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Infectious Disease: HIV AIDS

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Total 459 results found since Jan 2013.

Brain CT perfusion improves intracranial vessel occlusion detection on CT angiography
ConclusionThe performance of intracranial vessel occlusion detection on CTA was improved with the availability of brain CT perfusion maps due to the improved detection of distal and posterior circulation vessel occlusions.
Source: Journal of Neuroradiology - July 10, 2018 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Pivotal pathogenic and biomarker role of Chlamydia Pneumoniae in neurovascular diseases.
Abstract Chlamydia pneumoniae(C.Pn) is an obligatory intracellular bacterium that is associated with respiratory tract infections like pneumonia, pharyngitis and bronchitis. It has also been implicated in cerebrovascular (stroke) as well as cardiovascular diseases. The most possible pathway via which C.Pn elicits its pathogenesis could be via activation of human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation resulting in the stimulation of toll like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and/or phospho-44/42(p44/p42) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). It is also established that tyrosine phosphorylation of IQ domain GTPase...
Source: Current Neurovascular Research - July 17, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Richard SA Tags: Curr Neurovasc Res Source Type: research

Role of pre-stroke immunity in ischemic stroke mechanism among patients with  HIV
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Source: AIDS Care - August 21, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jose Gutierrez Camilla Ingrid Hatleberg Henry Evans Michael T. Yin Source Type: research

HIV and Cardiovascular Disease: Update on Clinical Events, Special Populations, and Novel Biomarkers
The objective of this review is to provide an update on the link between HIV infection and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We will focus our review mainly on literature describing clinical CVD events and understudied topics of importance.Recent FindingsHeart failure, peripheral artery disease, and stroke are CVD modalities deserving more attention in the context of HIV infection in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. Incidence data on clinical CVD from HIV populations in low- and middle-income countries are limited. Multisubstance use is common in HIV, but understudied as a moderator or mediator of the association ...
Source: Current HIV/AIDS Reports - June 1, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Perlecan regulates pericyte dynamics in the maintenance and repair of the blood-brain barrier
Ischemic stroke causes blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown due to significant damage to the integrity of BBB components. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of pericytes in the repair process of BBB functions triggered by PDGFRβ up-regulation. Here, we show that perlecan, a major heparan sulfate proteoglycan of basement membranes, aids in BBB maintenance and repair through pericyte interactions. Using a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model, we found larger infarct volumes and more BBB leakage in conditional perlecan (Hspg2)-deficient (Hspg2–/–-TG) mice than in control mice. Con...
Source: Journal of Cell Biology - October 6, 2019 Category: Cytology Authors: Nakamura, K., Ikeuchi, T., Nara, K., Rhodes, C. S., Zhang, P., Chiba, Y., Kazuno, S., Miura, Y., Ago, T., Arikawa-Hirasawa, E., Mukouyama, Y.-s., Yamada, Y. Tags: Disease, Cell Signaling, Migration, Motility, Neuroscience Articles Source Type: research

An Omnidirectional Assistive Platform Integrated With Functional Electrical Stimulation for Gait Rehabilitation: A Case Study
This paper presents a novel omnidirectional platform for gait rehabilitation of people with hemiparesis after stroke. The mobile platform, henceforth the “walker”, allows unobstructed pelvic motion during walking, helps the user maintain balance and prevents falls. The system aids mobility actively by combining three types of therapeutic intervention: forward propulsion of the pelvis, controlled body weight support, and functional electrical stimulation (FES) for compensation of deficits in angular motion of the joints. FES is controlled using gait data extracted from a set of inertial measurement units (IMUs...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - February 29, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Baseline frailty status and outcomes important for shared decision-making in older adults receiving transcatheter aortic valve implantation, a prospective observational study.
CONCLUSIONS: TAVI patients had improvement in symptoms and maintenance of activity of daily living at 6 months. They had low mortality and most patients lived in their own home 2 years after TAVI. Complications like death, stroke, and endocarditis occurred. Some patients had cognitive impairment before the procedure which might influence decision-making. Our findings may be used to develop pre-TAVI decision aids. PMID: 32193850 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Aging Clinical and Experimental Research - March 18, 2020 Category: Geriatrics Authors: Skaar E, Øksnes A, Eide LSP, Norekvål TM, Ranhoff AH, Nordrehaug JE, Forman DE, Schoenenberger AW, Hufthammer KO, Kuiper KK, Bleie Ø, Packer EJS, Langørgen J, Haaverstad R, Schaufel MA Tags: Aging Clin Exp Res Source Type: research

