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Source: Translational Stroke Research
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Total 512 results found since Jan 2013.
Collateral-Core Ratio as a Novel Predictor of Clinical Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke
AbstractThe interaction effect between collateral circulation and ischemic core size on stroke outcomes has been highlighted in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, biomarkers that assess the magnitude of this interaction are still lacking. We aimed to present a new imaging marker, the collateral-core ratio (CCR), to quantify the interaction effect between these factors and evaluate its ability to predict functional outcomes using machine learning (ML) in AIS. Patients with AIS caused by anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO) were recruited from a prospective multicenter study. CCR was calculated as collateral ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 25, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Recurrent Transient Ischemic Attack Induces Neural Cytoskeleton Modification and Gliosis in an Experimental Model
AbstractTransient ischemic attack (TIA) presents a high risk for subsequent stroke, Alzheimer ’s disease (AD), and related dementia (ADRD). However, the neuropathophysiology of TIA has been rarely studied. By evaluating recurrent TIA-induced neuropathological changes, our study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms underlying the contribution of TIA to ADRD. In the current study, we es tablished a recurrent TIA model by three times 10-min middle cerebral artery occlusion within a week in rat. Neither permanent neurological deficit nor apoptosis was observed following recurrent TIA. No increase of AD-related biomarker...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 22, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Metformin Alleviates Delayed Hydrocephalus after Intraventricular Hemorrhage by Inhibiting Inflammation and Fibrosis
In conclusion, metformin attenuated neuroinflammation and subsequent fibrosis after IVH by regulating AMPK /SIRT1/ NF-κB pathways, thereby reducing delayed hydrocephalus. Metformin may be a promising therapeutic agent to prevent delayed hydrocephalus following IVH.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 19, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Sustained ICP Elevation Is a Driver of Spatial Memory Deficits After Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Leads to Activation of Distinct Microglial Signaling Pathways
In this study, we show that intraventricular hemorrhage only leads to a significant spatial memory deficit in the Morris water maze if it occurs in the setting of an elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). Histopathological analysis of these IVH + ICP animals did not show evidence of neuronal degeneration in the hippocampal formation after 2 weeks but instead showed significant microglial activation measured by lacunarity and fractal dimensions. RNA sequencing of the hippocampus showed distinct enrichment of genes in the IVH + ICP group but not in IVH alone having activated microglial signaling pathways. The most s...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 12, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Circulating Plasma miRNA Homologs in Mice and Humans Reflect Familial Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Disease
AbstractPatients with familial cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) inherit germline loss of function mutations and are susceptible to progressive development of brain lesions and neurological sequelae during their lifetime. To date, no homologous circulating molecules have been identified that can reflect the presence of germ line pathogenetic CCM mutations, either in animal models or patients. We hypothesize that homologous differentially expressed (DE) plasma miRNAs can reflect the CCM germline mutation in preclinical murine models and patients. Herein, homologous DE plasma miRNAs with mechanistic putative gene targets...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Genome-Wide Association Study of Intracranial Artery Stenosis Followed by Phenome-Wide Association Study
AbstractThe genetic background of intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS), a major cause of ischemic stroke, remains elusive. We performed the world ’s first genome-wide association study (GWAS) of ICAS using DNA samples from Japanese subjects, to identify the genetic factors associated with ICAS and their correlation with clinical features. We also conducted a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) of the top variant identified via GWAS to d etermine its association with systemic disease. The GWAS involved 408 patients with ICAS and 349 healthy controls and utilized an Asian Screening Array of venous blood samples. The Phe...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 14, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs): A New Therapeutic Target for Neuroinflammation and Microthrombosis After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage?
AbstractNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a major role in intrinsic immunity by limiting and killing pathogens. Recently, a series of studies have confirmed that NETs are closely associated with vascular injury and microthrombosis. Furthermore, NETs play an important role in neuroinflammation after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Neuroinflammation and microthrombosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage are key pathophysiological processes associated with poor prognosis, but their crucial formation mechanisms and interventions remain to be elucidated. Could NETs, as an emerging and important pathogenesis, be a new thera...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 11, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Increased Blood Residence Time as Markers of High-Risk Patent Foramen Ovale
AbstractPrevious investigations have suggested that patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO) often have an atrial dysfunction, like to that observed in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) which may concur to an increased risk of cryptogenic stroke. The aim of the study is to compare the atrial resident time (Rt) of PFO patients to those with sinus rhythm (SR) and AF using patient-specific 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. Models of left atrium (LA) hemodynamics were obtained from time-resolved CT scans and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Enrolled patients were divided into three groups: 30 healthy su...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 11, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Collateral Status and Outcomes after Thrombectomy
AbstractEndovascular treatment (EVT) using novel mechanical thrombectomy devices has been the gold standard for patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion. Selection criteria of randomized control trials commonly include baseline infarct volume with or without penumbra evaluation. Although the collateral status has been studied and is known to modify imaging results and clinical course, it has not been commonly used for trials. Many post hoc studies, however, revealed that collateral status can help predict infarct growth, recanalization success, decreased hemorrhagic transformation after EVT, and...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 10, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Increased Number of Passes and Double Stent Retriever Technique Induces Cumulative Injury on Arterial Wall After Mechanical Thrombectomy in a Swine Model
AbstractThe number of stentriever passes during endovascular thrombectomy impacts clinical outcomes in acute ischemic stroke. Previous studies suggest that the simultaneous double stent retriever technique (DSRT) could improve the efficacy and reduce the number of passes. We aim to analyze the degree of vessel wall injury according to the number of passes and technique (single vs. simultaneous devices). Histological changes were evaluated in renal arteries (RAs) of swine models after thrombectomy (1, 2, or 3 passes) with single stent (SSRT) and DSRT. Thrombectomy passes were performed in 12 RA: 3 samples from each artery w...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 8, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A Deep Learning-Based Automatic Collateral Assessment in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
This study aimed to develop a supervised deep learning (DL) model for grading collateral status from dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance perfusion (DSC-MRP) images from patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and compare its performance against experts ’ manual grading. Among consecutive LVO-AIS at three medical center sites, DSC-MRP data were processed to generate collateral flow maps consisting of arterial, capillary, and venous phases. With the use of expert readings as a reference, a DL model was developed to analyze collateral status with o utput classified into good and...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 21, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A 90-Day Prognostic Model Based on the Early Brain Injury Indicators after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: the TAPS Score
This study aimed to establish a new scoring model based on the early brain injury (EBI) indicators to predict the 90-day functional outcomes in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). We retrospectively enrolled 825 patients and prospectively enrolled 108 patients with aSAH who underwent surgical clipping or endovascular coiling (derivation cohort = 640; validation cohort = 185; prospective cohort = 108) in our institute. We established a logistic regression model based on independent risk factors associated with 90-day unfavorable outcomes. The discrimination of the prognostic model was asses...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 14, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Iron-Induced Hydrocephalus: the Role of Choroid Plexus Stromal Macrophages
In conclusion, stromal macrophages account for ~10% of all choroid plexus cells, with more in aged rats. Treatments targeting macrophages (minocycline and clodronate liposomes) are associated with reduced iron-induced hydrocephalus.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 11, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Major Caveats Discovered in the Genetic Cell Ablation Model Used to Study Microglia Functions
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 10, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Unpacking the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Implications
AbstractStroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Inflammation and microvascular dysfunction have been associated with brain injury and long-term disability after both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Recent studies have suggested a potential role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a link underlying these pathogenic processes. EVs are cell-derived particles enveloped by a lipid bilayer, containing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. From a functional standpoint, EVs can facilitate intercellular communication, including across the blood –brain barrier (BBB). Recent advances in EV research have shown a ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 6, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
