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Condition: Diabetes Type 2

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Total 421 results found since Jan 2013.

Metformin inhibits the proliferation of human prostate cancer PC-3 cells via the downregulation of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor.
Abstract Metformin is a biguanide drug that is widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have shown that metformin inhibits cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. The anti-tumor mechanisms of metformin include activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase/mTOR pathway and direct inhibition of insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-mediated cellular proliferation. However, the anti-tumor mechanism in prostate cancer remains unclear. Because activation of the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is required for prostate cell proliferation, IGF-1R inhibitors may be of the...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - April 7, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kato H, Sekine Y, Furuya Y, Miyazawa Y, Koike H, Suzuki K Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

Inhibition of the glucose transporter SGLT2 with dapagliflozin in pancreatic alpha cells triggers glucagon secretion
Nature Medicine 21, 512 (2015). doi:10.1038/nm.3828 Authors: Caroline Bonner, Julie Kerr-Conte, Valéry Gmyr, Gurvan Queniat, Ericka Moerman, Julien Thévenet, Cédric Beaucamps, Nathalie Delalleau, Iuliana Popescu, Willy J Malaisse, Abdullah Sener, Benoit Deprez, Amar Abderrahmani, Bart Staels & François Pattou Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from a deficiency in insulin signaling, because of insulin resistance and/or defects in insulin secretion; it is also associated with increases in glucagon and endogenous glucose production (EGP). Gliflozins, incl...
Source: Nature Medicine - April 20, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Caroline BonnerJulie Kerr-ConteValéry GmyrGurvan QueniatEricka MoermanJulien ThévenetCédric BeaucampsNathalie DelalleauIuliana PopescuWilly J MalaisseAbdullah SenerBenoit DeprezAmar AbderrahmaniBart StaelsFrançois Pattou Tags: Letter Source Type: research

Diacylglycerol Signaling Pathway in Pancreatic β-Cells: An Essential Role of Diacylglycerol Kinase in the Regulation of Insulin Secretion.
Abstract Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a lipid signal messenger and plays a physiological role in β-cells. Since defective glucose homeostasis increases de novo DAG synthesis, DAG may also contribute to β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Although the primary function of DAG is to activate protein kinase C (PKC), the role of PKC in insulin secretion is controversial: PKC has been reported to act as both a positive and negative regulator of insulin secretion. In addition to the PKC pathway, DAG has also been shown to mediate other pathways such as the Munc-13-dependent pathway in β-cells. The intracellular levels o...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - May 9, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Kaneko YK, Ishikawa T Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: research

SIRT1 attenuates high glucose-induced insulin resistance via reducing mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle cells
Insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sustained high glucose is an important extracellular environment that induces insulin resistance. Acquired insulin resistance is associated with reduced insulin-stimulated mitochondrial activity as a result of increased mitochondrial dysfunction. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is one member of the SIRT2 (Sir2)-like family of proteins involved in glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion in mammals. Although SIRT1 has a therapeutic effect on metabolic deterioration in insulin resi...
Source: Experimental Biology and Medicine - May 11, 2015 Category: Research Authors: Zhang, H.-H., Ma, X.-J., Wu, L.-N., Zhao, Y.-Y., Zhang, P.-Y., Zhang, Y.-H., Shao, M.-W., Liu, F., Li, F., Qin, G.-J. Tags: Biochemistry & amp;amp; Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Up-regulation of fatty acid synthase induced by EGFR/ERK activation promotes tumor growth in pancreatic cancer.
Abstract Lipid metabolism is dysregulated in many human diseases including atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes and cancers. Fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key lipogenic enzyme involved in de novo lipid biosynthesis, is significantly upregulated in multiple types of human cancers and associates with tumor progression. However, limited data is available to understand underlying biological functions and clinical significance of overexpressed FASN in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here, upregulated FASN was more frequently observed in PDAC tissues compared with normal pancreas in a tissue microarray. Kaplan-Meie...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - June 1, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Bian Y, Yu Y, Wang S, Li L Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

Epigenetic Regulation of Placenta-Specific 8 Contributes to Altered Function of Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells Exposed to Intrauterine Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
This study provides strong evidence in neonatal endothelial progenitor cells that GDM exposure in utero leads to altered gene expression and DNA methylation, suggesting the possibility of altered epigenetic regulation.
Source: Diabetes - June 23, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Blue, E. K.; Sheehan, B. M.; Nuss, Z. V.; Boyle, F. A.; Hocutt, C. M.; Gohn, C. R.; Varberg, K. M.; McClintick, J. N.; Haneline, L. S. Tags: Genetics/Genomes/Proteomics/Metabolomics Source Type: research

Activated Kupffer cells inhibit insulin sensitivity in obese mice Research Communication
Obesity promotes insulin resistance associated with liver inflammation, elevated glucose production, and type 2 diabetes. Although insulin resistance is attenuated in genetic mouse models that suppress systemic inflammation, it is not clear whether local resident macrophages in liver, denoted Kupffer cells (KCs), directly contribute to this syndrome. We addressed this question by selectively silencing the expression of the master regulator of inflammation, NF-B, in KCs in obese mice. We used glucan-encapsulated small interfering RNA particles (GeRPs) that selectively silence gene expression in macrophages in vivo. Followin...
Source: FASEB Journal - June 30, 2015 Category: Biology Authors: Tencerova, M., Aouadi, M., Vangala, P., Nicoloro, S. M., Yawe, J. C., Cohen, J. L., Shen, Y., Garcia-Menendez, L., Pedersen, D. J., Gallagher-Dorval, K., Perugini, R. A., Gupta, O. T., Czech, M. P. Tags: Research Communication Source Type: research

