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Source: Translational Stroke Research
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Total 512 results found since Jan 2013.

Efficacy and Safety of Recombinant Human Prourokinase in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Phase IIa Randomized Clinical Trial
AbstractRecombinant human prourokinase (rhPro-UK) is a novel thrombolytic that has been approved to treat patients with acute myocardial infarction. However, the safety and efficacy of intravenous rhPro-UK in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has not been well established. We aimed to investigate the safety and preliminary efficacy of rhPro-UK in patients with AIS in a multi-center phase IIa trial setting. One hundred nineteen patients within 4.5  h of AIS onset were enrolled in this randomized, open-label, 23-center phase IIa clinical trial. Patients were randomly assigned to 35 mg (n = 40) or 50 mg (n =â...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 3, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Functional Assessment of Stroke-Induced Regulation of miR-20a-3p and Its Role as a Neuroprotectant
This study identifies and characterizes a specific member of the miR-17 –92 cluster, miR-20a-3p, as a possible stroke therapeutic. A comprehensive microRNA screening showed that miR-20a-3p was significantly upregulated in astrocytes of adult female rats, which typically have better stroke outcomes, while it was profoundly downregulated in astrocytes of middle-aged fem ales and adult and middle-aged males, groups that typically have more severe stroke outcomes. Assays using primary human astrocytes and neurons show that miR-20a-3p treatment alters mitochondrial dynamics in both cell types. To assess whether stroke outcome...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - April 27, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Drug-Coated Balloon Treatment for Delayed Recanalization of Symptomatic Intracranial Artery Occlusion
AbstractPatients with medically refractory non-acute intracranial artery occlusion (ICAO) are difficult to treat. The optimal intervention for these patients is not known. We evaluated the feasibility and safety of drug-coated balloon (DCB) treatment for non-acute ICAO. Consecutive patients with symptomatic medically refractory atherosclerotic non-acute ICAO from January 2015 to July 2021 who underwent DCB treatment were retrospectively analyzed. The rates of stroke, transient ischemic attack, and death within 30  days and the follow-up results were evaluated. A total of 148 patients were enrolled in this study. The 30-da...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - April 23, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Optical Coherence Tomography in Cerebrovascular Disease: Open up New Horizons
In this study, we summarized the applications of OCT in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of cerebrovascular diseases, especially in ICAS and IAs. The current limitations and future directions of OCT in the endovascular treatment of cerebrovascular disease s were also discussed.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - April 21, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Intravital Imaging Reveals the Ameliorating Effect of Colchicine in a Photothrombotic Stroke Model via Inhibition of Neutrophil Recruitment
In conclusion, we have established an intravital strategy to directly investigate pathophysiology in the ischemic border zone, and found that colchicine administration in the acute phase of ischemic stroke is a potential novel therapeutic strategy.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - April 20, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Heliox Preconditioning Exerts Neuroprotective Effects on Neonatal Ischemia/Hypoxia Injury by Inhibiting Necroptosis Induced by Ca2+ Elevation
In conclusion, our results suggest HePC may alleviate cytoplasmic Ca2+ overload by regulating p-RyR2, which inhibits the necroptosis in the brain, exerting neuroprotective effects on HIE.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - April 20, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Microstructural Gray Matter Integrity Deteriorates After an Ischemic Stroke and Is Associated with Processing Speed
AbstractMicrostructural changes after an ischemic stroke (IS) have mainly been described in white matter. Data evaluating microstructural changes in gray matter (GM) remain scarce. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the integrity of GM on longitudinal data using mean diffusivity (MD), and its influence on post-IS cognitive performances. A prospective study was conducted, including supra-tentorial IS patients without pre-stroke disability. A cognitive assessment was performed at baseline and 1  year, including a Montreal Cognitive Assessment, an Isaacs set test, and a Zazzo cancelation task (ZCT): completion time...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - April 18, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neuroprotective Efficacy of Betulinic Acid Hydroxamate, a B55 α/PP2A Activator, in Acute Hypoxia–Ischemia-Induced Brain Damage in Newborn Rats
In conclusion, BAH appears as an effective neuroprotective treatment for neonatal HIBD in a manner associated with the modulation of ex citotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation, showing a broad therapeutic window.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - April 13, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Histopathology of Cerebral Microinfarcts and Microbleeds in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
AbstractInpatients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage caused by different vasculopathies, cerebral microinfarcts have the same aspect on MRI and the same applies to cerebral microbleeds. It is unclear what pathological changes underlie these cerebral microinfarcts and cerebral microbleeds. In the current study, we explored the histopathological substrate of these lesions by investigating the brain tissue of 20 patients (median age at death 77  years) who died from ICH (9 lobar, 11 non-lobar) with a combination of post-mortem 7-T MRI and histopathological analysis. We identified 132 CMIs and 204 CMBs in 15 patients ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - April 6, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

