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Source: Translational Stroke Research
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Total 512 results found since Jan 2013.
Reinventing the Penumbra — the Emerging Clockwork of a Multi-modal Mechanistic Paradigm
AbstractThe concept of the ischemic penumbra was originally defined as the area around a necrotic stroke core and seen as the tissue at imminent risk of further damage. Today, the penumbra is generally considered as time-sensitive hypoperfused brain tissue with decreased oxygen and glucose availability, salvageable tissue as treated by intervention, and the potential target for neuroprotection in focal stroke. The original concept entailed electrical failure and potassium release but one short of neuronal cell death and was based on experimental stroke models, later confirmed in clinical imaging studies. However, even thou...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 11, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
cPKC γ-Modulated Autophagy Contributes to Ischemic Preconditioning–Induced Neuroprotection in Mice with Ischemic Stroke via mTOR-ULK1 Pathway
In this study, adult and postnatal 1-day-old C57BL/6 J wild -type (cPKCγ+/+) and knockout (cPKC γ−/−) mice were used to establish in vivo and in vitro IPC models. The results showed that IPC pretreatment alleviated neuronal damage caused by lethal ischemia, which could be suppressed by autophagy inhibitor 3-MA or bafilomycin A1. Meanwhile, cPKC γ knockout blocked IPC-induced neuroprotection, accompanied by significant increase of LC3-I to LC3-II conversion and Beclin 1 protein level, and a significant decrease in p62 protein level. Immunofluorescent staining results showed a decrease of LC3 puncta numbers in IPC-tr...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 10, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Elevated Serum Ninjurin-1 Is Associated with a High Risk of Large Artery Atherosclerotic Acute Ischemic Stroke
AbstractNinjurin-1 is a novel adhesion molecule which is involved in many inflammatory diseases. Functional blockage of Ninjurin-1 has exerted an atheroprotective effect. The aim of the study is to explore the association between serum Ninjurin-1 and the risk of large artery atherosclerotic acute ischemic stroke. From August 2020 through December 2021, patients with large artery atherosclerotic acute ischemic stroke (LAA-AIS) admitted to the First Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, and age- and sex-matched controls free of ischemic stroke were recruited. Serum Ninj1 was measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 7, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Melatonin Offers Dual-Phase Protection to Brain Vessel Endothelial Cells in Prolonged Cerebral Ischemia-Recanalization Through Ameliorating ER Stress and Resolving Refractory Stress Granule
We report that melatonin treatment downregulates ER stress in the ischemic period and enhances dissociation of t he refractory SGs during reperfusion, thus offering dual-phase protection to BVECs in prolonged cerebral stroke. Mechanistically, melatonin enhances autophagy in BVECs, which preserves ER function and resolves refractory SGs. We, therefore, propose that melatonin is a potential treatment to extend t he time window of delayed recanalization therapy in AIS.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Endothelial Cell –Derived Let-7c-Induced TLR7 Activation on Smooth Muscle Cell Mediate Vascular Wall Remodeling in Moyamoya Disease
AbstractMoyamoya disease (MMD) is characterized by frequent migration and phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the intima layer of blood vessels. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 is abundantly expressed in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in multiple vascular diseases, which might be linked to the disease-associated vascular remodeling. In the present study, the expression of TLR7 in MMD vessels was examined using the superficial temporal artery (STA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) from MMD patients. Furthermore, the effect of TLR7 activation on the VSMC p...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Derived Conditioned Medium Alleviates Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Induced Microcirculation Impairment by Promoting M2 Microglia Polarization and Reducing Astrocyte Swelling
This study aimed to investigate whether dental pulp stem cell conditioned medium (DPSC-CM) ameliorates SAH-induced microcirculation impairment and the underlying mechanisms. SAH was induced via intrathecal injection of fresh autologous blood in Wistar male adult rat. DPSC-CM or DPSC-CM + insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) antibody was randomly administered by intrathecal route 5 min after SAH induction. To evaluate the underlying mechanisms of DPSC-CM in the treatment of SAH, primary rat astrocyte and microglia co-cultures were challenged with hemolysate or SAH-patient CSF in t he presence or absence of DPSC-CM. The res...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Ischemic Preconditioning Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia –Reperfusion Injury by Interfering With Glycocalyx
This study found that (1) IPC improved brain infarction and edema, neurological impai rment, and BBB disruption in IRI rats; (2) IPC significantly up-regulated HA ratio and down-regulated HS ratio, but did not affect SYND1 ratio compared with the IRI group. Moreover, the increased HA ratio was negatively related to brain edema and neurological deficit score. (3) IPC affected HA metab olism by up-regulating hyaluronate synthase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-2, and down-regulating hyaluronidase-1 in brain tissue. Together, this is the first report that the neuroprotective effect of IPC on IRI may be mediated through interfe...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - September 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Translating Animal Models of Ischemic Stroke to the Human Condition
AbstractIschemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability. However, very few neuroprotective agents have shown promise for treatment of ischemic stroke in clinical trials, despite showing efficacy in many successful preclinical studies. This may be attributed, at least in part, to the incongruency between experimental animal stroke models used in preclinical studies and the manifestation of ischemic stroke in humans. Most often the human population selected for clinical trials are more diverse than the experimental model used in a preclinical study. For successful translation, it is critical to develop clinical tr...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - September 20, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Woven EndoBridge (WEB) Device for the Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms: Ten Years of Lessons Learned and Adjustments in Practice from the WorldWideWEB Consortium
This study comprised 671 patients (median age 61.4 years; 71.2% female) with 682 intracranial aneurysms. Over time, we observed an increasing tendency to treat patients presenting with ruptured aneurysms and aneurysms with smaller neck, diameter, and dome widths. Furthermore, we observed a trend towards more off-label use of the WEB for sidewall aneurysms and increased adoption of transradial access for WEB deployment. Moreover, the proportion of patients with adequate WEB o cclusion immediately and at last follow-up was significantly higher in more recent year cohorts, as well as lower rates of compaction and retreatment...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - September 6, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Cerebral Aneurysm and Interleukin-6: a Key Player in Aneurysm Generation and Rupture or Just One of the Multiple Factors?
