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Specialty: Endocrinology

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Total 648 results found since Jan 2013.

Tissue-type plasminogen activator deficiency delays bone repair: roles of osteoblastic proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor
Further development in research of bone regeneration is necessary to meet the clinical demand for bone reconstruction. Recently, we reported that plasminogen is crucial for bone repair through enhancement of vessel formation. However, the details of the role of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in the bone repair process still remain unknown. Herein, we examined the effects of plasminogen activators on bone repair after a femoral bone defect using tPA-deficient (tPA–/–) and uPA-deficient (uPA–/–) mice. Bone repair of the femur was delayed in tPA&n...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 1, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Kawao, N., Tamura, Y., Okumoto, K., Yano, M., Okada, K., Matsuo, O., Kaji, H. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Lipid storage by adipose tissue macrophages regulates systemic glucose tolerance
Proinflammatory pathways in adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) can impair glucose tolerance in obesity, but ATMs may also be beneficial as repositories for excess lipid that adipocytes are unable to store. To test this hypothesis, we selectively targeted visceral ATMs in obese mice with siRNA against lipoprotein lipase (LPL), leaving macrophages within other organs unaffected. Selective silencing of ATM LPL decreased foam cell formation in visceral adipose tissue of obese mice, consistent with a reduced supply of fatty acids from VLDL hydrolysis. Unexpectedly, silencing LPL also decreased the expression of genes involved in...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - August 15, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Aouadi, M., Vangala, P., Yawe, J. C., Tencerova, M., Nicoloro, S. M., Cohen, J. L., Shen, Y., Czech, M. P. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Progesterone induces RhoA inactivation in male rat aortic smooth muscle cells through up-regulation of p27(kip1.)
Abstract Previously, we showed that progesterone (P4) at physiologic concentrations (5-500 nM) inhibits proliferation and migration of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC). The P4-induced migration inhibition in RASMC was resulted from Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) inactivation induced by activating the cSrc/AKT/ERK 2/p38-mediated signaling pathway. We also demonstrated that up-regulation of p27(kip1) is involved in the P4-induced migration inhibition in RASMC. Since P4 can increase formation of the p27(kip1)-RhoA complex in RASMC, this finding led us to hypothesize that the P4-induced inactivation in...
Source: Endocrinology - August 19, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Wang HC, Lee WS Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Inactivation of histone deacetylase 1 (hdac1) but not hdac2 is required for the glucocorticoid-dependent ccaat/enhancer binding protein α (c/ebpα) expression and preadipocyte differentiation.
In this study, we sought to demonstrate using two different strategies the definite role of HDACl in adipogenesis. By using siRNA-mediated knockdown of HDAC1 and by generating an enzymatically inactive HDAC1D181A by site-directed mutagenesis, we were able to show that HDAC1, but not HDAC2, suppresses GR-potentiated preadipocyte differentiation by decreasing C/ebpα and Pparγ expression levels at the onset of differentiation. Finally, we demonstrate that HDAC1D181A acts as a dominant negative mutant of HDACl during adipogenesis by modulating C/EBPβ transcriptional activity on the C/ebpα promoter. PMID: 25203139 [Pub...
Source: Endocrinology - September 9, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Kuzmochka C, Abdou HS, Haché RJ, Atlas E Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Differential effects of c-Src and c-Yes on the endocytic vesicle-mediated trafficking events at the Sertoli cell blood-testis barrier: an in vitro study
The blood-testis barrier (BTB) is one of the tightest blood-tissue barriers in the mammalian body. However, it undergoes cyclic restructuring during the epithelial cycle of spermatogenesis in which the "old" BTB located above the preleptotene spermatocytes being transported across the immunological barrier is "disassembled," whereas the "new" BTB found behind these germ cells is rapidly "reassembled," i.e., mediated by endocytic vesicle-mediated protein trafficking events. Thus, the immunological barrier is maintained when preleptotene spermatocytes connected in clones via intercellular bridges are transported across the B...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 1, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Xiao, X., Mruk, D. D., Wong, E. W. P., Lee, W. M., Han, D., Wong, C. K. C., Cheng, C. Y. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Prolonged Pregnancy in Women is Associated with Attenuated Myometrial Expression of Progesterone Receptor Co-Regulator Krüppel-like Factor 9.
Conclusions: Myometrial KLF9 may contribute to the onset of human parturition through its regulation of PGR expression and inflammatory signaling networks. PMID: 25313913 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 14, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Pabona JM, Zhang D, Ginsburg DS, Simmen FA, Simmen RC Tags: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Regulates Human Trophoblastic Cell Invasion via TWIST Induced N-cadherin Expression.
CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that GnRH acts via its receptor to induce AKT phosphorylation which contributes to elevated TWIST expression. Increased levels of TWIST subsequently induce N-cadherin expression which promotes human trophoblastic cell invasion in vitro. PMID: 25313909 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 14, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Peng B, Zhu H, Leung PC Tags: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

