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Condition: Diabetes Type 2

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Total 421 results found since Jan 2013.

Hyperglycaemia-induced resistance to Docetaxel is negated by metformin: a role for IGFBP-2
The incidence of many common cancers varies between different populations and appears to be affected by a Western lifestyle. Highly proliferative malignant cells require sufficient levels of nutrients for their anabolic activity. Therefore, targeting genes and pathways involved in metabolic pathways could yield future therapeutics. A common pathway implicated in energetic and nutritional requirements of a cell is the LKB1/AMPK pathway. Metformin is a widely studied anti-diabetic drug, which improves glycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes by targeting this pathway. We investigated the effect of metformin on prostate can...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - November 20, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Biernacka, K. M., Persad, R. A., Bahl, A., Gillatt, D., Holly, J. M. P., Perks, C. M. Tags: Research Source Type: research

Genomic Characterization of Metformin Hepatic Response
by Marcelo R. Luizon, Walter L. Eckalbar, Yao Wang, Stacy L. Jones, Robin P. Smith, Megan Laurance, Lawrence Lin, Paul J. Gallins, Amy S. Etheridge, Fred Wright, Yihui Zhou, Cliona Molony, Federico Innocenti, Sook Wah Yee, Kathleen M. Giacomini, Nadav Ahituv Metformin is used as a first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prescribed for numerous other diseases. However, its mechanism of action in the liver has yet to be characterized in a systematic manner. To comprehensively identify genes and regulatory elements associated with metformin trea tment, we carried out RNA-seq and ChIP-seq (H3K27ac, H3K27me3) on prima...
Source: PLoS Genetics - November 29, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Marcelo R. Luizon Source Type: research

Pioglitazone Inhibits Mitochondrial Pyruvate Metabolism and Glucose Production in Hepatocytes
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: FEBS Journal - December 16, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Christopher E. Shannon, Giuseppe Daniele, Cynthia Galindo, Muhammad A. Abdul ‐Ghani, Ralph A. DeFronzo, Luke Norton Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Dual Role of IL ‐1β in Islet Amyloid Formation and its β‐Cell Toxicity: Implications in Type 2 Diabetes and Islet Transplantation
ConclusionsIL‐1β plays a dual role by: (1) mediating amyloid‐induced Fas upregulation and β‐cell apoptosis; (2) inducing impaired proIAPP processing thereby potentiating amyloid formation. Blocking IL‐1β may provide a new strategy to preserve β‐cells in conditions associated with islet amyloid formation.
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - January 5, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Yoo Jin Park, Garth L. Warnock, Ziliang Ao, Nooshin Safikhan, Mark Meloche, Ali Asadi, Timothy J. Kieffer, Lucy Marzban Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Manganese supplementation increases adiponectin and lowers ICAM-1 and creatinine blood levels in Zucker type 2 diabetic rats, and downregulates ICAM-1 by upregulating adiponectin multimerization protein (DsbA-L) in endothelial cells.
This study investigates the hypothesis that the beneficial effects of Mn supplementation are mediated by adiponectin and DsbA-L. At 6 weeks of age, Male Zucker diabetic fatty rats (ZDF) were randomly divided into two groups: diabetic controls and Mn-supplemented diabetic rats. Each rat was supplemented with Mn (D+Mn, 16 mg/kg BW) or water (placebo, D+P) daily for 7 weeks by oral gavage. For cell culture studies, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) or 3T3L1 adipocytes were pretreated with Mn (0-10 µM MnCl2) for 24 h, followed by high glucose (HG, 25 mM) or normal glucose (5 mM) exposure for another 24 h. M...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - January 12, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Burlet E, Jain SK Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

Dual role of interleukin ‐1β in islet amyloid formation and its β‐cell toxicity: Implications for type 2 diabetes and islet transplantation
ConclusionsIL‐1β plays a dual role by: (1) mediating amyloid‐induced Fas upregulation and β‐cell apoptosis; (2) inducing impaired proIAPP processing thereby potentiating amyloid formation. Blocking IL‐1β may provide a new strategy to preserve β cells in conditions associated with islet amyloid formation.
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - February 26, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Yoo Jin Park, Garth L. Warnock, Ziliang Ao, Nooshin Safikhan, Mark Meloche, Ali Asadi, Timothy J. Kieffer, Lucy Marzban Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Upregulated serum sclerostin level in the T2DM patients with femur fracture inhibits the expression of bone formation/remodeling-associated biomarkers via antagonizing Wnt signaling.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that the upregulated serum sclerostin level in the T2DM patients with fracture inhibited the expression of the bone formation/remodeling-associated biomarkers via antagonizing Wnt signaling. It suggests that sclerostin might be an effective target for T2DM-associated bone fracture and delayed fracture healing. PMID: 28239825 [PubMed - in process]
Source: European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences - March 1, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research

