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Source: Translational Stroke Research
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Total 512 results found since Jan 2013.
Netrin-1 Alleviates Early Brain Injury by Regulating Ferroptosis via the PPAR γ/Nrf2/GPX4 Signaling Pathway Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
This study aimed to evaluat e the neuroprotective effects and the possible molecular basis of NTN-1 in SAH-induced EBI by modulating neuronal ferroptosis using the filament perforations model of SAH in mice and the hemin-stimulated neuron injury model in HT22 cells. NTN-1 or a vehicle was administered 2 h following SAH. We e xamined neuronal death, brain water content, neurological score, and mortality. NTN-1 treatment led to elevated survival probability, greater survival of neurons, and increased neurological score, indicating that NTN-1-inhibited ferroptosis ameliorated neuron death in vivo/in vitro in response to SA ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 12, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Resveratrol Preconditioning Downregulates PARP1 Protein to Alleviate PARP1-Mediated Cell Death Following Cerebral Ischemia
This study desc ribes a novel mechanism by which RPC instills prophylaxis against ischemia-induced PARP1 overexpression and parthanatos, through a long-term reduction of nuclear PARP1 protein.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 12, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Collaterals and Elusive Ischemic Penumbra
This article aims to discuss the anatomy and physiology of collateral circulation, describe current imaging tools used to measure collateral circulation, and identify the factors that influence collateral status.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - December 29, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
ATG5 Knockdown Attenuates Ischemia ‒Reperfusion Injury by Reducing Excessive Autophagy-Induced Ferroptosis
AbstractAutophagy has been described to be both protective and pathogenic in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The underlying association between autophagy and ferroptosis in ischemic stroke has not yet been clearly investigated. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5) in experimental ischemic stroke. After injection of ATG5 shRNA lentivirus, mice underwent surgery for transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced focal cerebral ischemia. The infarct volume, neurological function, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), autophagy, and ferroptosis levels w...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - December 16, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Recombinant Human Perlecan DV and Its LG3 Subdomain Are Neuroprotective and Acutely Functionally Restorative in Severe Experimental Ischemic Stroke
AbstractDespite recent therapeutic advancements, ischemic stroke remains a major cause of death and disability. It has been previously demonstrated that ~ 85-kDa recombinant human perlecan domain V (rhPDV) binds to upregulated integrin receptors (α2β1 and α5β1) associated with neuroprotective and functional improvements in various animal models of acute ischemic stroke. Recombinant human perlecan laminin-like globular domain 3 (rhPDVLG3), a 21-kDa C-terminal subdomain of rhPDV, has been demonstrated to more avidly bind to the α2β1 integrin receptor than its parent molecule and consequently was postulated to evok...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - December 12, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Association of Gut Microbiome with Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: an Experimental Study
AbstractThe occurrence of early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is crucial in the prognosis of SAH; however, no effective treatment for EBI has been developed. Gut microbiome (GM) composition influences the outcome of various diseases, including ischemic stroke. Here, we evaluated whether prior GM alteration could prevent EBI following SAH. We altered the GM of 7-week-old male rats by administering antibiotic-containing water for 2 weeks and performing fecal microbiome transplantation after antibiotic induction. Composition of the GM was profiled using 16S rRNA. We induced SAH by injecting bloo...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - December 9, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Effects of the New Thrombolytic Compound LT3001 on Acute Brain Tissue Damage After Focal Embolic Stroke in Rats
In this study, we tested the effects of LT3001 as a potential alternative thrombolytic in focal embolic ischemic stroke rat model. Stroked rats received intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg LT3001 or tPA at 1.5, 3, or 4.5 h after stroke, respectively, and the outcomes were measured at different time points after stroke by performing multi-parametric MRI, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, and modified neurological severity score. Lastly, we assessed the effect of LT3001 on the tPA activity in vitro, the international normalized ratio (INR), and the serum levels of active tPA and plasminogen activator inhib...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - November 29, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Long Non-coding RNA H19 Promotes NLRP3-Mediated Pyroptosis After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats
