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Source: Translational Stroke Research
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Total 512 results found since Jan 2013.
Compartmentalized Actions of the Plasminogen Activator Inhibitors, PAI-1 and Nsp, in Ischemic Stroke
In this study, we compare the effects of PAI-1 and Nsp deficiency in a mouse model of ischemic stroke and show that tPA has both beneficial and harmful effects that are differentially regulated by PAI-1 and Nsp. F ollowing ischemic stroke Nsp deficiency in mice leads to larger strokes, increased BBB permeability, and increased spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. In contrast, PAI-1 deficiency results in smaller infarcts and increased cerebral blood flow recovery. Mechanistically, our data suggests that these differences are largely due to the compartmentalized action of PAI-1 and Nsp, with Nsp deficiency enhancing tPA act...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 4, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Normal-Appearing White Matter Deteriorates over the Year After an Ischemic Stroke and Is Associated with Global Cognition
AbstractNormal-appearing white matter (NAWM) is a hub of plasticity, but data relating to its influence on post-ischemic stroke (IS) outcome remain scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between NAWM integrity and cognitive outcome after an IS. A longitudinal study was conducted including supra-tentorial IS patients. A 3-Tesla brain MRI was performed at baseline and 1 year, allowing the analyses of mean fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in NAWM masks, along with the volume of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and IS. A Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), an Isaacs set test, ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
In Vivo Vasospasm Induction by Ultrasound Application in the Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane Model
In this study, we assessed the reliability of in vivo vasospasm induction by ultrasound application in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. After incubation of fertilized chicken eggs for four days, a fenestration was performed to enable examination of the CAM vessels. On the thirteenth day, continuous-wave ultrasound (3 MHz, 1 W/cm2) was applied on the CAM vessels for 60 s. The ultrasound effect on the vessels was recorded by life imaging (5-MP HD-microscope camera, Leica®). The induced vessel diameter changes were evaluated in a defined time interval of 20 min using a Fiji macro. The vessel diameter b...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 21, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Genetic Basis of Moyamoya Disease
AbstractMoyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare cerebrovascular disease characterized by progressive spontaneous bilateral occlusion of the intracranial internal cerebral arteries (ICA) and their major branches with compensatory capillary collaterals resembling a “puff of smoke” (Japanese: Moyamoya) on cerebral angiography. These pathological alterations of the vessels are called Moyamoya arteriopathy or vasculopathy and a further distinction is made between primary and secondary MMD. Clinical presentation depends on age and population, with hemorrhage and ischemic infarcts in particular leading to severe neurological dysfun...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 18, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Quantitative Analysis of Stress-Induced Hyperglycemia and Intracranial Blood Volumes for Predicting Mortality After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
In conclusion, GG independently predicts mortality in ICH patients and positively correlates with IPH and IVH volumes. However, causality between the two is not established and would require specifically designed studies.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 18, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neural Stem Cells Therapy for Ischemic Stroke: Progress and Challenges
AbstractIschemic stroke, with its high morbidity and mortality, is the most common cerebrovascular accident and results in severe neurological deficits. Despite advances in medical and surgical intervention, post-stroke therapies remain scarce, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Over the past decades, stem cell transplantation has been recognized as very promising therapy for neurological diseases. Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation is the optimal choice for ischemic stroke as NSCs inherently reside in the brain and can potentially differentiate into a variety of cell types within the central nerv...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 15, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Increased Concentrations of Atherogenic Proteins in Aneurysm Sac Are Associated with Wall Enhancement of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm
This study sought to investigate whether the luminal concentrations of atherosclerotic proteins in the aneurysm sac were associated with increased wall enhancement of UIAs in VWI. Subjects undergoing endovascular treatment for UIAs were prospectively recruited. All subjects underwent evaluation using 3 T-MRI including pre/post contrast VWI of the UIAs. Blood samples were collected from the aneurysm sac and the parent artery during endovascular procedures. The presence of AWE was correlated with the delta difference in concentration between the aneurysm sac and the parent artery for each atherosc lerotic protein. A total ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 14, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Parkinson ’s Disease and Ischemic Stroke: a Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
