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Neural stem cells promote glioblastoma formation in nude mice
ConclusionsThese results imply the potential role that NSCs play in speeding up tumor formation in the process of glioblastoma relapse, providing the basis for dealing with newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients, which may help postpone the recurrence of glioblastoma as far as possible through preprocessing the tumor-adjacent SVZ tissue.
Source: Clinical and Translational Oncology - April 2, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Expanding spectrum of anticancer drug, imatinib, in the disorders affecting brain and spinal cord
Publication date: Available online 19 March 2019Source: Pharmacological ResearchAuthor(s): Manish Kumar, Ritu Kulshrestha, Nirmal Singh, Amteshwar Singh JaggiAbstractImatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and is used as a first line drug in the treatment of Philadelphia-chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukaemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Being tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib modulates the activities of Abelson gene (c-Abl), Abelson related gene (ARG), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), lymphocyte-specific protein (Lck), mitogen activated protein kinase (MA...
Source: Pharmacological Research - March 20, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Human stem cells transplanted into the rat stroke brain migrate to spleen via lymphatic and inflammation pathways.
This study is the first to demonstrate brain-to-periphery migration of stem cells, advancing the novel concept of harnessing the lymphatic system in mobilizing stem cells to sequester peripheral inflammation as a brain repair strategy. PMID: 30514806 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Haematologica - December 4, 2018 Category: Hematology Authors: Xu K, Lee JY, Kaneko Y, Tuazon JP, Vale F, van Loveren H, Borlongan CV Tags: Haematologica Source Type: research

CTRP9 ameliorates cellular senescence via PGC ‑1α/AMPK signaling in mesenchymal stem cells.
CTRP9 ameliorates cellular senescence via PGC‑1α/AMPK signaling in mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Mol Med. 2018 May 09;: Authors: Li Q, Zhu Z, Wang C, Cai L, Lu J, Wang Y, Xu J, Su Z, Zheng W, Chen X Abstract Stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide, and thus, it imposes great financial burdens on both individuals and society. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a promising approach for ischemic brain injury. However, MSC treatment potential is progressively reduced with age, limiting their therapeutic efficacy for brain repair post‑stroke. C1q and tumor necrosis factor‑relat...
Source: International Journal of Molecular Medicine - May 9, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Li Q, Zhu Z, Wang C, Cai L, Lu J, Wang Y, Xu J, Su Z, Zheng W, Chen X Tags: Int J Mol Med Source Type: research

Therapeutic angiogenesis of exosomes for ischemic stroke.
Authors: Manuel GE, Johnson T, Liu D Abstract Angiogenesis is the process through which new blood vessels are formed, while therapeutic angiogenesis aims to promote and control the angiogenic response. Ischemia results from the lack of blood flow with oxygen and nutrients. Therapeutic angiogenesis is crucial in preserving brain tissue and bodily functions after ischemic stroke. Various approaches have been proposed to promote angiogenesis in ischemic diseases. Traditional protein/gene and subsequent stem/progenitor cell approaches have not shown consistent efficacy for ischemic diseases in clinical trials. Exosomes...
Source: International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology - January 21, 2018 Category: Physiology Tags: Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

MicroRNA-9 Couples Brain Neurogenesis and Angiogenesis
Publication date: 15 August 2017 Source:Cell Reports, Volume 20, Issue 7 Author(s): Romain Madelaine, Steven A. Sloan, Nina Huber, James H. Notwell, Louis C. Leung, Gemini Skariah, Caroline Halluin, Sergiu P. Paşca, Gill Bejerano, Mark A. Krasnow, Ben A. Barres, Philippe Mourrain In the developing brain, neurons expressing VEGF-A and blood vessels grow in close apposition, but many of the molecular pathways regulating neuronal VEGF-A and neurovascular system development remain to be deciphered. Here, we show that miR-9 links neurogenesis and angiogenesis through the formation of neurons expressing VEGF-A. We found that m...
Source: Cell Reports - August 17, 2017 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Is red hair gene linked to increased risk of Parkinson's?
Conclusion This study looked at the role the red hair gene MC1R plays in the brains of mice. The findings suggest the gene has a part to play in keeping certain nerve cells in the brain alive. The cells in question are those that die off in Parkinson's disease and cause the condition's characteristic movement problems. These findings in mice are likely to need further investigation in human cells and tissue in lab studies. Exactly what causes brain cells to die, causing Parkinson's disease, is unknown. As with many conditions, it's thought both genetic and environmental factors could play a role. Research like this helps...
Source: NHS News Feed - March 6, 2017 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Cancer Genetics/stem cells Source Type: news