An Ambiguous Role for Fever in Worsening Outcome After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
AbstractIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10 –15% of all strokes and leaves most survivors with impairments. Fever, a rise in the thermoregulatory set point, complicates ICH. This review summarizes ICH fever studies and employs meta-analytic techniques to explore the relationship between fever and ICH. We discuss methodological consideration s for future studies and provide an overview of mechanisms by which fever, and its treatment, may impact ICH. We searched the PubMed database using the following terms: ((fever OR hyperthermia) AND (intracerebral hemorrhage OR intraparenchymal hemorrhage OR intracerebral ha...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - April 2, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Is the Human Touch Always Therapeutic? Patient Stimulation and Spreading Depolarization after Acute Neurological Injuries
AbstractTouch and other types of patient stimulation are necessary in critical care and generally presumed to be beneficial. Recent pre-clinical studies as well as randomized trials assessing early mobilization have challenged the safety of such routine practices in patients with acute neurological injury such as stroke. We sought to determine whether patient stimulation could result in spreading depolarization (SD), a dramatic pathophysiological event that likely contributes to metabolic stress and ischemic expansion in such patients. Patients undergoing surgical intervention for severe acute neurological injuries (stroke...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - April 2, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Activation of RKIP Binding ASC Attenuates Neuronal Pyroptosis and Brain Injury via Caspase-1/GSDMD Signaling Pathway After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice
In conclusion, our findings indicated that activation of RKIP could attenuate neuronal pyroptosis and brain injury after ICH, to some extent, through ASC/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway. Thus, RKIP may be a potential target to attenuate brain injury via its anti-pyroptosis effect after ICH.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 31, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion: Latest Findings and Critical Thinking on Future Study Design
AbstractRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated powerful efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation. The effect of EVT for acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) in the posterior circulation remains unproven. Here, we highlight the latest findings of observational studies and RCTs of EVT for BAO, with a focus on the predictors of functional outcomes, the limitations of recent RCTs, and critical thinking on future study design. Pooled data from large retrospective studies showed 36.4% favorable outcome at 3  months and 4.6% symptomatic intracranial hemorrh...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 29, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Fronto-Parietal and White Matter Haemodynamics Predict Cognitive Outcome in Children with Moyamoya Independent of Stroke
We examined the relationship between regional haemodynamics and ratings of intellectual ability and executive function, using hypercapnic challenge blood oxygen level –dependent magnetic resonance imaging of cerebrovascular reactivity in a consecutive cohort of children with confirmed moyamoya. Thirty children were included in the final analysis (mean age: 12.55 ± 3.03 years, 17 females, 15 idiopathic moyamoya and 15 syndromic moyamoya). Frontal haemodyna mics were abnormal in all regardless of stroke history and comorbidity, but occipital lobe haemodynamics were also abnormal in children with syndromic moyamoya. E...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 25, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

tPA-NMDAR Signaling Blockade Reduces the Incidence of Intracerebral Aneurysms
AbstractIntracranial aneurysms (IAs) are pathological dilatations affecting cerebral arteries, and their ruptures lead to devasting intracranial hemorrhages. Although the mechanisms underlying the IA formation and rupture are still unclear, some factors have been identified as critical in the control of the vascular remodeling pathways associated with aneurysms. In a preclinical model, we have previously proposed the implication of the vascular serine protease, the tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), as one of the key players in this pathology. Here, we provide insights into the mechanism by which tPA is implicated in...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 21, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research