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Nutrition: Vitamins

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Total 289 results found since Jan 2013.

053 Molecular mechanism of miR-145/Smad3 pathway mediated by active vitamin D in Lupus Nephritis
To elucidate the roles of 1,25(OH)2D3 and VDR in the pathogenesis of Lupus Nephritis (LN) by regulating miR-145 expression through TGF- β1-dependent Smad3 signaling pathway.From January 1, 2012 to January 1, 2017, 49 children (11 males and 38 females) with LN and 50 healthy controls were selected in this study. CD4+Tcells treated with different concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3(1×10-6mmol/L,1×10-7mmol/L,1×10-8mmol/L).VDR-siRNA inter ference vector and human VDR overexpression vector were constructed. CD4+T cells in logarithmic growth phase were divided into 6 groups: the normal control group, the normal negative control (N...
Source: Journal of Investigative Dermatology - April 19, 2019 Category: Dermatology Authors: Y. Ding, X. He Tags: Adaptive and Auto-Immunity Source Type: research

Reduced folate carrier 1 is present in retinal microvessels and crucial for the inner blood retinal barrier integrity
ConclusionIn conclusion, our study clarifies the presence of RFC1 protein in the inner BRB, which has recently been defined as hypoxia –immune-related gene in other tissues and offers a novel perspective of retinal RFC1. Hence, other than being a folate carrier, RFC1 is an acute regulator of the inner BRB in healthy and ischemic retinas.
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - June 16, 2023 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Differential regulation of drug transporter expression by all-trans retinoic acid in hepatoma HepaRG cells and human hepatocytes.
Abstract All-trans retinoic acid (atRA) is the active form of vitamin A, known to activate retinoid receptors, especially the heterodimer retinoid X receptor (RXR):retinoic acid receptor (RAR) that otherwise may play a role in regulation of some drug transporters. The present study was designed to characterize the nature of human hepatic transporters that may be targeted by atRA and the heterodimer RXR:RAR. Exposure of human hepatoma HepaRG cells and primary human hepatocytes to 5 μM atRA down-regulated mRNA levels of various sinusoidal solute carrier (SLC) influx transporters, including organic anion transportin...
Source: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences - January 22, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Le Vee M, Jouan E, Stieger B, Fardel O Tags: Eur J Pharm Sci Source Type: research

REPORT: Ascorbate Enhances the Generation of 5-hmC DNA and Chromosomes
Ascorbate (vitamin C) is best known for its role in scurvy, in which the hydroxylation of collagen catalyzed by dioxygenases is incomplete due to ascorbate deficiency. Here, we report a novel function of ascorbate in the hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in DNA catalyzed by Tet (ten-eleven translocation) methylcytosine dioxygenase. The content of 5-hmC is extremely low in mouse embryonic fibroblasts cultured in ascorbate-free medium. Additions of ascorbate dose- and time-dependently enhance the generation of 5-hmC, without any effects on the expression of Tet genes. Treatment with ...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - May 10, 2013 Category: Chemistry Authors: Minor, E. A., Court, B. L., Young, J. I., Wang, G. Tags: Reports Source Type: research

Glyoxalate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase interacts with the sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter-1 to regulate cellular vitamin C homeostasis.
Abstract The human sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 1 (hSVCT1) contributes to cellular uptake of ascorbic acid (AA). While different aspects of hSVCT1 cell biology have been extensively studied, nothing is currently known about the broader hSVCT1 interactome that modulates its role in cellular physiology. Here, we identify the enzyme human glyoxalate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (hGR/HPR) as an hSVCT1 associated protein by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening of a human liver cDNA library. The interaction between hSVCT1 and hGR/HPR was further confirmed by in vitro GST-pull-down assay, in vivo co-immunopr...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology - April 18, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Subramanian VS, Nabokina SM, Patton JR, Marchant JS, Moradi H, Said HM Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: research