Human Muse Cells Reconstruct Neuronal Circuitry in Subacute Lacunar Stroke Model Basic Sciences
Conclusions—Transplantation at the delayed subacute phase showed muse cells differentiated into neural cells, facilitated neural reconstruction, improved functions, and displayed solid safety outcomes over prolonged graft maturation period, indicating their therapeutic potential for lacunar stroke.
Source: Stroke - January 22, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Hiroki Uchida, Kuniyasu Niizuma, Yoshihiro Kushida, Shohei Wakao, Teiji Tominaga, Cesario V. Borlongan, Mari Dezawa Tags: Cell Therapy, Stem Cells, Translational Studies, Ischemic Stroke Original Contributions Source Type: research

Reflections on the Future of Medicine
Recently, I traveled through China. I climbed mountains, hiked through forests, crossed deep valleys. I visited cities of every size. I floated across lakes and traveled beautiful shorelines churning with life. As a man of a certain age, I began to compare the permanence of the timeless landscape with the evanescence of my own existence. Yet, as a scientist, I knew these reflections were flawed. Scientists are trained to think in terms of aeons, millenia, and lifetimes. Consider the paradox. Is it the solid mountain or fragile the forest that is permanent? Is it the massive shoreline cliffs or the teeming shore life that...
Source: Science - The Huffington Post - January 9, 2017 Category: Science Source Type: news

Direct Conversion of Somatic Cells into Induced Neurons
AbstractThe progressive loss and degeneration of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), as a result of traumas or diseases including Alzheimer ’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s disease, stroke, and traumatic injury to the brain and spinal cord, can usually have devastating effects on quality of life. The current strategies available for treatments are described including drug delivery, surgery, electrical stimulation, and cell-based tiss ue engineering approaches. However, apart from cell-based therapy, other attempts are limited in improving clinical outcomes. Recently, stem cell and neural stem cell (NSC) in part...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - December 15, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Intravenous administration of xenogenic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC) and ADMSC-derived exosomes markedly reduced brain infarct volume and preserved neurological function in rat after acute ischemic stroke.
In conclusion, xenogenic ADMSC/ADMSC-derived exosome therapy was safe and offered the additional benefit of reducing BIZ and improving neurological function in rat AIS. PMID: 27793019 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Oncotarget - October 31, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Oncotarget Source Type: research

Novel therapeutic transplantation of induced neural stem cells for stroke.
In this study, we used a mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). iNSCs (5 × 105) were injected directly into the ipsilateral striatum and cortex 24 hours after tMCAO. Histological analysis was performed at 7 days, 28 days, and 8 months after tMCAO. We found that iNSC transplantation successfully improved the survival rate of stroke model mice with significant functional recovery from the stroke. The fate of engrafted iNSCs was that the majority of iNSCs had differentiated into astroglial cells but not into neural cells in both the sham-operated brain and the post-stroke brain without forming a t...
Source: Cell Transplantation - September 19, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Yamashita T, Liu W, Matsumura Y, Miyagi R, Zhai Y, Kusaki M, Hishikawa N, Ohta Y, Kim SM, Kwak TH, Han DW, Abe K Tags: Cell Transplant Source Type: research

Mesenchymal stem cell ‐based treatments for stroke, neural trauma, and heat stroke
ConclusionThis review offers a testable platform for targeting microglial‐mediated cytokines in clinical trials based upon the rational design of MSC therapy in the future. MSCs that are derived from the placenta provide a great choice for stem cell therapy. Although targeting the microglial activation is an important approach to reduce the burden of the injury, it is not the only one. This review focuses on this specific aspect. Ischemic stroke, neural trauma, and heatstroke all cause cerebral ischemia‐related deficits. Exogenous MSC therapy is promising as a means of augmenting brain ischemia‐induced deficits. MSC...
Source: Brain and Behavior - August 2, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Yogi Chang ‐Yo Hsuan, Cheng‐Hsien Lin, Ching‐Ping Chang, Mao‐Tsun Lin Tags: Review Source Type: research

Lasting Impact of an Ephemeral Organ: The Role of the Placenta in Fetal Programming
Recent advances in molecular and imaging technologies, “omics” fields, and data sciences are offering researchers an unprecedented look at the placenta, the master regulator of the fetal environment.© EPA/National Geographic Channel/Alamy Studies of infants conceived during the Dutch “Hunger Winter” provided some of the earliest clues that prenatal stress could affect health much later in life.© Nationaal Archief  © Evan Oto/Science Source In one study, the placental microbiome had a similar taxonomic profile as the oral microbiome, illustrated here by...
Source: EHP Research - July 1, 2016 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Web Admin Tags: Featured Focus News July 2016 Source Type: research

Stem cell brain injections let people walk again after stroke
People once confined to wheelchairs because of stroke showed improvements in movement and speech with the help of stem cells injected into the brain
Source: New Scientist - Cancer - June 2, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

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