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Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in redox balance and diseases: a friend or foe?
Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2022 Jan 11. doi: 10.1038/s41401-021-00838-7. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+/NADPH) redox couples function as cofactors or/and substrates for numerous enzymes to retain cellular redox balance and energy metabolism. Thus, maintaining cellular NADH and NADPH balance is critical for sustaining cellular homeostasis. The sources of NADPH generation might determine its biological effects. Newly-recognized biosynthetic enzymes and genetically encoded biosensors help us better understand how cells maintain bi...
Source: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica - January 12, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Nirmala Koju Zheng-Hong Qin Rui Sheng Source Type: research

The metabolic suppressor 3-iodothyronamine enhances lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/forkhead box O1 signaling pathway
This study aimed to investigate the lipolytic potency of the metabolic suppressor 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) and its molecular mechanism in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Cells stained with Oil Red O showed a remarkable accumulation of lipid droplets by 20-d post-differentiation and a plateau at 26 - 30 day. Treatment with 100 μM T1AM for 6 h increased the liberation of free fatty acids (FFAs) and glycerol (P < 0.05) detected in the culture media. However, this stimulatory effect was significantly suppressed by ATGListatin, an inhibitor of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), suggesting that ATGL plays a rate-limiting ...
Source: J Physiol Pharmacol - October 20, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: M Kim K Park I Choi Source Type: research

Efficacy of Six Plants of Apiaceae Family for Body Weight Management: A Review from the Perspective of Modern and Traditional Persian Medicine.
CONCLUSION: Since the TPM is a rich source of information about the medicinal properties and effects of medicinal plants, investigating the therapeutic effects of plants from the perspective of TPM can represents the vision of a new horizon in the treatment of many diseases. PMID: 33023434 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current Drug Discovery Technologies - October 6, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Rameshk M, Kalantari-Khandani S Tags: Curr Drug Discov Technol Source Type: research

The metabolic suppressor 3-iodothyronamine enhances lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/forkhead box O1 signaling pathway.
This study aimed to investigate the lipolytic potency of the metabolic suppressor 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) and its molecular mechanism in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Cells stained with Oil Red O showed a remarkable accumulation of lipid droplets by 20-d post-differentiation and a plateau at 26 - 30 day. Treatment with 100 μM T1AM for 6 h increased the liberation of free fatty acids (FFAs) and glycerol (P < 0.05) detected in the culture media. However, this stimulatory effect was significantly suppressed by ATGListatin, an inhibitor of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), suggesting that ATGL plays a rate-limiting ...
Source: J Physiol Pharmacol - June 1, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Kim M, Park K, Choi I Tags: J Physiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Shengui Sansheng San Ameliorates Cerebral Energy Deficiency via Citrate Cycle After Ischemic Stroke
Conclusion In summary, SSS extraction significantly ameliorates cerebral energy metabolism via boosting citrate cycle, which mainly embodies the enhancements of blood glucose concentration, glucose and lactate transportation and glucose utilization, as well as the regulations of relative enzymes activities in citrate cycle. These ameliorations ultimately resulted in numerous ATP yield after stroke, which improved neurological function and infarcted volume. Collectively, it suggests that SSS extraction has exerted advantageous effect in the treatment of cerebral ischemia. Ethics Statement All animal operations were accor...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 22, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Connecting Metainflammation and Neuroinflammation Through the PTN-MK-RPTP β/ζ Axis: Relevance in Therapeutic Development
Conclusion The expression of the components of the PTN-MK-RPTPβ/ζ axis in immune cells and in inflammatory diseases suggests important roles for this axis in inflammation. Pleiotrophin has been recently identified as a limiting factor of metainflammation, a chronic pathological state that contributes to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Pleiotrophin also seems to potentiate acute neuroinflammation independently of the inflammatory stimulus while MK seems to play different -even opposite- roles in acute neuroinflammation depending on the stimulus. Which are the functions of MK and PTN in chronic neuroi...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Nrf2 as a Potential Mediator of Cardiovascular Risk in Metabolic Diseases
Conclusion Activation of the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant system plays an important role in cell defense against oxidative stress damage, whereas the insufficiency of the Nrf2 system is associated with multiple aspects of the genesis and progression of metabolic diseases, posing a great risk to the cardiovascular system (Figure 1). The systemic increase of Nrf2 activity by several activators may be beneficial in the treatment of metabolic diseases. In addition, selective upregulation of Nrf2 genes may represent a potential therapy in obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis. Looking to the future, experimental research that el...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Dioscin: a diverse acting natural compound with therapeutic potential in metabolic diseases, cancer, inflammation and infections
Publication date: Available online 10 October 2018Source: Pharmacological ResearchAuthor(s): Xufeng Tao, Lianhong Yin, Lina Xu, Jinyong PengAbstractCurrently, the numbers of patients with cancer, fibrosis, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, stroke and osteoporosis are increasing fast and fast. It’s critical necessary to discovery lead compounds for new drug development. Dioscin, one active compound in some medicinal plants, has anti-inflammation, immunoregulation, hypolipidemic, anti-viral, anti-fungal and anti-allergic effects. In recent years, dioscin has reached more and more attention with its potent effects to treat ...
Source: Pharmacological Research - October 11, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Lysophosphatidylcholine induces expression of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis in THP-1 derived macrophages
In this study, we conducted RNA profiling in THP-1 derived macrophages treated with LPC and uncovered a relationship between LPC and the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Principal component analysis (PCA) of RNA profiling showed that untreated THP-1 cells and those treated with 10, 20, or 40 µM LPC were distinctly distributed. Functional annotation revealed that LPC affected the expression of genes involved in cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, TNF signaling, and MAPK signaling. Interestingly, LPC also altered the expression of 11 genes involved in cholesterol synthesis such as those in terpenoid backbone biosynth...
Source: Steroids - September 13, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Current Strategies and Drug Targets in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
CONCLUSION: This review discusses the strategies and future perspectives in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus particularly antidiabetic agents which are helpful for the betterment of diabetic patients. PMID: 30051787 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current Drug Targets - July 27, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Kaur P, Mittal A, Nayak SK, Vyas M, Mishra V, Khatik GL Tags: Curr Drug Targets Source Type: research

