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Drug: Losartan

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Total 204 results found since Jan 2013.

Combinational effect of angiotensin receptor blocker and folic acid therapy on uric acid and creatinine level in hyperhomocysteinemia associated hypertension
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Source: Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry - July 16, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yogendra Singh, Vijaya Paul Samuel, Sunita Dahiya, Gaurav Gupta, Ritu Gillhotra, Anurag Mishra, Mahaveer Singh, Nagaraja SreeHarsha, Shiva Kumar Gubbiyappa, Murtaza M. Tambuwala, Dinesh Kumar Chellappan, Kamal Dua Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Is Aberrant Reno-Renal Reflex Control of Blood Pressure a Contributor to Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Hypertension?
This study demonstrated unaltered vascular conductance in response to lumbar sympathetic stimulation in CIH-exposed rats. Aortic compliance was increased and estimated blood volume was unchanged in CIH-exposed rats. Increased blood pressure was related to an increase in cardiac output, which was confirmed by echocardiography (Lucking et al., 2014). It is suggested therefore that hypertension in the CIH model can be evoked by over-excitation of the cardiac arm of sympathetic nervous system (SNS), even before mechanisms of enhanced peripheral vasoconstriction and endothelial dysfunction are initiated (Naghshin et al., 2009)....
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

The holy grail of epilepsy prevention: preclinical approaches to antiepileptogenic treatments.
Abstract A variety of acute brain insults can induce epileptogenesis, a complex process that results in acquired epilepsy. Despite advances in understanding mechanisms of epileptogenesis, there is currently no approved treatment that prevents the development or progression of epilepsy in patients at risk. The current concept of epileptogenesis assumes a window of opportunity following acute brain insults that allows intervention with preventive treatment. Recent results suggest that injury-induced epileptogenesis can be a much more rapid process than previously thought, suggesting that the 'therapeutic window' may...
Source: Neuropharmacology - April 9, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Löscher W Tags: Neuropharmacology Source Type: research

Number and brightness analysis to study spatio-temporal distribution of the angiotensin II AT1 and the endothelin-1 ETA receptors: Influence of ligand binding
Publication date: Available online 6 March 2019Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General SubjectsAuthor(s): Nadir Planes, Michelle A. Digman, Patrick P.M.L. Vanderheyden, Enrico Gratton, Catherina Caballero-GeorgeAbstractThe angiotensin II AT1 and the endothelin 1 ETA receptors play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases like hypertension, heart failure, stroke, pulmonary hypertension, and cardiac hypertrophy. Both receptors are members of the rhodopsion-like superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors which can exist as monomers, dimers, and higher order aggregates.Recently, oligomerizati...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) General Subjects - March 7, 2019 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

Intranasal Losartan Decreases Perivascular Beta Amyloid, Inflammation, and the Decline of Neurogenesis in Hypertensive Rats
AbstractThe contribution of the local angiotensin receptor system to neuroinflammation, impaired neurogenesis, and amyloid beta (A β) accumulation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and in hypertension is consistent with the remarkable neuroprotection provided by angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) independent of their blood pressure-lowering effect. Considering the causal relationship between hypertension and AD and that targetin g cerebrovascular pathology with ARBs does not necessarily require their systemic effects, we tested intranasal losartan in the rat model of chronic hypertension (spontaneously hypertensive stroke-p...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - February 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Hemilingual Angioedema after Thrombolysis in a Patient on an Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker
We report a case of a 60-year-old male presenting with hyperacute ischemic stroke developing hemilingual edema after thrombolysis. He was previously maintained on an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), losartan. The swelling resolved over 2 days with immediate administration of intravenous steroids and antihistamine drugs.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - February 13, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Jose Danilo Bengzon Diestro, Lady Scarlette Pacsi Sedano, Nikolai Gil Diwa Reyes, Maria Cristina Zarsadias San Jose Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Post-stroke losartan and captopril treatments arrest hemorrhagic expansion in SHRsp without lowering blood pressure.
Abstract We assessed the ability of poststroke losartan and captopril treatment to attenuate hematoma expansion and plasma extravasation after intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke in Kyoto-Wistar stroke-prone hypertensive rats (SHRsp). Cerebrum volume, herniation and surface areas exhibiting new and old hemorrhages and albumin extravasation were measured prior to and after stroke and following 30 and 60 days of post-stroke losartan or captopril treatment in Evans Blue dye perfused brains. Lesion morphology was studied in serial sections. Losartan or captopril treatment initiated at stroke prevented death for 60 da...
Source: Vascular Pharmacology - August 13, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Smeda JS, Watson D, Stuckless J, Neghandi A Tags: Vascul Pharmacol Source Type: research