Abstract NLRP3 inflammasomes have been reported to be an essential mediator in the inflammatory response during early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Recent studies have indicated that NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 can participate in the inflammatory response. However, the roles and functions of lncRNA H19 in NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis during EBI after SAH are unknown and need to be further elucidated. NLRP3 inflammasome proteins were significantly elevated in CSF of human with SAH induced EBI and presented a positive correlation with s...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - November 24, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Meta-review on Perforation Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice: Filament Material as a Possible Moderator of Mortality
AbstractRobust preclinical models are inevitable for researchers to unravel pathomechanisms of subarachnoidal hemorrhage (SAH). For the mouse perforation model of SAH, the goal of this meta-review was the determination of variances in mortality, SAH severity grade, and vasospasm, and their experimental moderators, as many researchers are facing with incomparable results. We searched on the databasesPubMed,Embase, andWeb of Science for articles describing in vivo experiments using the SAH perforation mouse model and measuring mortality, SAH grade, and/or vasospasm. After screening, 42 articles (total of 1964 mice) were incl...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - November 23, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Aerobic Glycolysis Induced by mTOR/HIF-1 α Promotes Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage via Activating M1 Microglia
In conclusion, the present study showed new evidence that aerobic glycolysis induced by mTOR/HIF-1 α might promote EBI after SAH by activating M1 microglia. This finding provided new insights for the treatment of EBI.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Effects of New-Generation Antiepileptic Drug Prophylaxis on Delayed Neurovascular Events After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
AbstractNeuroelectric disruptions such as seizures and cortical spreading depolarization may contribute to the development of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, effects of antiepileptic drug prophylaxis on outcomes remain controversial in SAH. The authors investigated if prophylactic administration of new-generation antiepileptic drugs levetiracetam and perampanel was beneficial against delayed neurovascular events after SAH. This was a retrospective single-center cohort study of 121 consecutive SAH patients including 56 patients of admission World Federation of Neurolo...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - November 5, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Clot Analysis as a Marker of Cardioembolic Stroke Etiology
AbstractThe aim of the study was to find markers of high-risk cardioembolic etiology (HRCE) in patients with cryptogenic strokes (CS) through the analysis of intracranial clot by flow cytometry (FC). A prospective single-center study was designed including patients with large vessel occlusion strokes. The percentage of granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLr) were analyzed in clots extracted after endovascular treatment (EVT) and in peripheral blood. Large arterial atherosclerosis (LAA) strokes and high-risk cardioembolic (HRCE) strokes were matched by demographics and acute reperfusion ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Gut Microbiota in Ischemic Stroke: Role of Gut Bacteria-Derived Metabolites
AbstractIschemic stroke (IS) remains a leading cause of death and long-term disability globally. Several mechanisms including glutamate excitotoxicity, calcium overload, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of IS, but the underlying pathophysiology mechanisms of IS are not fully clarified. During the past decade, gut microbiota were recognized as a key regulator to affect the health of the host either directly or via their metabolites. Recent studies indicate that gut bacterial dysbiosis is closely related to hypertension, diabetes, obesity, d...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 24, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A Genome-Wide Association Study of Outcome After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Discovery Analysis
AbstractCandidate gene studies have identified genetic variants associated with clinical outcomes following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH), but no genome-wide association studies have been performed to date. Here we report the results of the discovery phase of a two-stage genome-wide meta-analysis of outcome after aSAH. We identified 157 independent loci harbouring 756 genetic variants associated with outcome after aSAH (p < 1 × 10−4), which require validation. A single variant (rs12949158), inSPNS2, achieved genome-wide significance (p = 4.29 × 10−8) implicating sphingosine-1-phosphat...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 20, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Associations Between Drug Treatments and the Risk of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
AbstractThere is increasing interest in drug therapy for preventing aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). We aimed to comprehensively evaluate the association between drug use and the risk of aSAH. We searched PubMed and Scopus from the databases ’ inception until December 2021. Observational studies reporting the association between any drug therapy and aSAH were included. The odds ratios (ORs) for each drug used in aSAH were meta-analyzed with a random-effect model. According to the systematic review, 25 observational studies were eligib le for the present study. Four therapeutic purpose-based classes (e.g., lipid...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 15, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
