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Dysphagia in Neurological Disorders
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771458Dysphagia is a common symptom in many neurologic disorders. Patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia present with difficulties when they start to swallow, often with coughing and choking; whereas patients with esophageal dysphagia describe the feeling that swallowed food stops in the chest. Chronic neurologic diseases such stroke, Parkinson's disease, or dementia often have dysphagia as a symptom, particularly oropharyngeal dysphagia, and the term “neurogenic dysphagia” is often used. A disruption of the sophisticated, integrated sensorimotor swallowing system is usually the main re...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - August 14, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: El Halabi, Maan Arwani, Remy Parkman, Henry P. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Melatonin mitigates type 1 diabetes ‐aggravated cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury through anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic effects
ConclusionsT1DM aggravates CIRI. Melatonin treatment is neuroprotective against CIRI in T1DM rats via anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects.
Source: Brain and Behavior - June 16, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Qian Xu, Raymond Tak Fai Cheung Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Recombinant Human Perlecan DV and Its LG3 Subdomain Are Neuroprotective and Acutely Functionally Restorative in Severe Experimental Ischemic Stroke
AbstractDespite recent therapeutic advancements, ischemic stroke remains a major cause of death and disability. It has been previously demonstrated that  ~ 85-kDa recombinant human perlecan domain V (rhPDV) binds to upregulated integrin receptors (α2β1 and α5β1) associated with neuroprotective and functional improvements in various animal models of acute ischemic stroke. Recombinant human perlecan laminin-like globular domain 3 (rhPDVLG3), a 21-kDa C-terminal subdomain of rhPDV, has been demonstrated to more avidly bind to the α2β1 integrin receptor than its parent molecule and consequently was postulated to evok...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - December 12, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Association of Activities of Daily Living with Body Weight Change 3 Months After Stroke Onset
To investigate the relationship between body weight loss and activities of daily living (ADL) 3 months after stroke onset.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - May 23, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Takuma Mogamiya, Yoshitsugu Omori, Junichi Kawagoe, Takuto Kaneda, Shinya Matsushima, Hidetaka Onodera Source Type: research

Stages and Processes of Change for Weight Loss in Acute Stroke or TIA Patients Living with Obesity
Conclusions: Our re sults suggest that without counseling or specific intervention, approximately two-thirds of stroke/TIA patients living with obesity are in the action or maintenance stage of behavior change with respect to weight loss and therefore more likely to succeed in intensive lifestyle-based interventions ta rgeted towards weight loss. Patients who score higher in EMR and WMA are more likely to be in the action or maintenance stage of change.
Source: Cerebrovascular Diseases Extra - December 10, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Association Between Weight Loss and Activities of Daily Living in Obese and Overweight Patients after Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study
Obesity is an important issue in global health care. Between 1975 and 2016, the proportion of obese individuals in the world nearly tripled. In fact, 39% of adults aged 18 years and older were overweight in 2016 and 13% were obese, using the traditional definition of overweight and obesity, namely, a body mass index (BMI)> 25 kg/m2 and> 30 kg/m2, respectively.1 Obesity is associated with a significant increase in mortality2,3 and the risk of many disorders, including metabolic and cardiovascular disease,4 cancer,5 infection,6 and physical limitations,7 as well as increasing healthcare costs.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - August 19, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Yoji Kokura, Shinta Nishioka Source Type: research

Neuritin improves the neurological functional recovery after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in mice
In this study, ICH was induced in C57BL/6 J mice by injection of collagenase VII, while the overexpression of Nrn in the striatum was induced by an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vector. We found that compared with GFP-ICH mice, Nrn-ICH mice showed improved performance in the corner, cylinder and forelimb tests after ICH, and showed less weight loss and more rapid weight recovery. Overexpression of Nrn reduced brain lesions, edema, neuronal death and white matter and synaptic integrity dysfunction caused by ICH. Western blot results showed that phosphorylated PERK and ATF4 were significantly inhibited, while phos...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - May 31, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Junmei Lu Zhaoyang Li Qianru Zhao Dongdong Liu Yan-Ai Mei Source Type: research

Systematic evaluation during early-phase ischemia predicts outcomes in middle cerebral artery occlusion mice
Identifying outcome predictors for ischemic stroke is beneficial for choosing correct intervention protocols. Thus, it is necessary to systemically evaluate histological outcome-associated changes such as hemodynamics, behavior, and body weight during the early phase of ischemia. Here, 50 mice were subjected to 45-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) using Longa’s method. Hemodynamic changes were monitored by Doppler laser probe, and behaviors were evaluated by scales while the tissues were visualized by staining. The results by correlation analysis demonstrated that with a probe located near the posterior boundar...
Source: NeuroReport - December 8, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: Integrative Systems Source Type: research

Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells harvested from type two diabetes rats promotes neurorestorative effects after stroke in type two diabetes rats.
CONCLUSIONS: T2DM-MSC-Exo treatment for stroke in T2DM rats promotes neurorestorative effects and improves functional outcome. Down regulation of miR-9 expression and increasing its target ABCA1 pathway may contribute partially to T2DM-MSC-Exo treatment induced white matter remodeling and anti-inflammatory responses. PMID: 32889008 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Neurology - August 31, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Venkat P, Zacharek A, Landschoot-Ward J, Wang F, Culmone L, Chen Z, Chopp M, Chen J Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

Creating an appropriate adaptation of a healthy lifestyle intervention for people after stroke.
CONCLUSIONS: Feedback from the diverse group of stakeholders provides the basis for modifying an evidence-based healthy lifestyle intervention to meet the unique needs of people after stroke. Future research efforts should examine the efficacy and effectiveness of the adapted program to prevent weight gain after stroke and reduce the risk of chronic conditions including diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and heart disease. PMID: 32813569 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Brain Injury - August 21, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Inj Source Type: research

Curcumin-loaded nanoemulsion improves haemorrhagic stroke recovery in wistar rats.
Abstract Cerebrovascular diseases are currently a major global health problem. Considering the limitations of current therapy, the search for new alternatives for the treatment of these diseases is necessary and, in this context, curcumin, a molecule that has neuroprotective properties already described in the literature. A limiting factor when considering therapies for the nervous tissue is the presence of the blood-brain barrier which stimulates the search for new drug delivery strategies. In this context, nanoencapsulation seems to be a promising alternative. In this work, we compared the protective effects of ...
Source: Brain Research - July 5, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Marques MS, Cordeiro MF, Marinho MAG, Vian CO, Vaz GR, Alves BS, Jardim RD, Hort MA, Dora CL, Horn AP Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

Stroke Induces Prolonged Changes in Lipid Metabolism, the Liver and Body Composition in Mice
AbstractDuring recovery, stroke patients are at risk of developing long-term complications that impact quality of life, including changes in body weight and composition, depression and anxiety, as well as an increased risk of subsequent vascular events. The aetiologies and time-course of these post-stroke complications have not been extensively studied and are poorly understood. Therefore, we assessed long-term changes in body composition, metabolic markers and behaviour after middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. These outcomes were also studied in the context of obesity, a common stroke co-morbidity proposed to prote...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - December 20, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

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