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Nutrition: Vitamins

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Total 319 results found since Jan 2013.

Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease: From atherosclerosis to myocardial infarction and stroke
There continues to be interest in understanding the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis, epidemiology and prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In fact vitamin D deficiency has been associated to an increased risk of developing CVD given to the relationship between low vitamin D levels and obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. However, although vitamin D has been identified as a potentially important marker of CVD, the mechanisms through which vitamin D deficiency leads from endothelial dysfunction to myocardial infarction and stroke are not fully understood.
Source: International Journal of Cardiology - December 25, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Giovanna Muscogiuri, Cedric Annweiler, Guillaume Duval, Spyridon Karras, Giacomo Tirabassi, Gianmaria Salvio, Giancarlo Balercia, Samantha Kimball, Kalliopi Kotsa, Luca Mascitelli, Harjit Pal Bhattoa, Annamaria Colao Tags: Review Source Type: research

How I use anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and conveys a significant risk of morbidity and mortality due to related stroke and systemic embolism. Oral anticoagulation (OAC) is the mainstay of thromboembolism prevention, and management of anticoagulation can be challenging. For patients without significant valvular disease, decisions around anticoagulation therapy are first based on the presence of additional stroke risk factors, as measured by the CHA2DS2-VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75, diabetes, prior stroke or transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age 65–74, and sex c...
Source: Blood - December 21, 2016 Category: Hematology Authors: Steinberg, B. A. Tags: How I Treat, Free Research Articles, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Source Type: research

The relationship between dietary intake and other cardiovascular risk factors with blood pressure in individuals without a history of a cardiovascular event: Evidence based study with 5670 subjects
Conclusion In our representative population from North-Eastern Iran, it appears that in adults without a history of cardiovascular disease, crude or energy adjusted intake of phosphorus and total fatty acid intake were significant determinants of BP, however we found no association between sodium and potassium intake with BP.
Source: Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews - December 9, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Atrial fibrillation management in older heart failure patients: a complex clinical problem.
CONCLUSIONS: Large multicenter longitudinal studies are needed to examine the effects of VKAs and NOACs on long-term cognitive function and frailty; future studies should include geriatric conditions. PMID: 27924216 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Heart International - December 9, 2016 Category: Cardiology Tags: Heart Int Source Type: research

The physiological/pathophysiological significance of Vitamin D in cancer, cardiovascular disorders and beyond.
Abstract Vitamin D, a molecular precursor of the potent steroid hormone calcitriol, has a crucial functions and roles in physiology and pathophysiology. Tellingly, Calcitriol has been shown to regulate various cellular signalling networks and cascades that have crucial role in cancer biology and diagnostics. Mounting lines of evidences from previous clinical and preclinical investigations indicate that the deficiency of vitamin D may contribute to the carcinogenesis risk. Concomitantly, recent reports suggested that significant reduction in the cancer occurrence and progression is more likely to appear after vitam...
Source: Current Drug Metabolism - December 6, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: AlMatar M, AlMandeal H, Makky EA, Kayar B, Yarar E, Var I, Köksal F Tags: Curr Drug Metab Source Type: research

Atrial appendage occlusion for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation
In the developed countries, stroke is an important cause of mortality and disability. Cardioembolism is the most frequent cause of ischaemic stroke, in the presence of atrial fibrillation (AF).1 AF is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in the general population and its prevalence increases with age; the lifetime risk of AF development is 25% in people over 40 years old.2 Anticoagulation has been established as an effective treatment strategy for stroke prevention in patients with AF and risk factors for stroke.3 The new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) seem to be similarly efficacious compared with vitamin K antagonists (V...
Source: Heart - November 24, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Swaans, M. J., Boersma, L. V. A. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Echocardiography, Hypertension, Interventional cardiology, Clinical diagnostic tests, Epidemiology Editorials Source Type: research

Cost Effectiveness of Apixaban versus Warfarin or Aspirin for Stroke Prevention in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Greek Perspective
ConclusionsBased on the present analysis, apixaban represents a cost-effective treatment option versus warfarin and aspirin for the prevention of stroke in patients with AF from a Greek healthcare payer perspective over a lifetime horizon.
Source: American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs - November 22, 2016 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Folic acid supplementation and chronic kidney disease progression
In contrast to prior studies demonstrating no benefit or even increased harm from B vitamin supplementation in patients with chronic kidney disease, a large randomized trial from China recently demonstrated small but statistically significant reductions in the risk of first stroke and chronic kidney disease progression with the addition of folic acid to enalapril in adults with hypertension. Differences in the study population and study intervention may explain these discordant results.
Source: Kidney International - November 21, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Christina M. Wyatt, J. David Spence Tags: Nephrology Digest Source Type: research

