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Specialty: Endocrinology

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Total 648 results found since Jan 2013.

Indoxyl sulfate-induced activation of (pro)renin receptor is involved in expression of transforming growth factor-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin in proximal tubular cells.
Abstract Activation of (pro)renin receptor (PRR) is involved in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the role of indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin, in the activation of PRR is not clear. The present study aimed to clarify the role of indoxyl sulfate in activation of PRR, in relation to renal expression of fibrotic genes. Renal expression of PRR and renin/prorenin was upregulated in CKD rats compared with normal rats, whereas AST-120 suppressed these expression by reducing serum levels of indoxyl sulfate. Furthermore, administration of indoxyl sulfate to normotensive and hypertensive rats increas...
Source: Endocrinology - March 6, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Saito S, Shimizu H, Yisireyili M, Nishijima F, Enomoto A, Niwa T Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Expression of thyrotropin receptor, thyroglobulin, sodium-iodide symporter, and thyroperoxidase by fibrocytes depends on AIRE.
Conclusions: Fibrocytes express 4 proteins, the aggregate expression of which was previously thought to be restricted to thyroid epithelium. These proteins represent the necessary molecular biosynthetic machinery necessary for thyroid hormone production. Our findings implicate AIRE in the promiscuous expression of thyroid proteins in fibrocytes. PMID: 24708100 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Diabetes Metab - April 7, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Fernando R, Lu Y, Atkins SJ, Mester T, Branham K, Smith TJ Tags: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

mTOR inhibition promotes TTF1-dependent redifferentiation and restores iodine uptake in thyroid carcinoma cell lines.
Conclusion: The present study has identified the TTF1-dependent molecular mechanisms through which inhibition of mTOR leads to redifferentiation of TC cells and subsequently to increased radioactive iodine uptake. PMID: 24712572 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - April 8, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Plantinga TS, Heinhuis B, Gerrits D, Netea MG, Joosten LA, Hermus AR, Oyen WJ, Schweppe RE, Haugen BR, Boerman OC, Smit JW, Netea-Maier RT Tags: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

TGF-β1 induces COX-2 expression and PGE2 production in human granulosa cells through Smad signaling pathways.
Conclusion: TGF-β1 induced PGE2 production by inducing COX-2 expression through a Smad-dependent signaling pathway in human granulosa cells. PMID: 24712567 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - April 8, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Fang L, Chang HM, Cheng JC, Leung PC, Sun YP Tags: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

IKK epsilon is key to induction of insulin resistance in the hypothalamus and its inhibition reverses obesity.
Abstract IKK epsilon (IKKε) is induced by the activation of NFκB. Whole body IKKε knockout mice on a high fat diet (HFD) were protected from insulin resistance and showed altered energy balance. Here, we demonstrate that IKKε is expressed in neurons and is upregulated in the hypothalamus of obese mice, contributing to insulin and leptin resistance. Blocking IKKε in the hypothalamus of obese mice, using CAYMAN10576 or siRNA, decreased NFκB activation in this tissue, relieving the inflammatory environment. Inhibition of IKKε activity, but not TBK1, reduced IRS-1(Ser) phosphorylation and insulin and leptin res...
Source: Diabetes - May 8, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Weissmann L, Quaresma PG, Santos AC, de Matos AH, D'Ávila Bittencourt Pascoal V, Zanotto TM, Castro G, Guadgnini D, Martins da Silva J, Velloso LA, Bittencourt JC, Lopes-Cendes I, Saad MJ, Prada PO Tags: Diabetes Source Type: research

Adiponectin Upregulates SHBG Production: Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Implications.
Abstract Epidemiological studies have shown that plasma SHBG levels correlate with plasma adiponectin levels, both in men and women. There are no reports describing any molecular mechanism by which adiponectin regulates hepatic SHBG production. The aim of the present study is to explore whether adiponectin regulates SHBG production by increasing HNF-4α levels through reducing hepatic lipid content. For this purpose, in vitro studies using human HepG2 cells, as well as human liver biopsies were performed. Our results show that adiponectin treatment increased SHBG production via AMPK activation in HepG2 cells. Adip...
Source: Endocrinology - May 14, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Simó R, Saez-Lopez C, Lecube A, Hernandez C, Fort JM, Selva DM Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

PI3K/AKT pathway mediates induction of IL-1RA by TSH in fibrocytes: Modulation by PTEN.
Conclusions: The current findings identify PI3K/AKT pathway as critical to the induction by TSH of IL-1RA in fibrocytes and GD-OF. Further PTEN modulates the amplitude of the induction. In GD-OF, relatively high basal PTEN levels prevent sIL-1RA expression or release of IL-1RA. Knocking down PTEN allows GD-OF to exhibit a pattern of IL-1RA expression resembling fibrocytes. PMID: 24840811 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 19, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Li B, Smith TJ Tags: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

Orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 mediates fasting-induced hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 expression.
In conclusion, this study shows that Nur77 mediates fasting-induced hepatic FGF21 expression, and suggests an alternative mechanism via which hepatic FGF21 transcription is mediated under fasting conditions. PMID: 24885573 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Endocrinology - June 2, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Min AK, Bae KH, Jung YA, Choi YK, Kim MJ, Kim JH, Jeon JH, Kim JG, Lee IK, Park KG Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Lipid storage by adipose tissue macrophages regulates systemic glucose tolerance.
Abstract Pro-inflammatory pathways in adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) can impair glucose tolerance in obesity, but ATMs may also be beneficial as repositories for excess lipid that adipocytes are unable to store. To test this hypothesis, we selectively targeted visceral ATMs in obese mice with siRNA against lipoprotein lipase (LPL), leaving macrophages within other organs unaffected. Selective silencing of ATM LPL decreased foam cell formation in visceral adipose tissue of obese mice, consistent with a reduced supply of fatty acids from VLDL hydrolysis. Unexpectedly, silencing LPL also decreased the expression o...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - July 1, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Aouadi M, Vangala P, Yawe JC, Tencerova M, Cohen JL, Nicoloro SM, Shen Y, Czech MP Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