Acute aortic occlusion in a patient without risk factors
A 94-year-old female with a history of ischemic stroke, mild right hemiparesis, vascular dementia, breast cancer with right mastectomy, colon cancer resulting in colectomy, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension presented to the emergency department (ED) with bilateral leg pain. Patient had no smoking history, and her medications included Donepezil, Aspirin, Citalopram, Losartan, and Pantoprazole.
Source: The American Journal of Emergency Medicine - March 28, 2018 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Trina Stoneham, Erin L. Simon Source Type: research

Vasomodulatory effects of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist losartan on experimentally induced cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage
ConclusionIn a physiological and pathophysiological setup, losartan reduces a PGF2-induced vasoconstriction and reverses a PGF2a-precontraction completely. This fact can be integrated in pushing forward further concepts trying to antagonise/prevent cerebral vasospasm after SAH.
Source: Acta Neurochirurgica - December 6, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Source Type: research

Commonalities in epileptogenic processes from different acute brain insults: Do they translate?
Summary The most common forms of acquired epilepsies arise following acute brain insults such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, or central nervous system infections. Treatment is effective for only 60%‐70% of patients and remains symptomatic despite decades of effort to develop epilepsy prevention therapies. Recent preclinical efforts are focused on likely primary drivers of epileptogenesis, namely inflammation, neuron loss, plasticity, and circuit reorganization. This review suggests a path to identify neuronal and molecular targets for clinical testing of specific hypotheses about epileptogenesis and its prevention or...
Source: Epilepsia - December 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Pavel Klein, Raymond Dingledine, Eleonora Aronica, Christophe Bernard, Ingmar Bl ümcke, Detlev Boison, Martin J. Brodie, Amy R. Brooks‐Kayal, Jerome Engel, Patrick A. Forcelli, Lawrence J. Hirsch, Rafal M. Kaminski, Henrik Klitgaard, Katja Kobow, Danie Tags: CRITICAL REVIEW AND INVITED COMMENTARY Source Type: research

Moderate salt restriction with or without paricalcitol in type 2 diabetes and losartan-resistant macroalbuminuria (PROCEED): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial
This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01393808, and the European Union Clinical Trials Register, number 2011-001713-14. Findings Between Dec 13, 2011, and Feb 17, 2015, we randomly allocated 57 (50%) patients to a low-sodium diet (28 [49%] to paricalcitol then placebo and 29 [51%] to placebo then paricalcitol) and 58 (50%) to a high-sodium diet (29 [50%] to paricalcitol then placebo and 29 [50%] to placebo then paricalcitol). In the low-sodium group (30 mEq of daily sodium intake reduction, equivalent to approximately 1·7–1·8 g per day), 24 h albuminuria was reduced by 36·6% (95% CI 28·5–44·9...
Source: The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology - November 3, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Cerebrovascular recovery after stroke with individual and combined losartan and captopril treatment of SHRsp.
Abstract We assessed whether the superior restoration of cerebrovascular function after hemorrhagic stroke by losartan versus captopril treatment was due to better BP, uremia, uricaemia, or aldosterone control in Kyoto Wistar stroke-prone-hypertensive rats and evaluated whether elevated angiotensin II (A2) levels enhanced the effectiveness of losartan treatment. Constriction was studied in the middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) using a pressure myograph. Post-stroke survival increased from 21 to 310 and 189days respectively with losartan and captopril treatment. Neither treatment reduced BP, both reversed uremia and ...
Source: Vascular Pharmacology - August 18, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Smeda JS, Daneshtalab N Tags: Vascul Pharmacol Source Type: research

Early treatment with losartan effectively ameliorates hypertension and improves vascular remodeling and function in a prehypertensive rat model
This study investigated 1) whether early treatment with either losartan or amlodipine at the onset of prehypertension can prevent hypertension and 2) whether losartan and amlodipine equally improve vascular remodeling and function in a rat model of hypertension. Materials and methods Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) rats were administered losartan, amlodipine or saline for 6 or 16weeks at the onset of prehypertension. Wistar-Kyoto rats were used as a control. All groups were observed for 40weeks. Systolic blood pressure was measured using the tail-cuff method. Vascular structure and function were determined ...
Source: Life Sciences - February 1, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research