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Infectious Disease: HIV AIDS

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Total 62 results found since Jan 2013.

The continuous performance test aids the diagnosis of post-stroke cognitive impairment in patients with right hemisphere damage
ConclusionThe CPT may be helpful in the clinical diagnosis of PSCI with RHD. It may therefore be used to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive interventions.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - June 28, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Evaluating the performance of the PRISMA-7 frailty criteria for predicting disability and death after acute ischemic stroke
Stroke is the second cause of death and disability in the world, affecting close to 14 million people globally per year and being responsible for around 120 million disability-adjusted life years.1,2 More deaths occur worldwide because of stroke than AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria combined.3 Therefore, being able to identify which individuals with stroke are at highest risk of poor function and mortality is critically important given the need for weighing the risks, costs, and benefits of interventions during various shared decision-making processes.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - October 22, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Luana Aparecida Miranda, Gustavo Jos é Luvizutto, Blossom Christa Maree Stephan, Juli Thomaz de Souza, Taís Regina da Silva, Fernanda Cristina Winckler, Natalia Cristina Ferreira, Leticia Claudia de Oliveira Antunes, Pedro Augusto Cândido Bessornia, Si Source Type: research

ASPECT Score and Its Application to Vasospasm in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: a Case –Control Study
AbstractDelayed cerebral ischaemia (DCI) is a significant complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) and is strongly associated with poorer outcome. The Alberta Stroke Program Early Computer Tomography (ASPECT) score is an established scoring tool, used in acute ischaemic stroke, to quantify early ischaemic changes on CT head scans. We aim to identify if ASPECT scoring correlates with functional outcome in DCI following aSAH. Retrospective case –control study. Inclusion criteria: admission to the Department of Neurosurgery at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust (a tertiary neurosurgical centre in the Unite...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 9, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Progressive Small-Vessel Strokes Following Antiretroviral Therapy in a Patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which primarily infects CD4+ T-cells and microglia/macrophages, causes cognitive, memory-related, behavioral, and motor dysfunctions, collectively known as HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disease (HAND),1 which typically occurs among patients with chronic HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with low CD4+ T-cell levels and high plasma viral loads. The introduction of combinational antiretroviral therapy (cART) has significantly improved the survival rate and quality of life of patients with HIV/AIDS.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - March 2, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Tomoya Shibahara, Kuniyuki Nakamura, Daisuke Abe, Naoki Tagawa, Yoshinobu Wakisaka, Takanari Kitazono, Tetsuro Ago Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Time-Based Decision Making for Reperfusion in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Decision making in the extended time windows for acute ischemic stroke can be a complex and time-consuming process. The process of making the clinical decision to treat has been compounded by the availability of different imaging modalities. In the setting of acute ischemic stroke, time is of the essence and chances of a good outcome diminish by each passing minute. Navigating the plethora of advanced imaging modalities means that treatment in some cases can be inefficaciously delayed. Time delays and individually based non-programmed decision making can prove challenging for clinicians. Visual aids can assist such decisio...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - November 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

End-of-Life Care Decision-Making in Stroke
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability in the United States. Though advances in interventions have improved patient survival after stroke, prognostication of long-term functional outcomes remains challenging, thereby complicating discussions of treatment goals. Stroke patients who require intensive care unit care often do not have the capacity themselves to participate in decision making processes, a fact that further complicates potential end-of-life care discussions after the immediate post-stroke period. Establishing clear, consistent communication with surrogates through shared decision-m...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - September 28, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Criteria for Emergency Brain MRI During Stroke-Alert
Intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) should be given to patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and avoided in stroke mimics (SM). Select use of emergency brain magnetic resonance imaging (eMRI-brain) in stroke-alerts aids diagnosis, but accepted utilization criteria for eMRI-brain do not currently exist. We developed criteria for eMRI-brain and report the yield of eMRI-brain in stroke-alert patients.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - June 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Evgeny Sidorov, Courtney Iser, Nidhi Kapoor, Bappaditya Ray, Juliane Chainakul, Chao Xu, Andrei V. Alexandrov, David Lee Gordon Source Type: research

