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Total 89 results found since Jan 2013.

Quantitative imaging mass spectroscopy reveals roles of heme oxygenase-2 for protecting against transhemispheric diaschisis in the brain ischemia.
In conclusion, these findings suggest that heme oxygenase-2 is involved in mechanisms by which not only protects against compromised energy metabolism of the ipsilateral hemisphere but also ameliorates transhemispheric diaschisis of the contralateral hemisphere in ischemic brain. PMID: 30087547 [PubMed]
Source: Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition - August 10, 2018 Category: Nutrition Tags: J Clin Biochem Nutr Source Type: research

Hookah smoking raises cardiovascular risk comparable to traditional cigarette smoking, study finds
This study is believed to be the first to investigate the effects of hookah smoking on stiffening of the arteries. Studies have shown that as cigarette use continues to decline, hookah smoking is rising, especially among youth and particularly among college students.“We know that flavored tobacco products are frequently the first kind of tobacco product used by youth,” Rezk-Hanna said. “One of the major issues with hookah is the fact that the tobacco is flavored with fruit, candy and alcohol flavors, making hookah the most popular flavored tobacco produc t among this audience.”According to the Food and Drug Admini...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - August 2, 2018 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

Hydrogen sulfide in physiological and pathological mechanisms in brain.
Abstract Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been widely known as a toxic gas for more than 300 years in scientific community. However, the understanding about this small molecule has changed recently as many physiological and pathological roles of H2S have been identified. Presently, H2S is considered as a third gasotransmitter and neuromodulator after carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO). H2S plays an important role in memory and cognition through mechanisms that involve long-term potentiation (LTP) and calcium homeostasis in the neuronal cells. The disturbances in endogenous H2S levels and trans-sulfuration pathwa...
Source: CNS and Neurological Disorders Drug Targets - June 4, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Kumar M, Sandhir R Tags: CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets Source Type: research

Associations Between Ambient Nitrogen Dioxide and Daily Cause-specific Mortality: Evidence from 272 Chinese Cities
Conclusions: The present study provided robust epidemiologic evidence of associations between day-to-day NO2 and mortality from total natural causes and main cardiorespiratory diseases that might be independent of other criteria air pollutants.
Source: Epidemiology - June 1, 2018 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Environmental Epidemiology Source Type: research

Cardiopulmonary factors affecting 6-min walk distance in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
In conclusion, impaired DLCO due to interstitial lung disease was suggested to be a fundamental parameter affecting exercise capacity, in addition to heart involvement, in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.
Source: Rheumatology International - May 14, 2018 Category: Rheumatology Source Type: research

Associations between short-term exposure to ambient sulfur dioxide and increased cause-specific mortality in 272 Chinese cities.
CONCLUSIONS: This nationwide study demonstrated associations of daily SO2 concentrations with increased total and cardiorespiratory mortality, but the associations might not be independent from NO2. PMID: 29715611 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Environment International - April 28, 2018 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Wang L, Liu C, Meng X, Niu Y, Lin Z, Liu Y, Liu J, Qi J, You J, Tse LA, Chen J, Zhou M, Chen R, Yin P, Kan H Tags: Environ Int Source Type: research

Performance and emission characteristics of a bio-lubricated two-stroke gasoline engine.
Abstract Two-stroke petrol engines find wide applications in the areas like chain saws, weed cutters, and power sprayers because of their compactness and higher power to weight ratio. In the present study, the feasibility of using vegetable-based lubricant instead of ordinary mineral 2 T oil is investigated. M15 (85% petrol + 15% methanol) and E15 (85% petrol + 15% ethanol) blend with gasoline are used as the fuel. Experiments were carried out in a two-stroke air-cooled engine equipped with a rope brake dynamometer. It is observed that the vegetable-based lubricant (sunflower oil) is miscible with the tested fuel...
Source: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International - April 19, 2018 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Kumar S, Dinesha P, Rosen MA Tags: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Source Type: research

Comparative studies on the performance and emissions of a direct injection diesel engine fueled with neem oil and pumpkin seed oil biodiesel with and without fuel preheater.
Abstract In the present experimental analysis, two non-edible oils namely neem oil and pumpkin seed oil were considered. They are converted into respective biodiesels namely neem oil methyl ester (B1) and pumpkin seed oil methyl ester (B2) through transesterification process and their physical and chemical properties were examined using ASTM standards. Diesel was used as a baseline fuel in Kirloskar TV1 model direct injection four stroke diesel engine. A fuel preheater was designed and fabricated to operate at various temperatures (60, 70, and 80 °C). Diesel showed higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) than biod...
Source: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International - December 1, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Ramakrishnan M, Rathinam TM, Viswanathan K Tags: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Source Type: research

