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Source: Translational Stroke Research
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Total 512 results found since Jan 2013.
Acute T2*-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Detectable Cerebral Thrombosis in a Rat Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
AbstractSubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality, particularly within the first 72 h after aneurysm rupture. We recently found ultra-early cerebral thrombosis, detectable on T2* magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in a mouse SAH model at 4 h after onset. The current study examined whether such changes also occur in rat at 24 h after SAH, the vessels involved, whether the degree of thrombosis varied with SAH severity and brain injury, and if it differed between male and female rats. Adult Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to an endovascular perforation SAH model or sham...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 2, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Zebrafish as a Model for In-Depth Mechanistic Study for Stroke
AbstractStroke is one of the world ’s leading causes of death and disability, posing enormous burden to the society. However, the pathogenesis and mechanisms that underlie brain injury and brain repair remain largely unknown. There’s an unmet need of in-depth mechanistic research in this field. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a powerful tool in brain science research mainly due to its small size and transparent body, high genome synteny with human, and similar nervous system structures. It can be used to establish both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke models easily and effectively through different ways. After the establishm...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 29, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Vascular Sema3E-Plexin-D1 Signaling Reactivation Promotes Post-stroke Recovery through VEGF Downregulation in Mice
In this study, using a mouse model of transient brain infarction, we aimed to investigate whether Sema3E-Plexin-D1 signaling was involved in cerebrovascular remodeling after ischemic injury. We found that ischemic damage rapidly inducedSema3e expression in the neurons of peri-infarct regions, followed by Plexin-D1 upregulation in remodeling vessels. Interestingly, Plexin-D1 reemergence was concurrent with brain vessels entering an active angiogenic process. In line with this,Plxnd1 ablation worsened neurological deficits, infarct volume, neuronal survival rate, and blood flow recovery. Furthermore, reduced and abnormal vas...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 12, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Galectin-1 Contributes to Vascular Remodeling and Blood Flow Recovery After Cerebral Ischemia in Mice
AbstractGalectin-1 is found in the vasculature and has been confirmed to promote angiogenesis in several cancer models. Furthermore, galectin-1 has been demonstrated to improve the recovery of cerebral ischemia. However, whether vascular remodeling contributes to this improvement is still unknown. In the present study, photochemical cerebral ischemia was induced in both galectin-1-treated (2 μg/day,i.c.v, 3 days) and galectin-1 knockout mice. Laser speckle imaging and immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that circulation and vascular remodeling in the ischemic cortex were improved by galectin-1 treatment but disrup...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 10, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Carbonyl Reductase 1 Attenuates Ischemic Brain Injury by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation
This study aims to observe the expression and role of carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1), an NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase with specificity for carbonyl compounds such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), in the brain after ischemic injury and to investigate the influence of CBR1 on ischemia-induced neuroinflammation. CBR1 expresses in the neurons, astrocyte, and microglia in the normal brain. The expression of CBR1 decreased in the ischemic regions following cerebral ischemia, and also reduced in primary neurons after OGD (oxygen-glucose deprivation); however, the expression of CBR1 significantly increased in microglia in the ischemic ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 8, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Electrophilic and Drug-Induced Stimulation of NOTCH3 N-terminal Fragment Oligomerization in Cerebrovascular Pathology
AbstractSmall vessel disease is a prevalent age-related condition linked to increased risk of dementia and stroke. We investigate the most commonly inherited form, CADASIL, caused by cysteine-involving mutations inNOTCH3. Recent studies highlight accumulation of NOTCH3 N-terminal fragmentation product (NTF) in disease. In vitro, NTF is capable of both spontaneous and catecholamine-enhanced cysteine-mediated oligomerization. Despite well-characterized genetic influence on CADASIL, environmental effects, including medication usage, on disease remain unclear. We studied effects of assorted electrophilic compounds and drugs on...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 3, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Targeted Temperature Management at 36 °C Shows Therapeutic Effectiveness via Alteration of Microglial Activation and Polarization After Ischemic Stroke
AbstractIschemic injury leads to cell death and inflammatory responses after stroke. Microglia especially play a crucial role in this brain inflammation. Targeted temperature management (TTM) at 33 °C has shown neuroprotective effects against many acute ischemic injuries. However, it has also shown some adverse effects in preclinical studies. Therefore, we explored the neuroprotective effect of TTM at 36 °C in the ischemic brain. To confirm the neuroprotective effects of hypothermia, mice were subjected to a permanent stroke and then treated with one of the TTM paradigms at 33 and 36 °C. For comparison of TTM at 33 ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - April 24, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Diabetes Mellitus/Poststroke Hyperglycemia: a Detrimental Factor for tPA Thrombolytic Stroke Therapy
AbstractIntravenous administration of tissue-type plasminogen activator (IV tPA) therapy has long been considered a mainstay in ischemic stroke management. However, patients respond to IV tPA therapy unequally with some subsets of patients having worsened outcomes after treatment. In particular, diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized as a clinically important vascular comorbidity that leads to lower recanalization rates and increased risks of hemorrhagic transformation (HT). In this short-review, we summarize the recent advances in understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in post-IV tPA worsening of outcome in dia...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - April 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Delayed Recanalization —How Late Is Not Too Late?
