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Specialty: Endocrinology
Nutrition: Calcium
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Total 16 results found since Jan 2013.
Novel Nanotechnological Approaches for Targeting Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) in Mitigating Diabetic Neuropathic Pain (DNP)
Diabetic neuropathy is the most entrenched complication of diabetes. Usually, it affects the distal foot and toes, which then gradually approaches the lower part of the legs. Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) could be one of the worst complications of diabetes mellitus. Long-term diabetes leads to hyperglycemia, which is the utmost contributor to neuropathic pain. Hyperglycemia causing an upregulation of voltage-gated sodium channels in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was often observed in models of neuropathic pain. DRG opening frequency increases intracellular sodium ion levels, which further causes increased calcium channel open...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - February 8, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Intracellular ATP Signaling Contributes to FAM3A-Induced PDX1
Upregulation in Pancreatic Beta Cells
In this study, the role of intracellular ATP
in FAM3A-induced PDX1 expression in pancreatic β cells was further
examined. Acute FAM3A inhibition using siRNA transfection in mouse pancreatic
islets significantly reduced PDX1 expression, impaired insulin secretion, and
caused glucose intolerance in normal mice. In vitro, FAM3A overexpression
elevated both intracellular and extracellular ATP contents and promoted PDX1
expression and insulin secretion. FAM3A-induced increase in cellular calcium
(Ca2+) levels, PDX1 expression, and insulin secretion,
while these were significantly repres...
Source: Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes - September 30, 2021 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Yan, Han Chen, Zhenzhen Zhang, Haizeng Yang, Weili Liu, Xiangyang Meng, Yuhong Xiang, Rui Wu, Zhe Ye, Jingjing Chi, Yujing Yang, Jichun Tags: Article Source Type: research
GPR120 regulates pancreatic polypeptide secretion from male mouse islets via PLC-mediated calcium mobilization.
In this study, GPR120-IRES-EGFP knockin (KI) mouse was generated to identify GPR120-expressing cells with enhance green fluorescence proteins (EGFP). EGFP-positive cells collected from the KI mouse islets by flow cytometry had significantly higher expression of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) evidenced by RT-qPCR. Single cell RT-PCR and immunocytochemical double staining also demonstrated the co-expression of GPR120 with PP in mouse islets. GPR120 specific agonist, TUG-891, significantly increased plasma PP levels in mice. TUG-891 significantly increased PP levels in islet medium in vitro, which was markedly attenuated by GPR1...
Source: Endocrinology - September 1, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Zhao YF, Li XC, Liang XY, Zhao YY, Xie R, Zhang LJ, Zhang XC, Chen C Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Calcium sensing receptor activation in THP-1 macrophages triggers NLRP3 inflammasome and human preadipose cell inflammation
Publication date: Available online 15 November 2019Source: Molecular and Cellular EndocrinologyAuthor(s): Amanda D'Espessailles, Natalia Santillana, SofÃa Sanhueza, Cecilia Fuentes, Mariana CifuentesAbstractExcess adipose tissue (AT) associates with inflammation and obesity-related diseases. We studied whether calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR)-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in THP-1 macrophages elevates inflammation in LS14 preadipocytes, modeling deleterious AT cell crosstalk. THP-1 macrophages exposed to Cinacalcet (CaSR activator, 2 μM, 4 h) showed elevated proinflammatory marker and NLRP3 inflammasome mRNA,...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology - November 15, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Effects of Porcine STC-1 on Cell Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function.
Abstract
Stanniocalcin (STC-1), a kind of glycoprotein hormone, was first found in fish and mainly regulates calcium/phosphorus metabolism in the body. To explore the biological function of the porcine STC-1 gene, the effects of changes in stanniocalcin expression on cellular metabolism and mitochondrial function were studied. A vector overexpressing the STC-1 gene and an siRNA silencer of the STC-1 gene were transfected into porcine kidney epithelial PK15 cells. After the STC-1 gene expression level was induced to change, STC-1 protein- and mitochondrial function-related proteins such as PMP70, OPA, DRP, Mfn and ...
Source: General and Comparative Endocrinology - October 9, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Yang K, Yang Y, Qi C, Ju H Tags: Gen Comp Endocrinol Source Type: research
Attenuation of PERK enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in islets
In conclusion, partial PERK inhibition induced BiP expression in islets, increased glucose-stimulated calcium transit and islet insulin contents and enhanced GSIS, suggesting that low-dose PERK inhibitors could potentially be used to treat insulin deficiency.
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - January 30, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Kim, M. J., Min, S. H., Shin, S. Y., Kim, M. N., Lee, H., Jang, J. Y., Kim, S.-W., Park, K. S., Jung, H. S. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Androgen signaling expands β-cell mass in male rats and β-cell androgen receptor is degraded under high-glucose conditions.