Ambient Ozone Pollution and Daily Mortality: A Nationwide Study in 272 Chinese Cities
Conclusions: Our findings provide robust evidence of higher nonaccidental and cardiovascular mortality in association with short-term exposure to ambient ozone in China. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1849 Received: 4 March 2017 Revised: 3 October 2017 Accepted: 20 October 2017 Published: 21 November 2017 Address correspondence to H. Kan, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, P.O. Box 249, 130 Dong-An Road, Shanghai 200032, China. Telephone: 86 (21) 5423 7908. Email: kanh@fudan.edu.cn and M. Zhou, National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chines...
Source: EHP Research - November 21, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Research Source Type: research

Associations between Ambient Fine Particulate Oxidative Potential and Cardiorespiratory Emergency Department Visits
Conclusions: Lag 0–2 OPDTT was associated with ED visits for multiple cardiorespiratory outcomes, providing support for the utility of OPDTT as a measure of fine particle toxicity. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1545 Received: 23 December 2016 Revised: 4 August 2017 Accepted: 12 August 2017 Published: 26 October 2017 Please address correspondence to J.Y. Abrams, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NCEZID/DHCPP, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, CDC Mailstop A30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Telephone: (404) 639-5121. Email: jabrams@cdc.gov Supplemental Material is available online (https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1545). The authors ...
Source: EHP Research - October 26, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Research Source Type: research

Carbon Monoxide Preserves Circadian Rhythm to Reduce the Severity of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice Basic Sciences
Conclusions—Clock gene expression regulates, in part, the severity of SAH and requires myeloid HO-1 activity to clear the erythrocyte burden and inhibit neuronal apoptosis. Exposure to CO rescues the loss of HO-1 and thus merits further investigation in patients with SAH.
Source: Stroke - August 28, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Nils Schallner, Judith-Lisa Lieberum, David Gallo, Robert H. LeBlanc III, Patrick M. Fuller, Khalid A. Hanafy, Leo E. Otterbein Tags: Inflammation, Translational Studies, Intracranial Hemorrhage Original Contributions Source Type: research

Effect of small proportion of butanol additive on the performance, emission, and combustion of Australian native first- and second-generation biodiesel in a diesel engine.
Abstract This paper aims to investigate the effect of the addition of 5% alcohol (butanol) with biodiesel-diesel blends on the performance, emissions, and combustion of a naturally aspirated four stroke multi-cylinder diesel engine at different engine speeds (1200 to 2400 rpm) under full load conditions. Three types of local Australian biodiesel, namely macadamia biodiesel (MB), rice bran biodiesel (RB), and waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCB), were used for this study, and the data was compared with results for conventional diesel fuel (B0). Performance results showed that the addition of butanol with diesel-biodi...
Source: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International - August 12, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Rahman MM, Rasul MG, Hassan NMS, Azad AK, Uddin MN Tags: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Source Type: research

Effects of air/fuel ratio on gas emissions in a small spark-ignited non-road engine operating with different gasoline/ethanol blends.
This study investigates the effects of several blends of gasoline and anhydrous ethanol on exhaust emission concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbons (HCs), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from a small spark-ignited non-road engine (SSINRE). Tests were carried out for different air/fuel equivalence ratios as measured by lambda (λ). A 196 cm(3) single-cylinder four-stroke engine-generator operating at a constant load of 2.0 kW was used; pollutant gas concentrations were measured with an automatic analyzer similar to those typically used in vehicle inspections. The results showed that as the ethanol content of ...
Source: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International - July 13, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Schirmer WN, Olanyk LZ, Guedes CLB, Quessada TP, Ribeiro CB, Capanema MA Tags: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Source Type: research

Association between ambient air pollution and hospitalization for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in China: A multicity case-crossover study.
Abstract There is growing interest in the association between ambient air pollution and stroke, but few studies have investigated the association in developing countries. The primary objective of this study was to examine the association between levels of ambient air pollutants and hospital admission for stroke in China. A time-stratified case-crossover analysis was conducted between 2014 and 2015 in 14 large Chinese cities among 200,958 ischemic stroke and 41,746 hemorrhagic stroke hospitalizations. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate the percentage changes in stroke admissions in relation to inte...
Source: Environmental Pollution - June 24, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Liu H, Tian Y, Xu Y, Huang Z, Huang C, Hu Y, Zhang J Tags: Environ Pollut Source Type: research

Air pollution and cardiovascular events at labor and delivery: a case-crossover analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular events at labor/delivery merit more attention in relation to air pollution. PMID: 28552468 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Annals of Epidemiology - May 12, 2017 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Ha S, Männistö T, Liu D, Sherman S, Ying Q, Mendola P Tags: Ann Epidemiol Source Type: research