What Types of Memory Impairments are There in Children?
Discussion Memory is an important part of what distinguishes higher order species from others. Memory also is part of one’s self-identity. Difficulties in short-term memory can make common, everyday tasks difficult for the person experiencing the problem particularly if it recently occurred and the person’s long-term memory is intact. Difficulties with long-term memory can also have problems when language, events or even one’s own identity are affected. For some people the memory loss is temporary but for others, memory impairments are permanent and must be accepted and accommodated as part of the overall...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - March 30, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

The Attitudes of Physicians and the General Public toward Prognostic Disclosure of Different Serious Illnesses: a Korean Nationwide Study.
CONCLUSION: Most Physicians and the general public agreed that disclosure of a terminal prognosis respects patient autonomy for several serious illnesses. The low response rate of physicians might limit the generalizability of the results. PMID: 33289368 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Journal of Korean Medical Science - December 10, 2020 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: J Korean Med Sci Source Type: research

Energetics of Swimming With Hand Paddles of Different Surface Areas
Crocker, GH, Moon, JF, Nessler, JA, and Newcomer, SC. Energetics of swimming with hand paddles of different surface areas. J Strength Cond Res 35(1): 205–211, 2021—Hand paddles are one of the most common training aids used by the competitive swimmer, yet little is known regarding how hand paddle surface area affects the metabolic cost of transport (COT) while swimming. The purpose of this study was to determine how altering hand paddle size affects energy use during submaximal, front-crawl (i.e., freestyle) swimming. Twenty-six proficient, adult swimmers (13 men and 13 women) completed six 3-minute trials in a flume at...
Source: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research - December 24, 2020 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Score Aids Treatment Decision in Mild Large-Vessel Stroke Score Aids Treatment Decision in Mild Large-Vessel Stroke
Location and length of thrombus can identify those at highest risk for early neurologic deterioration, flagging those who may be the best candidates for thrombectomy.Medscape Medical News
Source: Medscape Cardiology Headlines - January 15, 2021 Category: Cardiology Tags: Neurology & Neurosurgery News Source Type: news

Tomato concentrate could help reduce chronic intestinal inflammation associated with HIV
New UCLA-led research in mice suggests that adding a certain type of tomato concentrate to the diet can reduce the intestinal inflammation that is associated with HIV. Left untreated, intestinal inflammation can accelerate arterial disease, which in turn can lead to heart attack and stroke.The findings provide clues to how the altered intestinal tract affects disease-causing inflammation in people with chronic HIV infection, suggesting that targeting the inflamed intestinal wall may be a novel way to prevent the systemic inflammation that persists even when antiviral therapy is effective in controlling a person ’s HIV.Th...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - January 11, 2022 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

What Medications Prevent Delirium in Elderly Medical Inpatients?
This study demonstrated lower rates of delirium in the melatonin arm, with an impressive number needed to treat (NNT) below six patients; mortality and length of hospital stay were unaffected.3 A delirium-prevention effect of melatonin has not been reproduced in other studies, notably Jaiswal et al, which randomized patients to a placebo or 3 mg of melatonin and found no difference in rates of delirium prevention.7  The melatonin receptor agonist ramelteon also has small but favorable evidence for preventing non-ICU hospitalized delirium. This comes from a study of 67 patients aged 65 years or older who were randomized to...
Source: The Hospitalist - May 2, 2022 Category: Hospital Management Authors: Ronda Whitaker Tags: Drug Therapy Geriatrics Key Clinical Questions Medication Source Type: research