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Exosomes and the cardiovascular system: role in cardiovascular health and disease
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.PMID:35306667 | DOI:10.1113/JP282054
Source: The Journal of Physiology - March 20, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Karla B Neves Francisco J Rios Javier Sevilla-Montero Augusto C Montezano Rhian M Touyz Source Type: research

Molecular and pharmacological aspects of piperine as a potential molecule for disease prevention and management: evidence from clinical trials
CONCLUSION: Based on the current evidence, piperine can be the potential molecule for treatment of disease, and its significance of this molecule in the clinic is discussed.PMID:35127957 | PMC:PMC8796742 | DOI:10.1186/s43088-022-00196-1
Source: Appl Human Sci - February 7, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Amit Kumar Tripathi Anup Kumar Ray Sunil Kumar Mishra Source Type: research

New Peptides as Potential Players in the Crosstalk Between the Brain and Obesity, Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases
According to the World Health Organization report published in 2016, 650 million people worldwide suffer from obesity, almost three times more than in 1975. Obesity is defined as excessive fat accumulation which may impair health with non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke), and some cancers. Despite medical advances, cardiovascular complications are still the leading causes of death arising from obesity. Excessive fat accumulation is caused by the imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. The pathogenesis of this process is complex and not ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - August 23, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Monoclonal antibody as an emerging therapy for acute ischemic stroke.
Authors: Woods D, Jiang Q, Chu XP Abstract Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the 5th leading cause of death and the leading cause of neurological disability in the United States. The oxygen and glucose deprivation associated with AIS not only leads to neuronal cell death, but also increases the inflammatory response, therefore decreasing the functional outcome of the brain. The only pharmacological intervention approved by the US Federal Food and Drug Administration for treatment of AIS is tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), however, such treatment can only be given within 4.5 hours of the onset of stroke-like sympto...
Source: International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology - September 18, 2020 Category: Physiology Tags: Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase contributes to cocaine addiction through sirtuin 1.
Authors: Singh S, William M, Chu XP Abstract Drug addiction is a persistent mental illness and there is no effective treatment. The precise mechanisms underlying addictive responses have not been completely understood, although ion channels, neurotransmitters as well as their receptors, and intracellular endogenous molecules in the brain have been shown to play important roles in cocaine addiction. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is an important rate-limiting enzyme found throughout the body that converts the intracellular pool of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) into nicotinamide mononucleoti...
Source: International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology - January 31, 2020 Category: Physiology Tags: Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Influence of dual ‐specificity protein phosphatase 5 on mechanical properties of rat cerebral and renal arterioles
In this study, we found that KO ofDusp5 did not alter body weights, kidney and brain weights, plasma glucose, and HbA1C levels. The expression of pERK is higher in the nucleus of primary VSMC isolated fromDusp5 KO rats.Dusp5 KO rats exhibited eutrophic vascular hypotrophy with smaller intracerebral parenchymal arterioles and renal interlobular arterioles without changing the wall ‐to‐lumen ratios. These arterioles fromDusp5 KO rats displayed higher myogenic tones, better distensibility, greater compliance, and less stiffness compared with arterioles from WT control rats. VSMC ofDusp5 KO rats exhibited a stronger contra...
Source: Physiological Reports - January 19, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Huawei Zhang, Chao Zhang, Yedan Liu, Wenjun Gao, Shaoxun Wang, Xing Fang, Ya Guo, Man Li, Ruen Liu, Richard J. Roman, Peng Sun, Fan Fan Tags: ORIGINAL RESEARCH Source Type: research