To Decompress or Not? An Expected Utility Inspired Approach To Shared decision-making For Supratentorial Ischemic Stroke
AbstractPatients with large territorial supratentorial infarctions are at high risk of cerebral edema, increased intracranial pressure, tissue herniation and death. There is strong evidence supporting prompt decompressive craniectomy after large hemispheric ischemic stroke as a means to reduce mortality. Nevertheless, functional outcomes can vary significantly. Clinical trials have traditionally judged these outcomes by a priori dichotomization without taking into account individual patient and caregiver preferences. If these are not incorporated into shared decision-making, there are significant risks in both directions, ...
Source: Neurocritical Care - February 18, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Prognosis of Neurological Improvement in Inpatient Acute Ischemic Stroke Survivors: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Stroke has become a national concern in China. Early prediction of stroke benefits patients and aids medical professionals in clinical decision making and rehabilitation plans to improve successful outcomes. To identify prediction factors influencing short-term outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - November 14, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Qian Wu, Ai-Jie Tang, Li Zeng, Shu-Zhen Niu, Mei-Mei Tian, Ai-Ping Jin, Hong-Yan Yang, Jing-Juan Chen, Zhu Xiao-ping, Yan Shi Source Type: research

Neurological complications of hepatitis C infections.
Abstract Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a highly prevalent systemic disease, which can cause a variety of neurological complications. The HCV-associated symptoms can be differentiated into central and peripheral nervous systems as well as the musculature. Important pathomechanisms are HCV-associated autoimmunity (e.g. mixed cryoglobulinemia with polyneuropathy) and direct neurotoxic effects of the virus (e.g. HCV-associated cognitive deficits). Distal symmetric polyneuropathies, small fiber neuropathies and cognitive deficits are the most prevalent neurological manifestations. Furthermore, HCV infe...
Source: Der Nervenarzt - September 30, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Kleefeld F, Arendt G, Neuen-Jacob E, Maschke M, Husstedt I, Obermann M, Schmidt H, Hahn K, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neuro-AIDS und Neuro-Infektiologie (DGNANI) Tags: Nervenarzt Source Type: research

Can Mindfulness-Based Interventions Benefit People with Dementia? Drawing on The Evidence from a Systematic Review in Populations with Cognitive Impairments.
Authors: Chan J, Leung DKY, Walton H, Wong GHY, Spector A Abstract INTRODUCTION: Non-pharmacological interventions that promote quality of life in people with dementia are urgently needed. To accelerate development, evidence-based psychotherapies used in other populations can be considered. Mindfulness-based interventions with standardised protocols, namely mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), may be effective in people with dementia, although tailoring for cognitive impairment may be needed. Evidence from other cognitive disorders can inform research. AREAS COVE...
Source: Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics - August 28, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: Expert Rev Neurother Source Type: research

Endothelial Progenitor Cells Induce Angiogenesis: a Potential Mechanism Underlying Neovascularization in Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis
AbstractEncephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) is one of the most commonly used indirect vascular reconstruction methods. EDAS aids in the formation of collateral vessels from the extracranial to the intracranial circulation in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD). However, the underlying mechanism of collateral vessel formation is not well understood. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) differentiate to form the vascular endothelial cells and play a very important role in angiogenesis. We designed this prospective clinical trial to investigate the presence of EPCs in patients with MMD and to explore the neovascularization...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 5, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Physical therapists' perspectives on improving walking capacity in patients with stroke: a cross-sectional study from Saudi Arabia.
CONCLUSION: Variable responses from different sectors according to qualification, experience, and institution were observed among the physical therapists in Saudi Arabia for improving the walking capacity in patients after Stroke. PMID: 32481238 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Journal of Musculoskeletal Neuronal Interactions - June 4, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact Source Type: research

Detailed phenotyping of posterior vs. anterior circulation ischemic stroke: a multi-center MRI study
ConclusionIschemic stroke subtypes differ between the two phenotypes. Diabetes and male sex have a stronger association with PCiS than ACiS. Definitive MRI-based PCiS diagnosis aids etiological investigation and contributes additional insights into specific risk factors and mechanisms of injury in PCiS.
Source: Journal of Neurology - November 10, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Comparison of Risk Scores for the Prediction of the Overall Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Ischemic Stroke: The Athens Stroke Registry
Stratification of overall vascular risk in patients with ischemic stroke is important as it may guide management decisions. Currently available schemes have only modest prognostic accuracy. The TRA2 °P score aids in vascular risk stratification in patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI).
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - October 24, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Georgios Georgiopoulos, George Ntaios, Kimon Stamatelopoulos, Efstathios Manios, Eleni Korompoki, Evangelia Vemmou, Haralampos Milionis, Stefano Masi, Gregory Y.H. Lip, Konstantinos Vemmos Source Type: research