AbstractIntracranial aneurysm (IA) rupture is a common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with high mortality and morbidity. Inflammatory interleukins (IL), such as IL-6, play an important role in the occurrence and rupture of IA causing SAH. With this review we aim to elucidate the specific role of IL-6 in aneurysm formation and rupture in preclinical and clinical studies. IL-6 is a novel cytokine in that it has pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways. In preclinical and clinical studies of IA formation, elevated and reduced levels of IL-6 are reported. Poor post-rupture prognosis and increased ruptu...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 31, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Early Microthrombosis and Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice
In conclusion, NETs are associated with early microthrombosis after SAH; they may be a novel therapeutic target for early brain injury (EBI) after SAH.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 13, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
ASPECT Score and Its Application to Vasospasm in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: a Case –Control Study
AbstractDelayed cerebral ischaemia (DCI) is a significant complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) and is strongly associated with poorer outcome. The Alberta Stroke Program Early Computer Tomography (ASPECT) score is an established scoring tool, used in acute ischaemic stroke, to quantify early ischaemic changes on CT head scans. We aim to identify if ASPECT scoring correlates with functional outcome in DCI following aSAH. Retrospective case –control study. Inclusion criteria: admission to the Department of Neurosurgery at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust (a tertiary neurosurgical centre in the Unite...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 9, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neuroprotection of NSC Therapy is Superior to Glibenclamide in Cardiac Arrest-Induced Brain Injury via Neuroinflammation Regulation
In this study, we aimed to evaluate and compare the thera peutic effects of NSC and GBC therapies post-CA. In in vitro studies, BV2 cells underwent oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) for three hours and were then treated with GBC or co-cultured with human NSCs (hNSCs). Microglial polarization phenotype and TLR4/NLRP3 inflammatory pathway proteins were detected by immunofluorescence staining. Twenty-four Wistar rats were ra ndomly assigned to three groups (control, GBC, and hNSCs, N = 8/group). After 8 min of asphyxial CA, GBC was injected intraperitoneally or hNSCs were administered intranasally in the treatment gr...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 3, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Craniocervical Manual Lymphatic Drainage Increases the Efficiency of Atorvastatin-Based Treatment of Chronic Subdural Hematoma
The objective of this study is to explore whether craniocervical manual lymphatic drainage (cMLD) can promote hematoma absorption and increase the efficiency of atorvastatin-based conservative treatment in chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) patients. All CSDH patients treated with atorvastatin-based therapy between October 2020 and February 2022 in our department were retrospectively screened for enrollment. The patients were divided into the control and cMLD groups according to whether cMLD was performed. Head CT or MR images in both groups were obtained before the treatment and 2 weeks and 4 weeks after the treatment. M...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 30, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
X, but not Y, Chromosomal Complement Contributes to Stroke Sensitivity in Aged Animals
AbstractPost-menopausal women become vulnerable to stroke and have poorer outcomes and higher mortality than age-matched men, and previous studies suggested that sex chromosomes play a vital role in mediating stroke sensitivity in the aged. It is unknown if this is due to effects of the X or Y chromosome. The present study used the XY* mouse model (with four genotypes: XX and XO gonadal females and XY and XXY gonadal males) to compare the effect of the X vs. Y chromosome compliment in stroke. Aged (18 –20 months) and gonadectomized young (8–12 weeks) mice were subjected to a 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion. I...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 29, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
