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Gallstone Disease and the Risk of Stroke: A Nationwide Population-based Study
Background: Gallstone disease (GD) and stroke share a number of risk factors including diabetes and hyperlipidemia. This nationwide population-based study was designed to estimate the risk of stroke after a diagnosis of GD.Methods: Data were obtained from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. A total of 135,512 patients with a diagnosis of GD and 271,024 age- and gender-matched non-GD control patients were included to assess the risk of stroke using Cox proportional hazard regression.Results: During the study period (2000-2003), 12,234 (153.67/10,000 person-years) strokes occurred among the GD patients, a...
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - June 23, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Cheng-Yu Wei, Tieh-Chi Chung, Chien-Hua Chen, Che-Chen Lin, Fung-Chang Sung, Wen Ting Chung, Woon-Man Kung, Chung Y. Hsu, Yung-Hsiang Yeh Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Comment: The benefits of antiplatelets on stroke-- More arguments to keep patients adherent
The role of antiplatelet agents in stroke prevention is well documented, especially for secondary prevention, but many patients with no previous stroke but with other risk factors (high cardiovascular risk, women with diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, peripheral artery disease, or asymptomatic carotid stenosis) can also benefit. The findings of Jung et al.1 are therefore clinically relevant and can be used to reassure patients that even if antiplatelet agents fail to prevent stroke, they can mitigate its severity. Although it is an observational study, a randomized trial to test the effect of antiplatelet agents o...
Source: Neurology - March 16, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Niewada, M. Tags: MRI, All Cerebrovascular disease/Stroke, Class II, Case control studies, Natural history studies (prognosis) ARTICLE Source Type: research

Improved ischemic stroke outcome prediction using model estimation of outcome probability: The THRIVE‐c calculation
ConclusionBy computing the logistic equation with patient‐specific continuous variables in the THRIVE‐c calculation, outcomes at the individual patient level are more accurately estimated. Given the widespread availability of computers and devices at the point of care, such calculations can be easily performed with a simple user interface.
Source: International Journal of Stroke - June 4, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Alexander C. Flint, Vivek A. Rao, Sheila L. Chan, Sean P. Cullen, Bonnie S. Faigeles, Wade S. Smith, Philip M. Bath, Nils Wahlgren, Niaz Ahmed, Geoff A. Donnan, S. Claiborne Johnston, Tags: Research Source Type: research

Recurrent vascular events in lacunar stroke patients with metabolic syndrome and/or diabetes
Conclusion: METS and DM were significant comorbid conditions in lacunar stroke patients and they were associated with stroke recurrence. In patients with lacunar infarcts, a vigilant approach to prevent development of DM in those with METS may be a potential strategy to reduce recurrent strokes.
Source: Neurology - September 14, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Zhu, S., McClure, L. A., Lau, H., Romero, J. R., White, C. L., Babikian, V., Nguyen, T., Benavente, O. R., Kase, C. S., Pikula, A. Tags: All Cerebrovascular disease/Stroke ARTICLE Source Type: research

Hyperglycemia and PPAR{gamma} Antagonistically Influence Macrophage Polarization and Infarct Healing After Ischemic Stroke Basic Sciences
Conclusions— Hyperglycemia and macrophage-specific PPAR activation exert opposing effects on MO/MP polarization in ischemic stroke lesions and, thereby, critically determine the risk of hemorrhagic infarct transformation.
Source: Stroke - September 28, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Gliem, M., Klotz, L., van Rooijen, N., Hartung, H.-P., Jander, S. Tags: Animal models of human disease, Coumarins, Other diabetes, Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage, Acute Cerebral Infarction, Anticoagulants Basic Sciences Source Type: research

A meta-analysis investigating incidence and features of stroke in HIV-infected patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era
Conclusion: Stroke represents a relatively common complication in young, HAART-treated HIV patients. Apart from traditional cardiovascular risk factors, HIV-RNA viral load may help to target and manage patients at risk.
Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine - October 30, 2015 Category: Cardiology Tags: Stroke in HIV Source Type: research

Higher Insulin Resistance Level is Associated with Worse Clinical Response in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated with Intravenous Thrombolysis
Abstract Insulin resistance is linked to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and stroke. We investigated whether there is a relationship between insulin resistance and clinical findings and outcomes of acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis. In our study, 180 acute ischemic stroke non-diabetic patients treated with intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (iv rt-PA) were evaluated for insulin resistance assessed by homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The threshold for HOMA-IR was determined as 2.7. Patients were grouped as HOMA-IR > 2...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 30, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Lacunar Infarcts and Intracerebral Hemorrhage Differences Brief Report
Background and Purpose—Lacunar stroke (LS) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are 2 diverse manifestations of small vessel disease. What predisposes some patients to ischemic stroke and others to hemorrhage is not well understood.Methods—We performed a nested case–control study within the FHS (Framingham Heart Study) comparing people with incident ICH and lacunar ischemic stroke, to age- and sex-matched controls for baseline prevalence and levels of cardiovascular risk factors.Results—We identified 118 LS (mean age 74 years, 51% male) and 108 ICH (75 years, 46% male) events. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking...
Source: Stroke - January 22, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Vasileios-Arsenios Lioutas, Alexa Beiser, Jayandra Himali, Hugo Aparicio, Jose Rafael Romero, Charles DeCarli, Sudha Seshadri Tags: Obesity, Risk Factors, Cerebrovascular Disease/Stroke, Intracranial Hemorrhage, Ischemic Stroke Brief Reports Source Type: research