Adiponectin partially rescues high glucose/high fat-induced impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis and function in a PGC-1 α dependent manner.
CONCLUSIONS: In the current study, we have provided the direct in vitro evidence that APN partially rescues HGHF-induced impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis and function via PGC-1α-mediated signaling. PMID: 28239807 [PubMed - in process]
Source: European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences - March 1, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research

siRNA-mediated inhibition of SCAP reduces dyslipidemia in spontaneously dysmetabolic rhesus monkeys
SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) is a cholesterol binding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein that is required to activate SREBP transcription factors. SREBPs regulate genes involved in lipid biosynthesis. They also influence lipid clearance by modulating the expression of LDL receptor (LDLR) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) genes. Inhibiting SCAP decreases circulating PCSK9, triglycerides (TG), and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), both in vitro and in vivo. Type 2 diabetics with dyslipidemia are at high risk for cardiovascular diseases.
Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental - March 4, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Beth Ann Murphy, Marija Tadin-Strapps, Kristian Jensen, Robin Mogg, Andy Liaw, Kithsiri Herath, Gowri Bhat, David G. McLaren, Stephen F. Previs, Shirly Pinto Source Type: research

AdipoRon, an adiponectin receptor agonist, attenuates PDGF-induced VSMC proliferation through inhibition of mTOR signaling independent of AMPK: Implications toward suppression of neointimal hyperplasia
Publication date: May 2017 Source:Pharmacological Research, Volume 119 Author(s): Arwa Fairaq, Noha M. Shawky, Islam Osman, Prahalathan Pichavaram, Lakshman Segar Hypoadiponectinemia is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease. Although adiponectin replenishment mitigates neointimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis in mouse models, adiponectin therapy has been hampered in a clinical setting due to its large molecular size. Recent studies demonstrate that AdipoRon (a small-molecule adiponectin receptor agonist) improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetic mice and attenuates postischemic cardiac injury i...
Source: Pharmacological Research - March 6, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Protectin DX suppresses hepatic gluconeogenesis through AMPK-HO-1-mediated inhibition of ER stress.
In conclusion, our findings suggest that PDX inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis via AMPK-HO-1-dependent suppression of ER stress. Thus, PDX may be an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes through the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis. PMID: 28342842 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cellular Signalling - March 22, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Jung TW, Kim HC, Jeong JH Tags: Cell Signal Source Type: research

siRNA-mediated inhibition of SREBP cleavage-activating protein reduces dyslipidemia in spontaneously dysmetabolic rhesus monkeys
SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) is a cholesterol binding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein that is required to activate SREBP transcription factors. SREBPs regulate genes involved in lipid biosynthesis. They also influence lipid clearance by modulating the expression of LDL receptor (LDLR) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) genes. Inhibiting SCAP decreases circulating PCSK9, triglycerides (TG), and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), both in vitro and in vivo. Type 2 diabetics with dyslipidemia are at high risk for cardiovascular diseases.
Source: Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental - March 5, 2017 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Beth Ann Murphy, Marija Tadin-Strapps, Kristian Jensen, Robin Mogg, Andy Liaw, Kithsiri Herath, Gowri Bhat, David G. McLaren, Stephen F. Previs, Shirly Pinto Source Type: research

Amyloid formation disrupts the balance between interleukin-1 β and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in human islets
Conclusion These data suggest that amyloid formation impairs the balance between IL-1β and IL-1Ra in islets by increasing IL-1β production and reducing IL-1Ra levels thereby promoting β-cell dysfunction and death. Restoring the IL-1β / IL-1Ra ratio may provide an effective strategy to protect islet β-cells from amyloid toxicity in T2D.
Source: Molecular Metabolism - June 1, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Protein Kinase N2 Regulates AMP-Kinase Signaling and Insulin Responsiveness of Glucose Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle.
Abstract Insulin resistance is central to the development of type 2 diabetes and related metabolic disorders. As skeletal muscle is responsible for the majority of whole body insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, regulation of glucose metabolism in this tissue is of particular importance. While Rho GTPases and many of their affecters influence skeletal muscle metabolism, there is a paucity of information on the protein kinase N (PKN) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. We investigated the impact of PKN2 on insulin signaling and glucose metabolism in primary human skeletal muscle cells in vitro and mouse tibia...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism - July 18, 2017 Category: Physiology Authors: Ruby MA, Riedl I, Massart J, Åhlin M, Zierath JR Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

High glucose and free fatty acids induce endothelial progenitor cell senescence via PGC-1 α/SIRT1 signaling pathway.
The objective of the research was to investigate the function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the conditions of high glucose and lipids, which has been widely used to mimic the metabolic disorder that occurs in type 2 diabetic mellitus, and further to verify the role of PGC-1α and SIRT1, cellular energy metabolism regulators, in the process of senescence of EPCs with these combined stimuli. Circulating EPCs were incubated in absence or presence of high glucose (25 mM), FFA (200 μM) or both. EPCs senescence was assessed by β-galactosidase staining, EPCs telomerase activity was measured by telomeric repeat ampli...
Source: Cell Biology International - August 7, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Song X, Yang B, Qiu F, Jia M, Fu G Tags: Cell Biol Int Source Type: research