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Source: Translational Stroke Research
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Total 512 results found since Jan 2013.
Activation of Sigma-1 Receptor Enhanced Pericyte Survival via the Interplay Between Apoptosis and Autophagy: Implications for Blood –Brain Barrier Integrity in Stroke
This study identified the unique roles for σ-1R in mediating pericyte survival via the regulation of the interplay between apoptosis and autophagy, suggesting that a novel σ-1R agonist may be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of stroke patients.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 8, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Proteomic-Based Approaches for the Study of Ischemic Stroke
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 4, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Intracerebral Hemorrhage –Induced Brain Injury in Rats: the Role of Extracellular Peroxiredoxin 2
AbstractRed blood cell (RBC) lysis within the hematoma causes brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage. Peroxiredoxin 2 (PRX-2) is the third most abundant protein in RBCs and this study examined the potential role of PRX-2 in inducing brain injury in rats. First, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats had an intracaudate injection of lysed RBCs or saline. Brains were harvested at 1 h to measure PRX-2 levels. Second, rats had an intracaudate injection of either recombinant PRX-2, heat-inactivated PRX-2, or saline. Third, rats had intracaudate co-injection of lysed RBCs with conoidin A, a PRX-2 inhibitor, or vehicle. For th...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 3, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Pericytic Laminin Maintains Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in an Age-Dependent Manner
AbstractBrain pericytes synthesize and deposit laminin at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The function of pericyte-derived laminin in BBB maintenance remains largely unknown. In a previous study, we generated pericytic laminin conditional knockout (PKO) mice, which developed BBB breakdown and hydrocephalus in a mixed genetic background. However, since hydrocephalus itself can compromise BBB integrity, it remains unclear whether BBB disruption in these mutants is due to loss of pericytic laminin or secondary to hydrocephalus. Here, we report that, in C57Bl6 dominant background, the PKO mice fail to show hydrocephalus, have a...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 17, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Chronic Kidney Disease Increases Cerebral Microbleeds in Mouse and Man
We examined the interaction between CKD and brain microhemorrhages (the neuropathological substrate of microbleeds) in mouse and cell culture models and studied progression of microbleed burden on serial brain imaging from humans.Mouse studies: Two CKD models were investigated: adenine-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis and surgical 5/6 nephrectomy.Cell culture studies: bEnd.3 mouse brain endothelial cells were grown to confluence, and monolayer integrity was measured after exposure to 5 –15% human uremic serum or increasing concentrations of urea.Human studies: Progression of brain microbleeds was evaluated on serial ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 3, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Strictly Lobar Cerebral Microbleeds Are Associated with Increased White Matter Volume
AbstractCerebral small vessel diseases (CSVD), such as white matter hyperintensities (WMH), have been acknowledged as a cause of brain atrophy. However, the relationship between brain volumes and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) has not yet been determined. We aimed to evaluate whether the presence and topography of CMBs are associated with altered volumes of gray matter (GMV) and white matter (WMV). Non-stroke and non-demented subjects were prospectively recruited from the I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study. High-resolution 3-T MRI was performed to quantify total and regional WMV and GMV, including Alzheimer ’s disease-susceptib...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - April 28, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Obesity Paradox in Ischemic Stroke: Clinical and Molecular Insights
AbstractIt has recently emerged the concept of “obesity paradox,” a term used to describe the unexpected improved prognosis and lower mortality rates found in several diseases in patients with higher body weight. Concerning stroke, few clinical studies have assessed this obesity paradox showing contradictory results. Therefore, our aim was t o compare clinical evolution and inflammatory balance of obese and non-obese patients after ischemic stroke. We designed a prospective case-control study in patients with acute ischemic stroke categorized into obese (body mass index, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and non-obese (BMI <...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - April 12, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Exploration of MST1-Mediated Secondary Brain Injury Induced by Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats via Hippo Signaling Pathway
AbstractIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a serious public health problem which causes high rates of disability and mortality in adults. Cell apoptosis is a sign of secondary brain injury (SBI) following ICH. Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase-1 (MST1), an apoptosis-promoting kinase, is a part of the Hippo signaling pathway and involved in cell death, oxidative stress, and inflammation. However, the role and underlying mechanism of MST1 in SBI induced by ICH have not yet been fully explained. The main purpose of present research was to explore the role of MST1 and its potential mechanism in SBI after ICH. An ICH model was es...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - April 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Vascular Arginase Is a Relevant Target to Improve Cerebrovascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Evidence from the Model of Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis
In conclusion, arthritis induced a cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction involving an imbalance in the arginase/NOS pathway. Arginase inhibition appears as a promising therapy beyond anti-rheumatic drugs for reducing the risk of cerebrovascular diseases in RA.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 17, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neuroprotection Induced by Energy and Protein-Energy Undernutrition Is Phase-Dependent After Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice
AbstractMalnutrition predisposes to poor stroke outcome. In animal models, undernutrition protected against ischemic injury in some, but not in other studies. In view of diverse stroke models and food restriction paradigms, the consequences of undernutrition are poorly understood. Herein, we exposed mice to energy-reduced and protein-energy-reduced diets for 7 –30 days and subsequently induced intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Undernutrition phase dependently influenced ischemic injury. Short-lasting 7 days of protein-energy undernutrition, but not energy undernutrition, decreased post-ischemic brain leuko...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 17, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Functional Dynamics of Neutrophils After Ischemic Stroke
AbstractNeutrophils are forerunners to brain lesions after ischemic stroke and exert elaborate functions. However, temporal alterations of cell count, polarity, extracellular trap formation, and clearance of neutrophils remain poorly understood. The current study was aimed at providing basic information of neutrophil function throughout a time course following stroke onset in patients and animal subjects. We found that neutrophil constitution in peripheral blood increased soon after stroke onset of patients, and higher neutrophil count indicated detrimental stroke outcomes. Comparably, neutrophil count in peripheral blood ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 6, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Intracerebroventricular Delivery of Recombinant NAMPT Deters Inflammation and Protects Against Cerebral Ischemia
AbstractOur previous study indicated that nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is released from cells and might be an important extracellular neuroprotective factor in brain ischemia. Here, we tested whether NAMPT protects against ischemic brain injury when administered directly into the intracerebroventricular (ICV) compartment of the cranium. Recombinant NAMPT protein (2 μg) was delivered ICV in mice subjected to 45-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and the effects on infarct volume, sensorimotor function, microglia/macrophage polarization, neutrophil infiltration, and BBB integrity were analyzed....
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 28, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Management of De Novo Carotid Stenosis and Postintervention Restenosis —Carotid Endarterectomy Versus Carotid Artery Stenting—a Review of Literature
AbstractThe current literature indicates carotid endarterectomy (CEA) as the preferred treatment for symptomatic, moderate to severe carotid artery stenosis. However, recommendations for the management of acute tandem stenosis and complete occlusion, as well as postintervention restenosis of the carotid artery, remain controversial. Here, we review the literature evaluating these conditions and provide suggestions for clinical decision-making. Acute tandem stenosis or occlusion of the common and internal carotid arteries may be treated with angioplasty alone, reserving carotid artery stenting (CAS) or CEA for severe and co...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Lactate Dehydrogenase Predicts Early Hematoma Expansion and Poor Outcomes in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients
In conclusion, LD H is a reliable predictor for early hematoma expansion and poor outcomes in patients with ICH.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 31, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Loss of Endothelial Laminin α5 Exacerbates Hemorrhagic Brain Injury
In this study, we generated endothelium-specific lama5 conditional knockout ( α5-TKO) mice and investigated the biological functions of endothelial lama5 in blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintenance under homeostatic conditions and the pathogenesis of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). First, the BBB integrity of α5-TKO mice was measured under homeostatic conditions. Next, ICH was induced in α5-TKO mice and their littermate controls using the collagenase model. Various parameters, including injury volume, neuronal death, neurological score, brain edema, BBB integrity, inflammatory cell infiltration, and gliosis, were examined ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 29, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