Diabetes Worsens Functional Outcomes in Young Female Rats: Comparison of Stroke Models, Tissue Plasminogen Activator Effects, and Sexes
AbstractDiabetes worsens stroke outcome and increases the risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after ischemic stroke, especially with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment. The widespread use of tPA is still limited by the fear of hemorrhagic transformation (HT), and underlying mechanisms are actively being pursued in preclinical studies. However, experimental models use a 10 times higher dose of tPA than the clinical dose (10  mg/kg) and mostly employ only male animals. In this translational study, we hypothesized that low-dose tPA will improve the functional recovery after the embolic stroke in both control an...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 28, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Retinal and Ophthalmic Artery Studies in Ischemic Stroke Patients Using Fundus Photography and Transcranial Doppler Methods (P4.252)
Conclusions:Our study in a robust sample of non-severe stroke patients showed that abnormal retinal AVR is strongly associated with IS patients even after accounting for traditional risk factors. OA-TCD studies, on the other hand, did not have significant associations with stroke group.Disclosure: Dr. Patil has nothing to disclose. Dr. Narayan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Babu K has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Patil, K., Narayan, S., Babu, K. R. Tags: Acute and Diagnostic Imaging in Ischemic Stroke and TIA Source Type: research

Purpose in Life and Daytime Sleepiness in Post-Stroke Fatigue (P5.291)
Conclusions:PIL and daytime sleepiness, along with female gender explained over half of the variance contributing to PSF.Disclosure: Dr. Huang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Singer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Balucani has nothing to disclose. Dr. Stefanov has nothing to disclose. Dr. Halket has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mlabasati has nothing to disclose. Dr. Toy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ahmed has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gilles has nothing to disclose. Dr. Law has nothing to disclose. Dr. Levine has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Huang, A., Singer, J., Balucani, C., Stefanov, D., Halket, D., Mlabasati, J., Toy, G., Ahmed, A., Gilles, N., Law, S., Levine, S. Tags: Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Source Type: research

Lifestyle Factors and Gender-Specific Risk of Stroke in Adults with Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study
The lifestyle interventions are effective preventive measures for stroke in general population, and the stroke risk with lifestyle factors may be modified by gender, health conditions, etc. Therefore, we conducted a case-control study to investigate the gender-specific association between stroke risk and lifestyle factors in adults with diabetes based on the China National Stroke Screening Survey.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - March 9, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Jian Guo, Tianjia Guan, Ying Shen, Baohua Chao, Mei Li, Longde Wang, Yuanli Liu Source Type: research

Desirable Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels for Preventing Stroke Recurrence Clinical Sciences
Conclusions—The composite risk of stroke and transient ischemic attack reduced in the postrandomized LDL cholesterol level of 80 to 100 mg/dL after adjusting for statin usage.Clinical Trial Registration—URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00221104.
Source: Stroke - March 26, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Naohisa Hosomi, Kazuo Kitagawa, Yoji Nagai, Yoko Nakagawa, Shiro Aoki, Tomohisa Nezu, Tatsuo Kagimura, Hirofumi Maruyama, Hideki Origasa, Kazuo Minematsu, Shinichiro Uchiyama, Masayasu Matsumoto Tags: Lipids and Cholesterol, Secondary Prevention, Treatment Original Contributions Source Type: research

Lifestyle Factors and Gender-Specific Risk of Stroke in Adults with Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study
The lifestyle interventions are effective preventive measures for stroke in general population, and the stroke risk with lifestyle factors may be modified by gender, health conditions, etc. Therefore, we conducted a case-control study to investigate the gender-specific association between stroke risk and lifestyle factors in adults with diabetes based on the China National Stroke Screening Survey.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - March 9, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Jian Guo, Tianjia Guan, Ying Shen, Baohua Chao, Mei Li, Longde Wang, Yuanli Liu Source Type: research

Causal Impact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Clinical Sciences
Conclusions—Our Mendelian randomization study provides evidence to suggest that T2D may be causally associated with CSVD, in particular with lacunar stroke and FA.
Source: Stroke - May 25, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Junfeng Liu, Loes Rutten-Jacobs, Ming Liu, Hugh S. Markus, Matthew Traylor Tags: Genetic, Association Studies, Cerebrovascular Disease/Stroke Original Contributions Source Type: research