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Total 263 results found since Jan 2013.

Kidney Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Induces Changes in the Drug Transporter Expression at the Blood –Brain Barrier in vivo and in vitro
Ischemia/reperfusion injury is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is characterized by a sudden decrease in kidney function, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysregulation of the sodium, potassium, and water channels. While AKI leads to uremic encephalopathy, epidemiological studies have shown that AKI is associated with a subsequent risk for developing stroke and dementia. To get more insights into kidney–brain crosstalk, we have created an in vitro co-culture model based on human kidney cells of the proximal tubule (HK-2) and brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC). The HK-2 cell line was g...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - November 12, 2020 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Long Non-Coding KCNQ1OT1 Promotes Oxygen-Glucose-Deprivation/Reoxygenation-Induced Neurons Injury Through Regulating MIR-153-3p/FOXO3 Axis
In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of LncRNA-Potassium Voltage-Gated Channel Subfamily Q Member 1 opposite strand/antisense transcript 1 (KCNQ1OT1) in cerebral I/R induced neuronal injury, and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: Primary mouse cerebral cortical neurons treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) in vitro and mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion were used to mimic cerebral I/R injury.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - August 11, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Hua-Jun Wang, Xia-Lin Tang, Gan Huang, Ying-Bin Li, Rui-Huan Pan, Jie Zhan, Ye-Kun Wu, Jian-Feng Liang, Xiao-xin Bai, Jun Cai Source Type: research

Sodium Fluctuations in Astroglia and Their Potential Impact on Astrocyte Function
Astrocytes are the main cell type responsible for the regulation of brain homeostasis, including the maintenance of ion gradients and neurotransmitter clearance. These processes are tightly coupled to changes in the intracellular sodium (Na+) concentration. While activation of the sodium-potassium-ATPase (NKA) in response to an elevation of extracellular K+ may decrease intracellular Na+, the cotransport of transmitters, such as glutamate, together with Na+ results in an increase in astrocytic Na+. This increase in intracellular Na+ can modulate, for instance, metabolic downstream pathways. Thereby, astrocytes are capable ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - August 11, 2020 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Low serum potassium levels are associated with the risk of atrial fibrillation.
CONCLUSION: We found that low serum potassium levels of less than 3.5 mmol/l are associted with increased risk of AF. PMID: 32723154 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Acta Cardiologica - July 30, 2020 Category: Cardiology Tags: Acta Cardiol Source Type: research

Premature Stroke Secondary to Severe Hypertension Results from Liddle Syndrome Caused by a Novel SCNN1B Mutation
Conclusions:We identified a novelSCNN1B mutation (c.1849C#x3e;A) in a family affected by LS. Patients with LS, especially those with severe hypertension, should be alert for the occurrence of premature stroke. Timely diagnosis using genetic testing and tailored treatment with amiloride can help LS patients to avoid severe complications.Kidney Blood Press Res
Source: Kidney and Blood Pressure Research - July 22, 2020 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Electrophysiological effects of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants on atrial repolarizing potassium channels
Conclusion  Apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban did not exhibit direct functional interactions with human atrial K+ channels underlyingIKr,IKur,Ito,IK1, andIK2P currents that could account for beneficial clinical outcome associated with the drugs. Indirect or chronic effects and potential underlying signalling mechanisms remain to be investigated.
Source: Europace - July 17, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Potassium binders for chronic hyperkalaemia in people with chronic kidney disease.
CONCLUSIONS: Evidence supporting clinical decision-making for different potassium binders to treat chronic hyperkalaemia in adults with CKD is of low certainty; no studies were identified in children. Available studies have not been designed to measure treatment effects on clinical outcomes such as cardiac arrhythmias or major GI symptoms. This review suggests the need for a large, adequately powered study of potassium binders versus placebo that assesses clinical outcomes of relevance to patients, clinicians and policy-makers. This data could be used to assess cost-effectiveness, given the lack of definitive studies and t...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - June 25, 2020 Category: General Medicine Authors: Natale P, Palmer SC, Ruospo M, Saglimbene VM, Strippoli GF Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Interleukin-18 from neurons and microglia mediates depressive behaviors in mice with post-stroke depression.
In this study, we demonstrate that in IL-18 level in the ischemic brain significantly increased in mice with depression-like behaviors that caused by the combined use of chronic spatial restraint stress and middle cerebral artery occlusion. Interestingly, IL-18 expression was mainly found in neurons at early phase and in microglia in late phase. Injection of exogenous IL-18 in to the amygdala, but not the hippocampus or the striatum, caused severe depression-like behaviors. On the contrary, the blockage of endogenous IL-18 by IL-18 binding protein, a specific antagonist of IL-18, rescued depressive phenotypes in SIR mice. ...
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - April 5, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Wu D, Zhang G, Zhao C, Yang Y, Miao Z, Xu X Tags: Brain Behav Immun Source Type: research