Endocannabionoid System in Neurological Disorders.
Authors: Bifulco M, Laezza C, Malfitano AM Abstract BACKGROUND: Several studies support the evidence that the endocannabinoid system and cannabimimetic drugs might have therapeutic potential in numerous pathologies. These pathologies range from neurological disorders, atherosclerosis, stroke, cancer to obesity/metabolic syndrome and others. METHODS: In this paper we review the endocannabinoid system signaling and its alteration in neurodegenerative disorders like multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease and discuss the main findings about the use of cannabinoids in t...
Source: Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery - July 2, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov Source Type: research

Cannabinoid pharmacology in cancer research: A new hope for cancer patients?
Abstract Cannabinoids have been used for many centuries to ease pain and in the past decade, the endocannabinoid system has been implicated in a number of pathophysiological conditions, such as mood and anxiety disorders, movement disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's disease, neuropathic pain, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, stroke, hypertension, glaucoma, obesity, and osteoporosis. Several studies have demonstrated that cannabinoids also have anti-cancer activity and as cannabinoids are usually well tolerated and do not produce the typical toxic effects of...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - February 4, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Javid FA, Phillips RM, Afshinjavid S, Verde R, Ligresti A Tags: Eur J Pharmacol Source Type: research

Natural anti-obesity agents
Publication date: Available online 14 June 2014 Source:Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Author(s): Gamal A. Mohamed , Sabrin R.M. Ibrahim , Ehab S. Elkhayat , Riham Salah El Dine Obesity is a complex disease caused by the interaction of a myriad of genetic, dietary, lifestyle, and environmental factors, which favors a chronic positive energy balance, and leads to increased body fat mass. The incidence of obesity is rising at an alarming rate and is becoming a major public health concern with incalculable social costs. Indeed, obesity facilitates the development of metabolic disorders such as diabetes, hy...
Source: Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University - October 13, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Cardiovascular effects of current and future anti-obesity drugs.
Abstract The prevalence of obesity increases and is associated with increases in co-morbidities e.g. type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, heart disease, stroke, asthma, several forms of cancer, depression, and may result in reduction of expected remaining lifespan. We have reviewed the adverse effects on the cardiovascular system of anti-obesity drugs now retracted from the market as well as the cardiovascular profile of current drugs and potential pathways which are considered for treatment of obesity. Fenfluramine, and sibutramine were withdrawn due to increased cardiovascular ...
Source: Current Vascular Pharmacology - May 24, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Comerma-Steffensen S, Grann M, Andersen CU, Rungby J, Simonsen U Tags: Curr Vasc Pharmacol Source Type: research