stroke patients investigated the undirected functional connectivity of interacting brain regions. Quite recently, works started to investigate the directionality of the connections and many approaches or features have been proposed, ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 5, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Sirtuins 1 and 2 in the Acute Period After Photothrombotic Stroke: Expression, Localization and Involvement in Apoptosis
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are NAD+- dependent histone deacetylases. They are involved in a variety of biological pathways and are thought to be a promising target for treating several human disorders. Although evidence is piling up to support the neuroprotective role of SIRTs in ischemic stroke, the role of different sirtuin isoforms needs further investigation. We studied the effects of photothrombotic stroke (PTS) on the expression and localization of sirtuins SIRT1 and SIRT2 in neurons and astrocytes of the penumbra and tested the activity of their selective and non-selective inhibitors. SIRT1 levels significantly decreased in t...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 27, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Classification of functional and non-functional arm use by inertial measurement units in individuals with upper limb impairment after stroke
Conclusion: This work compares the validity of methods classifying stroke survivors’ real-life arm activities measured by wrist-worn sensors excluding whole-body movements. The determined optimal thresholds and machine learning classifiers achieved an equivalent accuracy and higher specificity than conventional thresholds. Our open-sourced classifier or optimal thresholds should be used to specify the intensity and duration of arm use.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - September 28, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Treating exertional heat stroke: Limited understanding of the female response to cold water immersion
According to an expansive body of research and best practice statements, whole-body cold water immersion is the gold standard treatment for exertional heat stroke. However, as this founding evidence was predominantly drawn from males, the current guidelines for treatment are being applied to women without validation. Given the recognised differences in thermal responses experienced by men and women, all-encompassing exertional heat stroke treatment advice may not effectively protect both sexes. In fact, recent evidence suggests that hyperthermic women cool faster than hyperthermic men during cold water immersion. This rais...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - November 25, 2022 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Quantitative assessment of biceps brachii muscle stiffness by using Young ’s modulus–Angle curve during passive stretching in stroke patients
Conclusion: The passive elastic characteristics of the biceps brachii are consistent with the exponential model. The Young’s modulus–elbow angle curve of the biceps brachii changes in distinct ways depending on the muscle tone status. SWE can be used to quantify muscular stiffness during passive stretching as a new way of muscle tone evaluation, allowing for quantitative muscle tone evaluation and mathematical assessment of muscle mechanical properties in stroke patients.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - March 8, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Concurrent validity of machine learning-classified functional upper extremity use from accelerometry in chronic stroke
Conclusion: Our machine learning approach provides a valid measure of functional UE use. The accuracy, validity, and small footprint of this machine learning approach makes it feasible for measurement of UE recovery in stroke rehabilitation trials.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - March 22, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Towards continuous EIT monitoring for hemorrhagic stroke patients
The practical implementation of continuous monitoring of stroke patients by Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is addressed. In a previous paper, we have demonstrated EIT sensitivity to cerebral hemodynamics, using scalp-mounted electrodes, very low-noise measurements, and a novel image reconstruction method. In the present paper, we investigate the potential to adapt that system for clinical application, by using 50% fewer electrodes and by incorporating into the measurement protocol an additional high-frequency measurement to provide an effective reference. Previously published image reconstruction methods for multi-f...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 5, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Effects of EMG-based robot for upper extremity rehabilitation on post-stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Conclusion: The effect of EMG-based robot is superior to conventional therapies in terms of improving upper extremity motor control, spasticity and activity limitation. Further research should explore optimal parameters of EMG-based robot therapy and its long-term effects on upper limb function in post-stroke patients.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/; Identifier: 387070.
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - May 3, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Estimation of left ventricular stroke volume by impedance cardiography: its relation to the aortic reservoir
New Findings •What is the central question of this study?Thoracic impedance has been used to calculate left ventricular stroke volume for decades, while its theoretical basis remains controversial and the parameters generated have not been related satisfactorily to the haemodynamic events. •What is the main finding and what is its importance?We provide mechanistic explanations for the following: (i) why the upstroke of the change in thoracic impedance (ΔZ) waveform is constantly delayed with respect to that of the central aortic pressure; (ii) why the contour of the ΔZ waveform is ‘blunted’ compared with that of...
Source: Experimental Physiology - May 13, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Jiun‐Jr Wang, Gwyneth de Vries, John V. Tyberg Source Type: research

Increased cytokine and chemokine gene expression in the CNS of mice during heat stroke recovery.
Abstract Heat stroke (HS) is characterized by a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) consisting of profound core temperature (Tc) changes in mice. Encephalopathy is common at HS collapse, but inflammatory changes occurring in the brain during the SIRS remain unidentified. We determined the association between inflammatory gene expression changes in the brain with Tc disturbances during HS recovery in mice. Gene expression changes of heat shock protein (HSP)72, heme-oxygenase (hmox1), cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα), cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1, COX-2), chemokines (MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, CX3CR1), and ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - September 11, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Biedenkapp JC, Leon LR Tags: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Source Type: research

Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitor trans-4-4-(3-Adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-cyclohexyloxy-benzoic Acid (t-AUCB) is Neuroprotective in Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that t-AUCB may exert its neuroprotective effects by affecting multiple components of neurovascular unit including neurons, astrocytes and microvascular flow. PMID: 24043255 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - September 16, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Shaik JS, Ahmad M, Li W, Rose ME, Foley LM, Hitchens KT, Graham SH, Hwang SH, Hammock BD, Poloyac SM Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research

Effects of the blood components on the AMPA and NMDA synaptic responses in brain slices in the onset of hemorrhagic stroke.
In this study, we used the technique of on-line monitoring of electrophysiological parameters referred to synaptic activity in piriform cortex of SHR rat slice. We exposed the olfactory cortex slices to diluted autologous blood or its components and compared with effects of ferric chloride. Whole blood exerted a total inhibition of synaptic activity in piriform cortex within first 5 min. Dilution of blood induced prolonged epileptic synaptic activation of NMDA receptors. Blood plasma and fraction of leucocytes induced hyperactivation of neurons transforming to epileptiform discharges. Fraction of red blood cells acted biph...
Source: General Physiology and Biophysics - September 26, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Mokrushin AA, Pavlinova LI Tags: Gen Physiol Biophys Source Type: research

Attenuated Thermoregulatory, Metabolic and Liver Acute Phase Protein Response to Heat Stroke in TNF Receptor Knockout Mice.
Abstract Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is considered an adverse mediator of heat stroke (HS) based on clinical studies showing high serum levels. However, soluble TNF receptors (sTNFR; TNF antagonists) were higher in survivors than nonsurvivors and TNFR KO mice showed a trend towards increased mortality suggesting TNF has protective actions for recovery. We delineated TNF actions in HS by comparing thermoregulatory, metabolic and inflammatory responses between B6129F2 (WT) and TNFR KO mice. Prior to heat exposure, TNFR KO mice showed ~0.4°C lower core temperature (Tc; radiotelemetry), ~10% lower metabolic rate (Mr;...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology - October 16, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Leon LR, Dineen SM, Blaha MD, Rodriguez-Fernandez M, Clarke DC Tags: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Source Type: research