Relationship Between Electrical Instability and Pumping Performance During Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia: Computational Study
There are representative electrical parameters for understanding the mechanism of reentrant waves in studies on tachyarrhythmia, namely the action potential duration (APD), dominant frequency, phase singularity, and filament. However, there are no studies that have directly identified the correlation between these electrophysiological parameters and cardiac contractility. Therefore, we have identified individual and integrative correlations between these electrical phenomena and contractility during tachyarrhythmia by deriving regression equations and also investigated the electrophysiological parameters affecting cardiac ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - March 23, 2020 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Admission glucose level was associated with increased short-term mortality and length-of-stay irrespective of diagnosis, treating medical specialty or concomitant laboratory values.
CONCLUSIONS: Short-term mortality increased substantially with admission hypo- and hyperglycemia for patients both with and without diabetes, irrespective of treating medical specialty, main discharge diagnosis, or concurrent laboratory values. Patients with diabetes (16%) were older, with higher glucose levels at admission, and with a different pattern of the association of admission glucose and mortality. PMID: 31982283 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: European Journal of Internal Medicine - January 21, 2020 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Björk M, Melin EO, Frisk T, Thunander M Tags: Eur J Intern Med Source Type: research

Chemogenetics-mediated acute inhibition of excitatory neuronal activity improves stroke outcome.
CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that acute inhibition of a subset of excitatory neurons after ischemic stroke can prevent brain injury and improve functional outcome. This study, together with the previous work in optogenetic neuronal modulation during the chronic phase of stroke, supports the notion that targeting neuronal activity is a promising strategy in stroke therapy. PMID: 31962128 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Experimental Neurology - January 17, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Wang YC, Galeffi F, Wang W, Li X, Lu L, Sheng H, Hoffmann U, Turner DA, Yang W Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

Interim effects of salt substitution on urinary electrolytes and blood pressure in the China Salt Substitute and Stroke Study (SSaSS)
Publication date: Available online 7 January 2020Source: American Heart JournalAuthor(s): Liping Huang, Maoyi Tian, Jie Yu, Qiang Li, Yishu Liu, Xuejun Yin, Jason HY Wu, Matti Marklund, Yangfeng Wu, Nicole Li, Paul Elliot, Lijing L. Yan, Darwin R. Labarthe, Zhixin Hao, Jingpu Shi, Xiangxian Feng, Jianxin Zhang, Yuhong Zhang, Ruijuan Zhang, Bo ZhouAbstractThe Salt Substitute and Stroke Study is an ongoing 5-year large-scale cluster randomized trial investigating the effects of potassium-enriched salt substitute compared to usual salt on the risk of stroke. The study involves 600 villages and 20,996 individuals in rural Chin...
Source: American Heart Journal - January 7, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

The Potassium SK Channel Activator NS309 Protects Against Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury Through Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Mechanisms
Neuroinflammation plays important roles in neuronal cell death and functional deficits after TBI. Small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SK) have been shown to be potential therapeutic targets for treatment of neurological disorders, such as stroke and Parkinson’s disease (PD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of SK channels in an animal model of TBI induced by controlled cortical impact (CCI). The SK channels activator NS309 at a concentration of 2 mg/kg was administered by intraperitoneal injection, and no obviously organ-related toxicity of NS309 was found in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Tr...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - November 28, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Changes in electrolyte concentrations alter the impedance during ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat brain
In this study, changes in the bio-impedance spectroscopy using a two-electrode method with varying frequencies from 100 to 35  kHz have been assessed in a model of global cerebral ischemia in anesthetized rats during normal, occlusion and reperfusion conditions. Global cerebral ischemia was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 40  min following 40 min of reperfusion. The concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride ions in the whole rat brain was determined by electrolyte analyzer. For the interpretation of in vivo results, changes in electrical impedance with varying concentrati...
Source: Physiological Measurement - October 29, 2019 Category: Physiology Authors: Gaurav Kumar, Uvanesh Kasiviswanathan, Sumedha Mukherjee, Sanjeev Kumar Mahto, Neeraj Sharma and Ranjana Patnaik Source Type: research

Hyperkalemia in heart failure patients in Spain and its impact on guidelines and recommendations: ESC-EORP-HFA Heart Failure Long-Term Registry
ConclusionsThis study highlights the magnitude of the problem of hyperkalemia in patients with heart failure in everyday clinical practice and the need to improve monitoring of this factor in these patients due to its interference with the possibility of receiving optimal treatment.ResumenIntroducción y objetivosLa hiperpotasemia es una preocupación creciente en el tratamiento de los pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca y fracción de eyección reducida, pues limita el uso de fármacos eficaces. Este trabajo ofrece estimaciones de la magnitud de este problema en la práctica clínica habitual en España, los cambios en l...
Source: Revista Espanola de Cardiologia - October 29, 2019 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research