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Using Dental Pulp Stem Cells for Stroke Therapy
Conclusion and Future Perspectives Stem cell-based therapy is a promising alternative for stroke treatment. While stem cells from different sources, including induced PSC, ESC, MSC, and NSC, have been investigated, using NSC and enhancing the natural mechanisms is most appropriate for brain repair. In preclinical models of stroke, stem cell transplantation has led to positive outcomes through a variety of cellular and molecular mechanisms, many being mediated by the array of beneficial factors produced by the cells. Recent advances in cellular reprogramming have provided alternative sources of NSC to be investigated, allo...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 28, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

NIBS to restore visual field deficit
Not surprisingly, the loss of visual function has a dramatic impact on an individuals quality of life and independence. Cortical visual field deficit is a well-known complication of stroke, with an incidence reported as at least 20% in stroke stroke patients. Traditional rehabilitation approaches include optical aids, eye training or visual field restitution therapies. All these techniques have shown large limitations in reducing scotoma and provide an insufficient amount of improvement transferable to the every-day life.
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - January 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: E. Raffin Source Type: research

Pivotal pathogenic and biomarker role of Chlamydia Pneumoniae in neurovascular diseases.
Abstract Chlamydia pneumoniae(C.Pn) is an obligatory intracellular bacterium that is associated with respiratory tract infections like pneumonia, pharyngitis and bronchitis. It has also been implicated in cerebrovascular (stroke) as well as cardiovascular diseases. The most possible pathway via which C.Pn elicits its pathogenesis could be via activation of human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation resulting in the stimulation of toll like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and/or phospho-44/42(p44/p42) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). It is also established that tyrosine phosphorylation of IQ domain GTPase...
Source: Current Neurovascular Research - July 17, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Richard SA Tags: Curr Neurovasc Res Source Type: research

The history of basilar artery occlusion: when art aids science
ABSTRACT Basilar artery occlusion (BAO) ischemic stroke is a relatively rare condition with high morbidity and mortality rates. To date, the best acute reperfusion therapy for BAO has still not been established, mainly due to the lack of randomized controlled trials in this field. In this article, we review the history of BAO diagnosis and treatment, and the impact of modern technological resources on the clinical evolution and prognosis of BAO over time. Furthermore, we describe historical events and nonmedical literature descriptions related to BAO. We conclude that BAO is a singular example of how art may help medical s...
Source: Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria - June 7, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Impact of General Practitioner Transient Ischemic Attack Training on 90-Day Stroke Outcomes: Secondary Analysis of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Many patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) receive initial assessments by general practitioners (GPs) who may lack TIA management experience. In a randomized controlled trial (RCT), we showed that electronic decision support for GPs improves patient outcomes and guideline adherence. Some stroke services prefer to improve referrer expertise through TIA/stroke education sessions instead of promoting TIA decision aids or triaging tools. This is a secondary analysis of whether a GP education session influenced TIA management and outcomes.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - March 30, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Annemarei Ranta, Susan Dovey, John Gommans, Murray Tilyard, Mark Weatherall Source Type: research

Chapter 15 HIV infection and stroke
Publication date: 2018 Source:Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Volume 152 Author(s): Laura Benjamin, Saye Khoo The landscape of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is changing with the increasing coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Patients are living longer but continually exposed to a virologically suppressed HIV infection. This has resulted in a decrease in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complications such as opportunistic infections, and an increase in non-AIDS complications such as stroke. In this era, stroke is perhaps the most important neurologic complication of HIV infection. Fur...
Source: Handbook of Clinical Neurology - March 29, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Inclusion body myositis and human immunodeficiency virus type 1: A new case report and literature review
Neurological involvement in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection are frequent and include: peripheral neuropathy, central nervous system infections, neoplasms, stroke and myopathies [1]. Prevalence of muscle disease in HIV infection is low, found in less than 1% of patients with AIDS, and myopathy may occur at any stage of immunosuppression. Many neuromuscular disorders are described in HIV infected patients: polymyositis, myopathy induced by nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) such as zidovudine, muscle opportunistic infections of skeletal muscle tissue, such as toxoplasmosis, HIV associated ...
Source: Neuromuscular Disorders - January 10, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Priscille Couture, Edoardo Malfatti, Genevi ève Morau, Alexis Mathian, Fleur Cohen-Aubart, Hubert Nielly, Zahir Amoura, Patrick Cherin Tags: Case report Source Type: research

Visual Aids for Patient, Family, and Physician Decision Making About Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke Clinical Sciences
Conclusions—Visual decision aids are now available to rapidly educate healthcare providers, patients, and families about benefits and risks of endovascular thrombectomy, both when added to IV tPA in tPA-eligible patients and as the sole reperfusion treatment in tPA-ineligible patients.
Source: Stroke - December 22, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Ivie Tokunboh, Marta Vales Montero, Matheus Fellipe Zopelaro Almeida, Latisha Sharma, Sidney Starkman, Viktor Szeder, Reza Jahan, David Liebeskind, Nestor Gonzalez, Andrew Demchuk, Michael T. Froehler, Mayank Goyal, Maarten G. Lansberg, Helmi Lutsep, Lee Tags: Ischemia, Revascularization, Treatment, Quality and Outcomes, Ischemic Stroke Original Contributions Source Type: research