SUMOylation protects against IL-1{beta}-induced apoptosis in INS-1 832/13 cells and human islets
We examined insulin secretion, intracellular Ca2+ responses, induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and apoptosis by TUNEL and caspase 3 cleavage. Surprisingly, upregulation of SENP1 reduces insulin secretion and impairs intracellular Ca2+ handling. This secretory dysfunction is due to SENP1-induced cell death. Indeed, the detrimental effect of SENP1 on secretory function is diminished when two mediators of β-cell death, iNOS and NF-B, are pharmacologically inhibited. Conversely, enhanced SUMOylation protects against IL-1β-induced cell death. This ...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 15, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Hajmrle, C., Ferdaoussi, M., Plummer, G., Spigelman, A. F., Lai, K., Manning Fox, J. E., MacDonald, P. E. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Involvement of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma-mediated inhibition of breast cancer cell growth
Publication date: Available online 31 October 2014 Source:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Author(s): Cindy K. Pon , Sue M. Firth , Robert C. Baxter We have previously reported that insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), a protein with dichotomous effects on both cell proliferation and cell survival, interacts with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and inhibits adipogenic PPARγ signaling. We now show that IGFBP-3 and PPARγ interact in breast cancer cells, through amino- and carboxyl-terminal residues of IGFBP-3. IGFBP-3 and the PPARγ ligands, rosiglitazone or 15-deoxy-Δ12,...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology - November 3, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

The circadian clock machinery controls adiponectin expression
In this study, we tested whether the circadian clock helix–loop–helix transcription factors CLOCK and BMAL1 regulate adiponectin expression. We found that adiponectin expression is regulated by the clock through the circadian expression of its transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and its co-activator PPARγ co-activator 1α (PGC1α) in mouse white adipose tissue and differentiated adipocytes. In addition, reconstitution of the core clock mechanism and siRNA experiments in cell culture suggest that the clock directly activates the adiponectin promoter and mediates its expression. I...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology - November 3, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Phosducin Regulates Secretory Activity in TT Line of Thyroid Parafollicular C Cells
Horm Metab ResDOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1385903The endocrine activity of the thyroid gland is accomplished by its follicular and parafollicular cells. In these cells, numerous G proteins-dependent pathways are active and potentially could be regulated by a 33-kDa cytoplasmic protein phosducin, which interacts with the Gβ subunit and may compete with Gα or Gβγ dimer effectors. Significant expression of phosducin has been shown in the retina, pineal gland, and some neurons. Here, we studied postoperative thyroid tissue samples collected from patients with nodular goiter and 2 thyroid-derived cell lines for the presence of phos...
Source: Hormone and Metabolic Research - August 25, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Piotrowska, U.Adler, G.Kozicki, I. Tags: Endocrine Research Source Type: research

Estrogen mediated epithelial proliferation in the uterus is directed by stromal Fgf10 and Bmp8a
Publication date: Available online 7 November 2014 Source:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Author(s): Daesuk Chung , Fei Gao , Anil G. Jegga , Sanjoy K. Das To define endometrial stromal-derived paracrine mediators that participate in estradiol-17β (E2)-induced epithelial proliferation, microarray analysis of gene expression was carried out in mouse uterine epithelial-stromal co-culture systems under the condition of E2 or vehicle (control). Our results demonstrated gene alteration by E2: in epithelial cells, we found up-regulation of 119 genes and down-regulation of 28 genes, while in stroma cells we found up-regul...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology - November 7, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Unacylated ghrelin (UnAG) induces oxidative stress resistance in a glucose intolerance mouse model and peripheral artery disease by restoring endothelial cell miR-126 expression.
In this study, we have investigated the potential clinical impact of unacylated ghrelin (UnAG) in a glucose intolerance and PAD mouse model. We demonstrate that UnAG is able to protect skeletal muscle and endothelial cells (ECs) from ROS imbalance in hind limb ischemia subjected ob/ob mice. This effect translates into reductions in hind limb functional impairment. We show that UnAG rescues sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity and superoxide-dismutase-2 (SOD-2) expression in ECs. This leads to SIRT1-mediated p53 and histone 3 (H3K56) deacetylation and results in reduced EC senescence in vivo. We demonstrate, using siRNA technology, t...
Source: Diabetes - November 3, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Togliatto G, Trombetta A, Dentelli P, Gallo S, Rosso A, Cotogni P, Granata R, Falcioni R, Delale T, Ghigo E, Brizzi MF Tags: Diabetes Source Type: research

BRAF activates and physically interacts with PAK to regulate cell motility
In conclusion, we have identified a signaling pathway in thyroid cancer cells which BRAF activates and physically interacts with PAK and regulates cell motility.
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - October 15, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: McCarty, S. K., Saji, M., Zhang, X., Knippler, C. M., Kirschner, L. S., Fernandez, S., Ringel, M. D. Tags: Research Source Type: research

Targeting GPR30 with G-1: a new therapeutic target for castration-resistant prostate cancer
We reported that G-1, a selective agonist of G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), inhibited PC cell growth by inducing G2 cell cycle arrest and arrested PC-3 xenograft growth. However, the therapeutic actions of G-1 and their relationships with androgen in vivo are unclear. Using the LNCaP xenograft to model PC growth during the androgen-sensitive (AS) versus the castration-resistant (CR) phase, we found that G-1 inhibited growth of CR but not AS tumors with no observable toxicity to the host. Substantial necrosis (approximately 65%) accompanied by marked intratumoral infiltration of neutrophils was observed only in CR t...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - November 5, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Lam, H.-M., Ouyang, B., Chen, J., Ying, J., Wang, J., Wu, C.-L., Jia, L., Medvedovic, M., Vessella, R. L., Ho, S.-M. Tags: Research Source Type: research