Abstract
A deficient pancreatic β-cell mass increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we investigated the effects of testosterone on the development of pancreatic β-cell mass in male rats. The β-cell mass of male rats castrated at 6 weeks of age was reduced to ~30% of that of control rats at 16 weeks of age, and castration caused glucose intolerance. Loss of β-cell mass occurred due to decreases in islet density/pancreas and β-cell cluster size. Castration was negatively associated with the number of Ki67-positive β-cells and positively associated with the number of TUNEL-positive β-cells. These...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - November 14, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Harada N, Yoda Y, Yotsumoto Y, Masuda T, Takahashi Y, Katsuki T, Kai K, Shiraki N, Inui H, Yamaji R Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research
Preadipocyte proliferation is elevated by calcium sensing receptor activation
This study evaluated whether CaSR activation elevates preadipocyte proliferation. Human LS14 preadipocytes were exposed to CaSR activators cinacalcet (2 µM), GdCl3 (5 µM) and spermine (1 µM), and cell viability was evaluated after 72h. CaSR activators elevated proliferation by 19–24%, and CaSR silencing (siRNA) abolished the effect. Cinacalcet elevated phospho-ERK1/2 content, and upstream inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation reverted cinacalcet-induced proliferation. Cinacalcet also elevated expression of the proinflammatory factors IL1β, IL6 and CCL2. The results suggest that CaSR induces preadipocyte prolifer...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology - July 24, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and extracellular calcium promote mineral deposition via NPP1 activity in a mature osteoblast cell line MLO-A5
Publication date: 5 September 2015 Source:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Volume 412 Author(s): Dongqing Yang , Andrew G. Turner , Asiri R. Wijenayaka , Paul H. Anderson , Howard A. Morris , Gerald J. Atkins While vitamin D supplementation is common, the anabolic mechanisms that improve bone status are poorly understood. Under standard mineralising conditions including media ionised calcium of 1.1 mM, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) enhanced differentiation and mineral deposition by the mature osteoblast/pre-osteocyte cell line, MLO-A5. This effect was markedly increased with a higher ionised calcium level (1.5â...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology - June 26, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Calpain-10 Activity Underlies Angiotensin II-induced Aldosterone Production in an Adrenal Glomerulosa Cell Model.
Abstract
Aldosterone is a steroid hormone important in the regulation of blood pressure. Aberrant production of aldosterone results in the development and progression of diseases including hypertension and congestive heart failure; therefore, a complete understanding of aldosterone production is important for developing more effective treatments. Angiotensin II (AngII) regulates steroidogenesis, in part through its ability to increase intracellular calcium levels. Calcium can activate calpains, proteases classified as typical or atypical based on the presence or absence of penta-EF-hands, that are involved in vari...
Source: Endocrinology - April 2, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Seremwe M, Schnellmann RG, Bollag WB Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Calcitriol prevents in vitro vascular smooth muscle cell mineralization by regulating Calcium-Sensing Receptor expression.
In conclusion, these findings suggest that nanomolar concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 induce a CaSR-dependent protection against VC. Both lower and higher concentrations are either ineffective or may even promote VC. Whether this also holds true in the clinical setting requires further study.
PMID: 25763635 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Endocrinology - March 12, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Mary A, Hénaut L, Boudot C, Six I, Brazier M, Massy ZA, Drüeke TB, Kamel S, Mentaverri R Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research
RAGE mediates the pro-migratory response of extracellular S100A4 in human thyroid cancer cells.
Conclusion: Our data have identified the RAGE/ -DIA-1 signaling system as a mediator for the pro-migratory response of extracellular S100A4 in human thyroid cancer. Thus, therapeutic targeting of the RAGE/DIA-1/small GTPases signaling may successfully reduce local invasion and metastasis in thyroid cancer.
PMID: 25744544 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association - March 7, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Tags: Thyroid Source Type: research
Contribution of protein kinase Cα in the stimulation of insulin by the down-regulation of Ca v β subunits
We examined whether other types of Cavβ subunits also have similar properties. In this regard, we used small interfering RNA (siRNA) of these subunits (20 μg each) to down-regulate them and examined blood glucose, serum insulin and PKC translocation in isolated pancreatic β cells of mice. While the down-regulation of Cavβ2 and β3 subunits increased serum insulin levels and caused efficient glucose homeostasis, the down-regulation of Cavβ1 and β4 subunits failed to affect both these parameters. Examination of PKC isozymes in the pancreatic β-cells of Cavβ2- or β3 siRNA-injected mice showed that three PKC isozymes...
Source: Endocrine - October 23, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Ca2+ signals promote GLUT4 exocytosis and reduce its endocytosis in muscle cells
Elevating cytosolic Ca2+ stimulates glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, but how Ca2+ affects intracellular traffic of GLUT4 is unknown. In tissue, changes in Ca2+ leading to contraction preclude analysis of the impact of individual, Ca2+-derived signals. In L6 muscle cells stably expressing GLUT4myc, the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin raised cytosolic Ca2+ and caused a gain in cell surface GLUT4myc. Extra- and intracellular Ca2+ chelators (EGTA, BAPTA-AM) reversed this response. Ionomycin activated calcium calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII), AMPK, and PKCs, but not Akt. Silencing CaMKII or AMPKα1/α2 partly reduced the iono...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - July 15, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Li, Q., Zhu, X., Ishikura, S., Zhang, D., Gao, J., Sun, Y., Contreras-Ferrat, A., Foley, K. P., Lavandero, S., Yao, Z., Bilan, P. J., Klip, A., Niu, W. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
EP2 Receptor Activates Dual G Protein Signaling Pathways that Mediate Contrasting Proinflammatory and Relaxatory Responses in Term Pregnant Human Myometrium.
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) E2 (PGE2) plays a central role in the regulation of smooth muscle contractions. Classically, PGE2 stimulates contractions via EP1 and EP3 receptors, whereas EP2 and EP4 maintain quiescence. Labor involves a change from myometrial quiescence to contractions with a shift from anti- to proinflammatory pathways. EP2, a Gαs-coupled receptor, is known to mediate its actions via cAMP signaling. However, we have recently shown that EP2 also activates the proinflammatory PG G/H synthase-2 (PGHS-2). Here, we identify the mechanism underlying the ability of EP2 to maintain uterine quiescence and ...
Source: Endocrinology - November 21, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Kandola MK, Sykes L, Lee YS, Johnson MR, Hanyaloglu AC, Bennett PR Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research