Effects of Neurotrophic Factors in Glial Cells in the Central Nervous System: Expression and Properties in Neurodegeneration and Injury
Conclusion and Future Aspects This review summarizes available NTF expression data, compiles existing evidence on the effects of glial NTF signaling in healthy conditions and in disease models (Figure 1), and highlights the importance of this topic for future studies. The relationship between NTFs and glia is crucial for both the developing and adult brain. While some of these factors, such as NT-3 and CNTF, have highly potent effects on gliogenesis, others like BDNF and GDNF, are important for glia-mediated synapse formation. Neurotrophic factors play significant roles during neurodegenerative disorders. In many cases, ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Is Aberrant Reno-Renal Reflex Control of Blood Pressure a Contributor to Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Hypertension?
This study demonstrated unaltered vascular conductance in response to lumbar sympathetic stimulation in CIH-exposed rats. Aortic compliance was increased and estimated blood volume was unchanged in CIH-exposed rats. Increased blood pressure was related to an increase in cardiac output, which was confirmed by echocardiography (Lucking et al., 2014). It is suggested therefore that hypertension in the CIH model can be evoked by over-excitation of the cardiac arm of sympathetic nervous system (SNS), even before mechanisms of enhanced peripheral vasoconstriction and endothelial dysfunction are initiated (Naghshin et al., 2009)....
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 23, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

The lncRNA MALAT1 rs619586 G Variant Confers Decreased Susceptibility to Recurrent Miscarriage
In conclusion, our study suggests that the rs619586 G variant may have potential protective effects conferring a decreased risk of recurrent miscarriage in the southern Chinese population. Introduction Recurrent miscarriage is defined as the loss of two or more consecutive pregnancies before 20 weeks of gestation (Jaslow et al., 2010; Diejomaoh, 2015). The occurrence of recurrent miscarriage is associated with many factors, including genetic factors, immunological dysfunction, endocrine disorders, unhealthy lifestyles and defects of the reproductive organs (Saravelos and Regan, 2014; Sen et al., 2014; Garrido-Gimen...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 8, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Therapeutic angiogenesis of exosomes for ischemic stroke.
Authors: Manuel GE, Johnson T, Liu D Abstract Angiogenesis is the process through which new blood vessels are formed, while therapeutic angiogenesis aims to promote and control the angiogenic response. Ischemia results from the lack of blood flow with oxygen and nutrients. Therapeutic angiogenesis is crucial in preserving brain tissue and bodily functions after ischemic stroke. Various approaches have been proposed to promote angiogenesis in ischemic diseases. Traditional protein/gene and subsequent stem/progenitor cell approaches have not shown consistent efficacy for ischemic diseases in clinical trials. Exosomes...
Source: International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology - January 21, 2018 Category: Physiology Tags: Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Apoptotic markers and DNA damage are related to late phase of stroke: Involvement of dyslipidemia and inflammation
Publication date: 1 November 2015 Source:Physiology & Behavior, Volume 151 Author(s): Eduardo Tanuri Pascotini, Ariane Ethur Flores, Aline Kegler, Patricia Gabbi, Guilherme Vargas Bochi, Thais Doeler Algarve, Ana Lucia Cervi Prado, Marta M.M.F. Duarte, Ivana B.M. da Cruz, Rafael Noal Moresco, Luiz Fernando Freire Royes, Michele Rechia Fighera Oxidative stress and brain inflammation are thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of cerebral injury in acute stroke, leading to apoptosis and cell death. Lipid accumulation may lead to progression of carotid plaques and inflammation, contributing to incre...
Source: Physiology and Behavior - August 15, 2015 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibition attenuates middle cerebral artery remodeling but increases cerebral ischemic damage in hypertensive rats.
Abstract Hypertension causes vascular inflammation evidenced by an increase in perivascular macrophages and proinflammatory cytokines in the arterial wall. Perivascular macrophages depletion reduced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression in cerebral arteries of hypertensive rats and attenuated inward remodeling, suggesting that TNF-α might play a role in the remodeling process. We hypothesized that TNF-α inhibition would improve middle cerebral artery (MCA) structure and reduce damage after cerebral ischemia in hypertensive rats. Six-week-old male stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) were trea...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - July 11, 2014 Category: Physiology Authors: Pires PW, Girgla SS, Moreno G, McClain JL, Dorrance AM Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research