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Drug: Metformin

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Total 446 results found since Jan 2013.

Meta-analysis Assessing the Effect of Sodium-glucose Co-transporter-2 Inhibitors on Left Ventricular Mass in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has evolved as a pandemic of the 21st century, while cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects almost one third of patients and represents the cause of death in more than half cases, with coronary artery disease, heart failure (HF) and stroke being the main contributors.1 Hallmark cardiovascular outcome trials published during the last five years have established a novel class of antidiabetics, namely sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors as a primary treatment option in patients with HF, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or chronic kidney disease (CKD), along with the ...
Source: The American Journal of Cardiology - August 6, 2020 Category: Cardiology Authors: Dimitrios Patoulias, Christodoulos Papadopoulos, Alexandra Katsimardou, Maria-Styliani Kalogirou, Michael Doumas Source Type: research

Acute administration of metformin prior to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury protects brain injury.
Abstract Myocardial ischemia is the malperfusion of cardiac tissue due to a blockage in a coronary artery. Subsequent return of blood flow to the ischemic area of the heart, results in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the heart and other organs, including the brain. Besides the cardioprotective effects of metformin on the heart against cardiac I/R injury, metformin also reduced neuronal injury in a stroke model. However, the effects of metformin on the brain following cardiac I/R injury has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we hypothesize that metformin reduces brain damage via decreasing brain mitochondri...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - July 31, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Leech T, Apaijai N, Palee S, Higgins LA, Maneechote C, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC Tags: Eur J Pharmacol Source Type: research

Sodium –glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors compared with other glucose‐lowering drugs in Japan: Subanalyses of the CVD‐REAL 2 Study
In conclusion, SGLT2i initiators had lower risks of cardiovascular events versus other glucose‐lowering drug initiators and, uniquely, versus DPP4i initiators in Japanese real‐world practice.
Source: Journal of Diabetes Investigation - July 25, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Shun Kohsaka, Masayoshi Takeda, Johan Bodeg ård, Marcus Thuresson, Mikhail Kosiborod, Toshitaka Yajima, Eric Wittbrodt, Peter Fenici Tags: Short Report Source Type: research

Comparative Effectiveness of Glucose-Lowering Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.
CONCLUSION: In diabetic patients at low cardiovascular risk, no treatment differs from placebo for vascular outcomes. In patients at increased cardiovascular risk receiving metformin-based background therapy, specific GLP-1 RAs and SGLT-2 inhibitors have a favorable effect on certain cardiovascular outcomes. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes, supported by an unrestricted educational grant from AstraZeneca. (PROSPERO: CRD42019122043). PMID: 32598218 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Annals of Internal Medicine - June 29, 2020 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Tsapas A, Avgerinos I, Karagiannis T, Malandris K, Manolopoulos A, Andreadis P, Liakos A, Matthews DR, Bekiari E Tags: Ann Intern Med Source Type: research

Development of a new GC –MS/MS method for the determination of metformin in human hair
In this study the authors have developed a GC/MS–MS method for the detection and the quantification of metformin in human hair and have applied it to patients under treatment. Measured concentrations range from 0.3 to 3.8 ng/mg. Me tformin appears to be poorly incorporated into hair, given a daily dose of 1 to 3 g. There is probably a correlation between dose and concentration in dark hair. AbstractDiabetes mellitus is one of the most important public health challenges. Metformin (1,1 ‐dimethylbiguanide) represents the “gold standard” for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2. Despite its important role in redu...
Source: Drug Testing and Analysis - June 27, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Nadia Arbouche, Marie ‐Odile Batt, Jean‐Sebastien Raul, Pascal Kintz Tags: SHORT COMMUNICATION Source Type: research

SGLT2 inhibitors compared with other glucose ‐lowering drugs in Japan: Subanalyses of the CVD‐REAL 2 Study
In conclusion, SGLT2i initiators had lower risks of CV events versus oGLD initiators and, uniquely, versus DPP4i initiators in Japanese real‐world practice.
Source: Journal of Diabetes Investigation - June 11, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Shun Kohsaka, Masayoshi Takeda, Johan Bodegard, Marcus Thuresson, Mikhail Kosiborod, Toshitaka Yajima, Eric Wittbrodt, Peter Fenici Tags: SHORT REPORT Source Type: research

Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSIONS: There is no clear evidence whether metformin monotherapy compared with no intervention, behaviour changing interventions or other glucose-lowering drugs influences patient-important outcomes. PMID: 32501595 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - June 4, 2020 Category: General Medicine Authors: Gnesin F, Thuesen ACB, Kähler LKA, Madsbad S, Hemmingsen B Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Development of a new GC ‐MS/MS method for the determination of metformin in human hair
AbstractDiabetes mellitus is one of the most important public health challenges. Metformin (1,1 ‐dimethylbiguanide) represents the “gold standard” for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2. Despite its important role in reducing mortality and morbidity in the diabetic population, metformin is associated with an increased risk of stroke. To document exposure to a drug, hair is conside red to be the specimen of choice to complement blood and urine, since it provides historical detail of a subject's chronic exposure to drug(s). Measuring hair concentration of metformin can be important for forensic toxicologists inv...
Source: Drug Testing and Analysis - May 28, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Nadia Arbouche, Marie ‐Odile Batt, Jean‐Sebastien Raul, Pascal Kintz Tags: SHORT COMMUNICATION Source Type: research