AbstractWe aimed to assess the potential causal association between Parkinson ’s disease (PD) and ischemic stroke (IS) with Mendelian randomization methods. Summary statistics data from two large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 33,674 PD cases and 40,585 IS cases were used in this study. We used inverse variance-weighted method for primary analysis, and fou r other Mendelian randomization methods (weighted median, MR-Egger regression methods, robust adjusted profile score, radial regression) to test whether PD was causal for IS and its subtypes. Analyses were bidirectional to assess reverse causality. Pr...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 11, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Comparative Studies of Cerebral Reperfusion Injury in the Posterior and Anterior Circulations After Mechanical Thrombectomy
AbstractCerebral reperfusion injury is the major complication of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Contrast extravasation (CE) and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) are the key radiographical features of cerebral reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to investigate CE and ICH after MT in the anterior and posterior circulation, and their effect on functional outcome. This is a retrospective study of all consecutive patients who were treated with MT for AIS at University of California Irvine Medical Center between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2017. Patient characteristics, clinical featur...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 10, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Genome-Wide Association Study of Clinical Outcome After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Protocol
AbstractAneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) results in persistent clinical deficits which prevent survivors from returning to normal daily functioning. Only a small fraction of the variation in clinical outcome following aSAH is explained by known clinical, demographic and imaging variables; meaning additional unknown factors must play a key role in clinical outcome. There is a growing body of evidence that genetic variation is important in determining outcome following aSAH. Understanding genetic determinants of outcome will help to improve prognostic modelling, stratify patients in clinical trials and target novel...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 6, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Ultrasound-Induced Release of Nimodipine from Drug-Loaded Block Copolymer Micelles: In Vivo Analysis
In this study, we aimed to assess the concept of controlled drug release from nimodipine-loaded copolymers by ultrasound application in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Nimodipine-loaded copolymers were produced with the direct dissolution method. Vasospasm of the CAM vessels was induced by means of ultrasound (Physiomed, continuous wave, 3 MHz, 1.0 W/cm2). The ultrasound-mediated nimodipine release (Physiomed, continuous wave, 1 MHz, 1.7 W/cm2) and its effect on the CAM vessels were evaluated. Measurements of vessel diameter before and after ultrasound-induced nimodipine release were performed using...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 5, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Markers of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Adults with Moyamoya Disease
In conclusion, this study provided a novel and potential framework for the practical assessment of MMD by magnetic resonance imaging.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - November 28, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Collateral Supply in Preclinical Cerebral Stroke Models
AbstractEnhancing the collateral blood supply during the acute phase of cerebral ischemia may limit both the extension of the core infarct, by rescuing the penumbra area, and the degree of disability. Many imaging techniques have been applied to rodents in preclinical studies, to evaluate the magnitude of collateral blood flow and the time course of responses during the early phase of ischemic stroke. The collateral supply follows several different routes at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis) and its surface (leptomeningeal or pial arteries), corresponding to the proximal and distal collateral pathways, respectiv...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - November 19, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
MicroRNA miR-21 Decreases Post-stroke Brain Damage in Rodents
AbstractDue to their role in controlling translation, microRNAs emerged as novel therapeutic targets to modulate post-stroke outcomes. We previously reported that miR-21 is the most abundantly induced microRNA in the brain of rodents subjected to preconditioning-induced cerebral ischemic tolerance. We currently show that intracerebral administration of miR-21 mimic decreased the infarct volume and promoted better motor function recovery in adult male and female C57BL/6 mice subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. The miR-21 mimic treatment is also efficacious in aged mice of both sexes subjected to focal i...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - November 18, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Medical and Endovascular Treatments for Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis: A Network Meta-Analysis
AbstractMedical treatment and endovascular therapy are widely used for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis, but the best treatment strategy remains uncertain. The goal of this study was to compare the safety and effectiveness of medical treatment, stenting, and primary balloon angioplasty (PBA). We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE for trials comparing these three treatments for intracranial stenosis up to December 24, 2020. We performed a network meta-analysis with random-effects models. The primary outcome was any stroke or death during a long-term follow-up. Secondary outcomes included ischemic stroke, intracranial...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - November 18, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
