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Specialty: Reproduction Medicine

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Total 316 results found since Jan 2013.

Notch receptor 1 controls trophoblast proliferation and apoptosis in first trimester villous cytotrophoblasts
Objective: Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway controlling development, tissue homeostasis, differentiation and cell death. Recently, we showed that blocking of canonical Notch signaling increases trophoblast proliferation and accelerates differentiation of isolated villous cytotrophoblasts (vCTBs) towards the extravillous phenotype. Here, we investigated placental localisation of Notch receptor 1 (Notch 1) throughout first trimester pregnancy and studied its role in proliferation and apoptosis using specific blocking antibodies and siRNA-mediated gene silencing in different trophoblast model systems.
Source: Placenta - August 29, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Sandra Haider, Martin Knöfler Tags: Frontmatter Source Type: research

Cellular inhibitors of apoptosis (cIAP) 1 and 2 are increased in placenta from obese pregnant women
Discussion: cIAP1 and cIAP2 expression is increased in placenta from women with pre-existing maternal obesity and in response to treatment with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Functional studies in placental trophoblast cells revealed that cIAPs are involved in TNF-α induced-expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Given the central role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in placental nutrient transport, this data suggest that cIAP1 and cIAP2 may play a role in fetal growth and development.Highlights:
Source: Placenta - August 11, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: M. Lappas Tags: Differentiation and apoptosis Source Type: research

Identification and characterization of HTR-8/SVneo SP cells
Goals: We investigated the side population cells in HTR-8/SVneo to identify the trophoblast stem cell marker, and characterize trophoblast stem cells. Method: We performed microarray expression analysis to search for up-regulated genes in trophoblast stem cell using a set of HTR-8/SVneo side population and non-side population cells. The expression of several candidate trophoblast stem cell markers were investigated by real time PCR, and performed knockdown of up-regulated genes expression using siRNA to analyze the association of up-regulated genes expression with trophoblast phenotype. Finally three dimensional cell cult...
Source: Placenta - September 1, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Tetsunori Inagaki, Kiyoko Kato, Soshi Kusunoki, Koichi Tabu, Hitomi Okabe, Izumi Yamada, Tetsuya Taga, Akemi Matsumoto, Toshiaki Takezawa, Shintaro Makino, Satoru Takeda Tags: Abstracts Source Type: research

Molecular pathways reflecting poor intrauterine growth are found in Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells
STUDY QUESTION Are molecular pathways reflecting the biology of small for gestational age (SGA) neonates preserved in umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)? SUMMARY ANSWER MSCs from SGA newborns were found to express an altered EGR-1-dependent gene network involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and oxidative stress. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Individuals with suboptimal intrauterine development are at greater risk of metabolic diseases such as type II diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Umbilical cords (n = 283) from the GUSTO (growing up in Singapore towards he...
Source: Human Reproduction - September 15, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Sukarieh, R., Joseph, R., Leow, S. C., Li, Y., Loffler, M., Aris, I. M., Tan, J. H., Teh, A. L., Chen, L., Holbrook, J. D., Ng, K. L., Lee, Y. S., Chong, Y. S., Summers, S. A., Gluckman, P. D., Stunkel, W. Tags: Reproductive biology Source Type: research

The NR4A receptors Nurr1 and Nur77 are increased in human placenta from women with gestational diabetes
Discussion: Nurr1 and Nur77, which were increased in human placenta from women with GDM, are involved in TNF-α induced-expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are known to play a role in placental nutrient transport. Thus, the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines by Nurr1 and Nur77 suggest that these proteins may play a role in placental function and transport mechanisms.Highlights:
Source: Placenta - September 8, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: M. Lappas Tags: Gene expression Source Type: research

The cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) transcription factor regulates furin expression during human trophoblast syncytialization
Conclusions: The above results suggest that the FUR transcription is activated by CREB-dependent stimulation of the FUR P1 promoter during human trophoblast syncytialization.Highlights:
Source: Placenta - August 29, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Z. Zhou, R. Wang, X. Yang, X.-Y. Lu, Q. Zhang, Y.-L. Wang, H. Wang, C. Zhu, H.-Y. Lin, H. Wang Tags: Differentiation Source Type: research

Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1)/Protease-activated Receptor-1 (PAR-1) Signaling Pathway in the Cervical Cancer Invasion
Conclusion The MMP-1/PAR-1 signaling pathway is involved in cervical cancer invasion. Therefore, blocking PAR-1 may represent a new therapeutic option for metastatic cervical cancer.
Source: Journal of Reproduction and Contraception - November 4, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Source Type: research

Requirement of the transcription factor USF1 in bovine oocyte and early embryonic development.
This study demonstrates that USF1 is a maternally derived transcription factor required for bovine early embryonic development which also functions in regulation of JY-1 and GDF9 genes associated with oocyte competence. PMID: 25385722 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Reproduction - November 10, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Datta TK, Rajput SK, Wee G, Lee K, Folger JK, Smith GW Tags: Reproduction Source Type: research

The transcription factor Nrf2 is decreased after spontaneous term labour in human fetal membranes where it exerts anti-inflammatory properties
Inflammation plays a central role in the terminal processes of human labour and delivery, including the rupture of fetal membranes. Recent studies show a role for the transcription factor Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor 2) in regulating inflammation. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of human spontaneous term and preterm labour on Nrf2 expression in fetal membranes; and Nrf2 siRNA knockdown on pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Source: Placenta - November 13, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Ratana Lim, Gillian Barker, Martha Lappas Source Type: research

A novel role for GSK3 in the regulation of the processes of human labour.
In conclusion, GSK3α/β activity is increased in foetal membranes after term and preterm labour. Pharmacological blockade of the kinase GSK3 markedly reduced pro-inflammatory and pro-labour mediators in human foetal membranes and myometrium, providing a possible therapeutics for the management of preterm labour. PMID: 25550525 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Reproduction - January 2, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Lim R, Lappas M Tags: Reproduction Source Type: research

Downregulation of gene expression and activity of GRIM-19 affects mouse oocyte viability, maturation, embryo development and implantation
Conclusions GRIM-19 may play important roles in mouse oogenesis and early embryonic development and implantation.
Source: Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics - January 6, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Source Type: research

Tricellulin and Its Role in the Epididymal Epithelium of the Rat.
Abstract Tricellulin is a tight junction protein present at tricellular tight junctions. It has been suggested that basal cells are implicated in the blood-epididymis barrier (BEB). Basal cells express claudins (Cldns), a component of tight junctions: however, there is no information regarding the potential architecture or regulation of basal cell-principal cell interactions. The present objectives were to determine the expression and localization of tricellulin in rat epididymis in relation to occludin, basal cell-principal cell interactions and other junctional proteins. Tricellulin levels were similar in all se...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - January 7, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Mandon M, Cyr DG Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

GATA4 knockdown in MA-10 Leydig cells identifies multiple target genes in the steroidogenic pathway
GATA4 is an essential transcription factor required for the initiation of genital ridge formation, for normal testicular and ovarian differentiation at the time of sex determination, and for male and female fertility in adulthood. In spite of its crucial roles, the genes and/or gene networks that are ultimately regulated by GATA4 in gonadal tissues remain to be fully understood. This is particularly true for the steroidogenic lineages such as Leydig cells of the testis where many in vitro (promoter) studies have provided good circumstantial evidence that GATA4 is a key regulator of Leydig cell gene expression and steroidog...
Source: Reproduction - February 6, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Bergeron, F., Nadeau, G., S Viger, R. Tags: Research Source Type: research

A novel role for GSK3 in the regulation of the processes of human labour
In conclusion, GSK3α/β activity is increased in foetal membranes after term and preterm labour. Pharmacological blockade of the kinase GSK3 markedly reduced pro-inflammatory and pro-labour mediators in human foetal membranes and myometrium, providing a possible therapeutics for the management of preterm labour.
Source: Reproduction - December 30, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Lim, R., Lappas, M. Tags: Research Source Type: research

Requirement of the transcription factor USF1 in bovine oocyte and early embryonic development
This study demonstrates that USF1 is a maternally derived transcription factor required for bovine early embryonic development, which also functions in regulation of JY1, GDF9, and FST genes associated with oocyte competence.
Source: Reproduction - January 6, 2015 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Datta, T. K., Rajput, S. K., Wee, G., Lee, K., Folger, J. K., Smith, G. W. Tags: Research Source Type: research