Novel potent antiplatelet thrombotic agent derived from biguanide for ischemic stroke.
Abstract Platelet thrombosis is the main pathogeny resulting in the low curability of ischemic stroke, a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Metformin, a biguanide derivative that is the first-line oral medicine for type 2 diabetes, alleviates the severity of ischemic stroke in diabetic patients and suppresses platelet activation in experimental animal model. However, the clinical implementation of commercial biguanide analogs for stroke related to platelet thrombosis remains challenging due to its weak potency, poor pharmacokinetic characteristics and possible hypoglycemia. Here, twenty-three big...
Source: European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry - May 17, 2020 Category: Chemistry Authors: Xin G, Ming Y, Ji C, Wei Z, Li S, Morris-Natschke SL, Zhang X, Yu K, Li Y, Zhang B, Zhang J, Xing Z, He Y, Chen Z, Yang X, Niu H, Lee KH, Huang W Tags: Eur J Med Chem Source Type: research

Stroke in the patient with diabetes (Part 2) – Prevention and the effects of glucose lowering therapies
There is a higher incidence of stroke in both the type 2 diabetic and the non-diabetic insulin resistant patient which is accompanied by higher morbidity and mortality. Stroke primary prevention can be achieved by controlling atrial fibrillation and hypertension, and the utilization of statins and anticoagulant therapies. Utilizing pioglitazone and GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce the risk of stroke while the utilization of metformin, α-glucosidase inhibitors, DPP-4 and SGLT-2 inhibitors have no effect.
Source: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice - May 11, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Authors: David S.H. Bell, Edison Goncalves Tags: Review Source Type: research

Stroke in the patient with diabetes (Part 2) -Prevention and the effects of glucose lowering therapies
There is a higher incidence of stroke in both the type 2 diabetic and the non-diabetic insulin resistant patient which is accompanied by higher morbidity and mortality. Stroke primary prevention can be achieved by controlling atrial fibrillation and hypertension, and the utilization of statins and anticoagulant therapies. Utilizing pioglitazone and GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce the risk of stroke while the utilization of metformin, α-glucosidase inhibitors, DPP-4 and SGLT-2 inhibitors have no effect.
Source: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice - May 11, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Authors: David S.H. Bell, Edison Goncalves Tags: Review Source Type: research

Budget impact analysis for dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes in Egypt.
Conclusion: Treating T2DM patients using dapagliflozin instead of conventional medications, maximizes patient's benefits and decreases total costs due to drug cost offsets from fewer cardiovascular and renal events. The adoption of dapagliflozin is a budget-saving treatment option, resulting in substantial population-level health gains due to reduced event rate and cost savings from the perspective of the national healthcare system. PMID: 32364032 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Medical Economics - May 5, 2020 Category: Health Management Tags: J Med Econ Source Type: research

Exploring the Possible Impact of Unbalanced Open-Label Drop-In of Glucose-Lowering Medications on EXSCEL Outcomes.
Conclusions: EXSCEL-observed HRs for MACE and ACM remained robust after right censoring or application of literature-derived risk reductions, but the exenatide versus placebo MACE effect size and statistical significance were increased by IPTW. Effects of open-label drop-in cardioprotective medications need to be considered carefully when designing, conducting, and analyzing cardiovascular outcome trials of glucose-lowering agents under the premise of glycemic equipoise. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov Unique Identifier: NCT01144338. PMID: 32098501 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Circulation - February 25, 2020 Category: Cardiology Authors: Bethel MA, Stevens SR, Buse JB, Choi J, Gustavson SM, Iqbal N, Lokhnygina Y, Mentz RJ, Patel RA, Öhman P, Schernthaner G, Lecube A, Hernandez AF, Holman RR Tags: Circulation Source Type: research

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and SGLT2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: New Insights and Opportunities for Cardiovascular Protection.
Authors: Bertoccini L, Baroni MG Abstract The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral vascular disease) is twice in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients compared to non-diabetic subjects. Furthermore, cardiovascular disease (CV) is the leading cause of death in patients with T2D.In the last years several clinical intervention studies with new anti-hyperglycaemic drugs have been published, and they have shown a positive effect on the reduction of mortality and cardiovascular risk in T2D patients. In particular, these studies evaluated sodium/glucose-2 cotransporter inhibitors (SGLT2...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - February 9, 2020 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

Adult onset MELAS Syndrome Presenting as A Mimic of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis.
CONCLUSION: The clinical presentation and imaging studies of MELAS in adults are variable and may mimic those of HSE. Antiviral therapy should be administered until the diagnosis of MELAS is definitive. Infection and metformin may have also precipitated MELAS manifestation in this patient. Clinicians should avoid potential mitochondrial-toxic drugs in these patients. PMID: 31867706 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Acta Neurologica Taiwanica - December 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Tags: Acta Neurol Taiwan Source Type: research