Pre-treatment clinical assessment in head and neck cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines.
Authors: Robson A, Sturman J, Williamson P, Conboy P, Penney S, Wood H Abstract This is the official guideline endorsed by the specialty associations involved in the care of head and neck cancer patients in the UK. This paper provides recommendations on the pre-treatment clinical assessment of patients presenting with head and neck cancer. Recommendations • Comorbidity data should be collected as it is important in the analysis of survival, quality of life and functional outcomes after treatment as well as for comparing results of different treatment regimens and different centres. (R) • Patients with hypertens...
Source: Journal of Laryngology and Otology - November 15, 2016 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: J Laryngol Otol Source Type: research

Stroke and death in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation in Japan compared with the United Kingdom
Conclusions Elderly (age ≥75 years) patients with AF in both Japan and the UK are at similarly high risk of stroke and death, with OAC still underused in both populations. Ethnicity was not independently associated with the risk of stroke, regardless of OAC use or non-use.
Source: Heart - November 10, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Senoo, K., An, Y., Ogawa, H., Lane, D. A., Wolff, A., Shantsila, E., Akao, M., Lip, G. Y. H. Tags: Drugs: cardiovascular system, Heart failure, Hypertension, Epidemiology, Diabetes, Metabolic disorders Health care delivery, economics and global health care Source Type: research

Is an Oral Anticoagulant Necessary for Young Atrial Fibrillation Patients With a CHA2DS2-VASc Score of 1 (Men) or 2 (Women)? Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology
ConclusionsFor atrial fibrillation patients aged 20 to 49 years with 1 risk factor in addition to sex, non–vitamin K antagonist OACs should be considered for stroke prevention to minimize the risk of a potentially fatal or disabling event.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - October 3, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Hung, Y., Chao, T.-F., Liu, C.-J., Tuan, T.-C., Lin, Y.-J., Chang, S.-L., Lo, L.-W., Hu, Y.-F., Liao, J.-N., Chung, F.-P., Lin, W.-Y., Lin, W.-S., Cheng, S.-M., Chen, T.-J., Lip, G. Y. H., Chen, S.-A. Tags: Atrial Fibrillation Original Research Source Type: research

Does Deficiency of Vitamin D Increase New Onset Atrial Fibrillation after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery?
CONCLUSION: This study has shown that deficiency of vitamin D is associated with new onset AF post-CABG surgery. PMID: 27585197 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Heart Surgery Forum - September 2, 2016 Category: Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Authors: Emren SV, Aldemir M, Ada F Tags: Heart Surg Forum Source Type: research

Associations of blood pressure, sunlight, and vitamin D in community-dwelling adults
Conclusion: We conclude that although 25(OH)D concentration is inversely associated with SBP, it did not explain the association of greater sunlight exposure with lower BP.
Source: Journal of Hypertension - August 5, 2016 Category: Cardiology Tags: ORIGINAL PAPERS: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Estrogens and Coronary Artery Disease: New Clinical Perspectives.
Abstract In premenopausal women, endogenous estrogens are associated with reduced prevalence of arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Clinical trials conducted in the 1990s such as HERS, WHI, and WISDOM have shown that postmenopausal treatment with horse hormone mixtures (so-called conjugated equine estrogens) and synthetic progestins adversely affects female cardiovascular health. Our understanding of rapid (nongenomic) and chronic (genomic) estrogen signaling has since advanced considerably, including identification of a new G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER),...
Source: Advances in Pharmacology - July 29, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Meyer MR, Barton M Tags: Adv Pharmacol Source Type: research

Improved persistence with non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: recent Australian experience.
CONCLUSIONS: Persistence with NOAC drugs in patients with AF appears to be superior to warfarin. If continued long-term, this alone will be of clinical importance in the prevention of stroke and death. PMID: 27463735 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current Medical Research and Opinion - July 29, 2016 Category: Research Tags: Curr Med Res Opin Source Type: research