Identification and characterization of membrane androgen receptors in the ZIP9 zinc transporter subfamily: II. Role of human ZIP9 in testosterone-induced prostate and breast cancer cell apoptosis.
Abstract Recently we discovered a cDNA in teleost ovarian follicle cells belonging to the zinc transporter ZIP9 subfamily encoding a protein with characteristics of a membrane androgen receptor (mAR). Here we demonstrate that human ZIP9 expressed in MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells and stably over-expressed in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells (PC-3-ZIP9) also displays the ligand binding and signaling characteristics of a specific, high-affinity mAR. Testosterone treatment of MDA-MB-468 and PC-3-ZIP9 cells caused activation of G proteins and second messenger pathways as well as increases in intracellular free zinc co...
Source: Endocrinology - July 11, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Thomas P, Dong J, Berg AH, Pang Y Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Identification and characterization of membrane androgen receptors in the ZIP9 zinc transporter subfamily: I. Discovery in female Atlantic croaker and evidence ZIP9 mediates testosterone-induced apoptosis of ovarian follicle cells.
We report here cloning and expression of a cDNA from Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) ovaries encoding a 33 kDa, 7-transmembrane protein with binding and signaling characteristics of a membrane androgen receptor (mAR) that is unrelated to any previously described steroid receptor. Instead croaker mAR has 81-93% amino acid sequence identity with zinc transporter ZIP9 (SLC39A9) subfamily members, indicating it is a ZIP9 protein. Croaker ZIP9 is expressed in gonadal tissues and in brain, and is upregulated in the ovary by reproductive hormones. ZIP9 protein is localized to plasma membranes of croaker granulosa cells...
Source: Endocrinology - July 11, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Berg AH, Rice CD, Rahman MS, Dong J, Thomas P Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Regulation of Inflammatory Phenotype in Macrophages by a Diabetes-Induced Long Non-coding RNA.
Abstract The mechanisms by which macrophages mediate the enhanced inflammation associated with diabetes complications are not completely understood. We used RNA-seq to profile the transcriptome of bone marrow macrophages isolated from diabetic db/db mice and identified 1648 differentially expressed genes compared to control db/+ mice. Data analyses revealed that diabetes promoted a pro-inflammatory, pro-fibrotic and dysfunctional alternatively activated macrophage phenotype possibly via transcription factors involved in macrophage function. Notably, diabetes altered levels of several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)...
Source: Diabetes - July 9, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Reddy MA, Chen Z, Park JT, Wang M, Lanting L, Zhang Q, Bhatt K, Leung A, Wu X, Putta S, Sætrom P, Devaraj S, Natarajan R Tags: Diabetes Source Type: research

Ca2+ signals promote GLUT4 exocytosis and reduce its endocytosis in muscle cells
Elevating cytosolic Ca2+ stimulates glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, but how Ca2+ affects intracellular traffic of GLUT4 is unknown. In tissue, changes in Ca2+ leading to contraction preclude analysis of the impact of individual, Ca2+-derived signals. In L6 muscle cells stably expressing GLUT4myc, the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin raised cytosolic Ca2+ and caused a gain in cell surface GLUT4myc. Extra- and intracellular Ca2+ chelators (EGTA, BAPTA-AM) reversed this response. Ionomycin activated calcium calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII), AMPK, and PKCs, but not Akt. Silencing CaMKII or AMPKα1/α2 partly reduced the iono...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - July 15, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Li, Q., Zhu, X., Ishikura, S., Zhang, D., Gao, J., Sun, Y., Contreras-Ferrat, A., Foley, K. P., Lavandero, S., Yao, Z., Bilan, P. J., Klip, A., Niu, W. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Negative Regulation of Disulfide-bond A Oxidoreductase-like Protein (DsbA-L) Gene Expression by the Transcription Factor Sp1.
Abstract Disulfide-bond A Oxidoreductase-like protein (DsbA-L) possesses beneficial effects such as promoting adiponectin multimerization and stability, increasing insulin sensitivity, and enhancing energy metabolism. The expression level of DsbA-L is negatively correlated with obesity in mice and humans, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. To address this question, we generated reporter gene constructs containing the promoter sequence of the mouse DsbA-L gene. Deletion analysis showed that the proximal promoter of mouse DsbA-L is located between -186 to -34 bp relative to the transcription start site. I...
Source: Diabetes - July 14, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Fang Q, Yang W, Li H, Hu W, Chen L, Jiang S, Dong K, Song Q, Wang C, Chen S, Liu F, Jia W Tags: Diabetes Source Type: research

5-hydroxymethylcytosine Promotes Proliferation of Human Uterine Leiomyoma: a Biological Link to a New Epigenetic Modification in Benign Tumors.
Conclusion: An epigenetic imbalance in the 5-hmC content of leiomyoma tissue, caused by upregulation of the TET1 and TET3 enzymes, might lead to discovery of new therapeutic targets in leiomyoma. PMID: 25057885 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - July 24, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Navarro A, Yin P, Ono M, Monsivais D, Moravek MB, Coon JS, Dyson MT, Wei JJ, Bulun SE Tags: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research