AbstractStroke has become the second most prevalent cause of mortality in the world. Currently, the treatment of ischemic stroke is based on thrombolytic and thrombectomy therapy shortly after the ischemic event ( ≤ 4.5 h for thrombolytic strategies; ≤ 6 h for thrombectomy strategies). However, the majority of patients are unable to receive prompt treatment, particularly in undeveloped countries. Alternative solutions are lacking for those patients that miss the optimal window of opportunity for tre atment. Recently, new developments in imaging techniques and intravascular interventional devices enable the expans...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - April 20, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps may be a Potential Target for Treating Early Brain Injury in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
In conclusion, NETs promoted neuroinflammation after SAH, while pharmacological inhibition of PAD4-NETs could reduce the inflammatory damage caused by SAH. These results supported the idea that NETs might be potential therapeutic targets for SAH.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - April 14, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Prediction of Outcome After Endovascular Embolectomy in Anterior Circulation Stroke Using Biomarkers
In this study, we investigated the use of the brain damage biomarkers tau, NFL, NSE, GFAp, and S100B to understand the progression of nervous tissue damage and their relationship to outcome in such stroke after endovascular treatment. Blood samples were taken from 90 patients pre-treatment and 2 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 3 months after endovascular treatment. Stroke-related neurological deficit was estimated using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at admission and at 24 h. Neurological outcome was evaluated at 3 months. After stroke, tau, NFL, GFAp and S100B increased in a time dependent manner, while NSE...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 15, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Calcium/Calmodulin –Dependent Protein Kinase II in Cerebrovascular Diseases
AbstractCerebrovascular disease is the most common life-threatening and debilitating condition that often leads to stroke. The multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a key Ca2+ sensor and an important signaling protein in a variety of biological systems within the brain, heart, and vasculature. In the brain, past stroke-related studies have been mainly focused on the role of CaMKII in ischemic stroke in neurons and established CaMKII as a major mediator of neuronal cell death induced by glutamate excitotoxicity and oxidative stress following ischemic stroke. However, with growing underst...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 13, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Increased Renal Dysfunction, Apoptosis, and Fibrogenesis Through Sympathetic Hyperactivity After Focal Cerebral Infarction
In this study, we investigated whether sympathetic hyperactivity can cause the development of renal dysfunction, apoptosis, and fibrogenesis after focal cerebral infarction. To determine the renal consequences of focal cerebral ischemia, we subjected a mice model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and examined systolic blood pressure, heart rate, renal structure and function, serum catecholamine, and cortisol levels, and the expression of active caspase-3 bcl-2, bax, and phosphorylated p38 MAPK after 8 weeks. We also analyzed the relationship between insular cortex infarction and acute kidney injury (AKI...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 12, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A Novel Mouse Model for Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
This study is aimed at developing a novel murine model suitable and relevant for evaluating injury patterns during CVST and studying its clinical aspects. CVST was achieved in C57BL/6J mice by autologous clot injection into the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) combined with bilateral ligation of external jugular veins. Clot was preparedex vivo using thrombin before injection. On days 1 and 7 after CVST, SSS occlusion and associated-parenchymal lesions were monitored using different modalities:in vivo real-time intravital microscopy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and immuno-histology. In addition, mice were subjected to a ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 5, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Carotid Endarterectomy and Stenting in a Chinese Population: Safety Outcome of the Revascularization of Extracranial Carotid Artery Stenosis Trial
AbstractCarotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) have been well-established as two effective treatment modalities for carotid artery stenosis, while their clinical outcomes in real-world China are still unknown due to lack of nationwide trials. We aimed to evaluate the safety outcome profile of CEA and CAS in Chinese patients with carotid artery stenosis. The Revascularization of Extracranial Carotid Artery Stenosis trial was a multicentre, prospective cohort study of CEA or CAS in treating patients with carotid artery stenosis. We included symptomatic or asymptomatic patients with carotid artery sten...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 3, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