Perilipin 3 Differentially Regulates Skeletal Muscle Lipid Oxidation in Active, Sedentary and Type 2 Diabetic Males.
CONCLUSIONS: Differential expression of PLIN3 and BFA sensitivity may explain differential lipid oxidation efficiency in skeletal muscle among these cohorts. PMID: 26171795 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - July 14, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Covington JD, Noland RC, Hebert RC, Masinter BS, Smith SR, Rustan AC, Ravussin E, Bajpeyi S Tags: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

Transcription Factor Egr1 is Involved in High Glucose-Induced Proliferation and Fibrosis in Rat Glomerular Mesangial Cells
Conclusion: Our results provide strong evidence that Egr1 contributes to diabetic nephropathy by enhancing MC proliferation and ECM production, in part by interacting with TGF-β1.Cell Physiol Biochem 2015;36:2093-2107
Source: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry - July 21, 2015 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition by gemigliptin prevents abnormal vascular remodeling via NF-E2-related factor 2 activation.
Abstract Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors exert a potent anti-hyperglycemic effect and reduce cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetic patients. Several studies have shown that DPP-4 inhibitors including sitagliptin have beneficial effects in atherosclerosis and cardiac infarction involving reactive oxygen species. Here, we show that gemigliptin can directly attenuate the abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) via enhanced NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity. Gemigliptin dramatically prevented ligation injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia in mouse carotid arteries. ...
Source: Vascular Pharmacology - July 15, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Choi SH, Park S, Oh CJ, Leem J, Park KG, Lee IK Tags: Vascul Pharmacol Source Type: research

Reduced SIRT1 signaling exacerbates myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in type 2 diabetic rats and the protective effect of melatonin
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Journal of Pineal Research - August 20, 2015 Category: Research Authors: Liming Yu, Hongliang Liang, Xiaochao Dong, Guolong Zhao, Zhenxiao Jin, Mengen Zhai, Yang Yang, Wensheng Chen, Jincheng Liu, Wei Yi, Jian Yang, Dinghua Yi, Weixun Duan, Shiqiang Yu Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Reduced silent information regulator 1 signaling exacerbates myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury in type 2 diabetic rats and the protective effect of melatonin
In this study, we developed high‐fat diet‐fed streptozotocin (HFD‐STZ) rat, a well‐known type 2 diabetic model, to evaluate the effect of melatonin on MI/R injury with a focus on silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) signaling, oxidative stress, and PERK/eIF2α/ATF4‐mediated ER stress. HFD‐STZ treated rats were exposed to melatonin treatment in the presence or the absence of sirtinol (a SIRT1 inhibitor) and subjected to MI/R surgery. Compared with nondiabetic animals, type 2 diabetic rats exhibited significantly decreased myocardial SIRT1 signaling, increased apoptosis, enhanced oxidative stress, and ER stress...
Source: Journal of Pineal Research - September 11, 2015 Category: Research Authors: Liming Yu, Hongliang Liang, Xiaochao Dong, Guolong Zhao, Zhenxiao Jin, Mengen Zhai, Yang Yang, Wensheng Chen, Jincheng Liu, Wei Yi, Jian Yang, Dinghua Yi, Weixun Duan, Shiqiang Yu Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, inhibits retinal pericyte injury in db/db mice and retinal neovascularization in mice with ischemic retinopathy.
Abstract Retinal pericyte loss and neovascularization are characteristic features of diabetic retinopathy. Gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, has shown robust blood-glucose lowering effects in type 2 diabetic patients, but its effects on diabetic retinopathy have not yet been reported. We evaluated the efficacy of gemigliptin on retinal vascular leakage in db/db mice, which is an animal model for type 2 diabetes, and neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mice, which is an animal model for ischemic proliferative retinopathy. Gemigliptin (100mg/kg/day) was orally administered t...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - September 18, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Jung E, Kim J, Kim CS, Kim SH, Cho MH Tags: Biochim Biophys Acta Source Type: research

Gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, inhibits retinal pericyte injury in db/db mice and retinal neovascularization in mice with ischemic retinopathy
Publication date: December 2015 Source:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, Volume 1852, Issue 12 Author(s): Eunsoo Jung, Junghyun Kim, Chan-Sik Kim, Sung-Ho Kim, Myung-Haing Cho Retinal pericyte loss and neovascularization are characteristic features of diabetic retinopathy. Gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, has shown robust blood-glucose lowering effects in type 2 diabetic patients, but its effects on diabetic retinopathy have not yet been reported. We evaluated the efficacy of gemigliptin on retinal vascular leakage in db/db mice, which is an animal model for ty...
Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Molecular Basis of Disease - September 27, 2015 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

Aralia taibaiensis Protects Cardiac Myocytes against High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis.
Abstract Patients with type 2 diabetes have increased cardiovascular disease risk compared with those without diabetes. Hyperglycemia can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which contributes to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Our previous study has demonstrated that the total saponins of Aralia taibaiensis (sAT), a frequently-used antidiabetic medicine in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), can scavenge free radicals in vitro and have good anti-oxidant ability on lipid peroxidation of rat liver microsomes. This work was designed to investigate whether sAT could protect the heart while it ...
Source: The American Journal of Chinese Medicine - October 11, 2015 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Duan J, Wei G, Guo C, Cui J, Yan J, Yin Y, Guan Y, Weng Y, Zhu Y, Wu X, Wang Y, Xi M, Wen A Tags: Am J Chin Med Source Type: research