Factors Mediating Outcome After Stroke: Gender, Thrombolysis, and Their Interaction
AbstractSeveral studies, but not all, have shown that women benefit more from intravenous thrombolysis than men; few have accounted for pre-stroke mobility. Our aim was to determine whether there was an interaction between gender and thrombolysis treatment in 3-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, after adjusting for pre-stroke mobility. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 1390 consecutive ischemic stroke patients admitted between October 2012 and July 2015. The 3-month mRS was obtained from clinic visits. Thrombolysis-by-gender interaction was evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses using ordinal ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 24, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Fidelity to a motivational interviewing intervention for those with post-stroke aphasia: a small-scale feasibility study.
This study aimed to explore the feasibility of motivational interviewing (MI) in people with post-stroke aphasia. METHODS: In a small-scale feasibility study, consecutive patients admitted to an acute stroke ward were screened for eligibility. People with moderate to severe aphasia were eligible. Those consenting received an intervention consisting of up to eight MI sessions delivered twice per week over four weeks. Sessions were modified using aids and adaptations for aphasia. Session quality was measured using the Motivational Interviewing Skills Code (MISC) to assess MI fidelity. RESULTS: Three consenting pati...
Source: Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation - September 27, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Holland EJ, Watkins CL, Boaden E, Lightbody CE Tags: Top Stroke Rehabil Source Type: research

Visual Aids for Improving Patient Decision Making in Severe Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis
Because of the large amount of information to process and the limited time of a clinical consult, choosing between carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid angioplasty with stenting (CAS) can be confusing for patients with severe symptomatic internal carotid stenosis (ICA).
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - August 7, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Sebastian Fridman, Gustavo Saposnik, Luciano A. Sposato Source Type: research

Incidence of Stroke in the US Centers for AIDS Research (CFAR) Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) Cohort (S51.008)
Conclusions:In this large study of neurologist adjudicated stroke in a HIV cohort, the AS stroke incidence rate was 337.7. The stroke rate was higher in women, African-Americans and older ages. These incidence data, combined with additional risk factor analyses, and comparisons with non-HIV cohorts, will allow better understanding of stroke in HIV, with the ultimate goal of improved outcomes.Study Supported by: NIAID, NHLBI (5R24AI067039) and AHA (13GRNT14560022)Disclosure: Dr. Tirschwell has received research support from St. Jude Medical and Bayer. Dr. Chow has nothing to disclose. Dr. Becker has received personal compen...
Source: Neurology - April 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Tirschwell, D., Chow, F., Becker, K., Marra, C., Zunt, J., Ho, E., Kalani, R., Huffer, A., Nance, R., Williams-Nguyen, J., Burkholder, G., Moore, R., Mathews, W., Eron, J., Drozd, D., Kitahata, M., Saag, M., Crane, H. Tags: Cerebrovascular Disease and Interventional Neurology: Stroke Prevention and Translation Source Type: research

Developing a Family of Visual Decision Aids for Intravenous and Endovascular Reperfusion Therapies for Acute Ischemic Stroke (S25.006)
Conclusions:Personograph visual decision aids are a promising approach to rapidly educating patients, family, and healthcare providers on the benefits and risks of the major reperfusion therapies for acute ischemic stroke.Disclosure: Dr. Tokunboh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Vales Montero has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zopelaro has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sharma has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gonzalez has received research support from NIH. Dr. Starkman has received research support from the National Institute of Health, Stryker, Biogen IDEC, Neuravi, Genentech, Covidien, and Astra-Zeneca. Dr. Szeder has nothing to disclose. ...
Source: Neurology - April 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Tokunboh, I., Montero, M. V., Zopelaro, M., Sharma, L., Gonzalez, N., Starkman, S., Szeder, V., Jahan, R., Liebeskind, D., Saver, J. Tags: Cerebrovascular Disease and Interventional Neurology: Prehospital and Emergency Department Ischemic Stroke Care Source Type: research

Post-Stroke Disability at a National Referral Hospital in Tanzania (P3.322)
Conclusions:In this low-resource setting, individuals with stroke face a severe burden of disability and high risk of mortality. The majority of participants experienced severe deficits following stroke, as assessed through NIHSS and mRS. While this study may be limited by referral bias, the high toll of disability among this population suggests that post-stroke disability places a significant burden on Tanzanian families and society.Study Supported by:This abstract was made possible with help from the Harvard University Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), an NIH funded program (P30 AI060354), subgrant to F. Mateen.Disclosure...
Source: Neurology - April 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Wibecan, L., Mmbando, T., Grundy, S., Klein, J., Mateen, F., Okengo, K. Tags: Global Health Source Type: research

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