Glyoxalate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase interacts with the sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter-1 to regulate cellular vitamin C homeostasis
The human sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 1 (hSVCT1) contributes to cellular uptake of ascorbic acid (AA). Although different aspects of hSVCT1 cell biology have been extensively studied, nothing is currently known about the broader hSVCT1 interactome that modulates its role in cellular physiology. Here, we identify the enzyme human glyoxalate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (hGR/HPR) as an hSVCT1 associated protein by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening of a human liver cDNA library. The interaction between hSVCT1 and hGR/HPR was further confirmed by in vitro GST pull-down assay, in vivo coimmunoprecipitation and ...
Source: AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology - June 15, 2013 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Subramanian, V. S., Nabokina, S. M., Patton, J. R., Marchant, J. S., Moradi, H., Said, H. M. Tags: LIVER AND BILIARY TRACT Source Type: research

γ-Tocotrienol induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via activating the Bax-mediated mitochondrial and AMPK signaling pathways in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
This study aimed to examine the anti-proliferative effects of α-, γ- and δ-tocotrienols (αT3, γT3 and δT3), and α-tocopherol on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Results showed that compared with other vitamin E analogues, γT3 demonstrated the most potent anti-proliferative effect on 3T3-L1 cells. It significantly caused a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and an increase in ROS formation, as well as inducing cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at S phase. Further studies showed that it down-regulated Bcl-2 and PPAR-γ expression, suppressed Akt and ERK activation and phosphorylation, and caused cytochrome c ...
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology - June 28, 2013 Category: Food Science Authors: Wu SJ, Huang GY, Ng LT Tags: Food Chem Toxicol Source Type: research

Vitamin D receptor gene silencing effects on differentiation of myogenic cell lines
Conclusions:. Our results suggest that myoblasts require signals transmitted through VDR for differentiation into myocytes and emphasize the importance of VDR expression in skeletal muscles for maintaining muscle volume in the elderly. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Source: Muscle and Nerve - July 19, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Masahiko Tanaka, Koshi N. Kishimoto, Hiroshi Okuno, Hideo Saito, Eiji Itoi Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

All-transRetinoic Acid Regulates Th1/Th2 Balance in CD4+ T cells When GATA-3 is Deficient.
Abstract The essential effect of vitamin A on immune function occurs through various mechanisms including direct effect on Th1-Th2 balance modulation. However, it is unclear whether or not vitamin A can regulate Th1-Th2 balance under a strong Th1-polarizing condition. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to examine the effect of vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on Th1-Th2 differentiation in CD4+ T cells under GATA-3 deficiency, which can induce Th1-polarizing condition. In the present study, GATA-3 deficiency T cells were induced by siRNA and checked by real-time quantitative PCR and western ...
Source: Biomedical and Environmental Sciences : BES - September 1, 2013 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Zhu YF, Hu JZ, Zhao PN, Liu LX, Li Y Tags: Biomed Environ Sci Source Type: research

Vitamin D Analog EB1089 Induces Apoptosis in a Subpopulation of SGC-7901 Gastric Cancer Cells Through a Mitochondrial-Dependent Apoptotic Pathway.
Abstract Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Cancer stem-like side population (SP) cells may be important factors that hinder efficacy of chemopreventative and chemotherapeutic approaches in gastric cancer. EB1089 is an antitumor agent that has been used in many cancers; however, no reports to date have determined the effects of EB1089 in gastric cancer. In our study, SP and main population (MP) cells were isolated from 4 gastric cancer cell lines in different stages of differentiation by flow cytometry (FCM) and confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR...
Source: Nutrition and Cancer - October 7, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Wang W, Zhao CH, Zhang N, Wang J Tags: Nutr Cancer Source Type: research

A review of ligand tethered surface engineered carbon nanotubes.
Abstract Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as fascinating materials, exhibiting promising potential in receptor based targeting owing to their unique physicochemical properties (cell membrane penetration, high surface area and drug payload, biocompatibility, easy surface modification, photoluminescence property, and non-immunogenicity etc). The hydrophilicity, a major constrain associated with the first generation of CNTs i.e. pristine CNTs, could be overcome using functionalization techniques. In the last two decades variety of functionalized CNTs (f-CNTs) i.e. oxidized, amidated, acylated, surfactant and biop...
Source: Biomaterials - November 6, 2013 Category: Materials Science Authors: Mehra NK, Mishra V, Jain NK Tags: Biomaterials Source Type: research

Functional Involvement of RFVT3/SLC52A3 in Intestinal Riboflavin Absorption.
In this study, we investigated the functional involvement of RFVT3 in riboflavin absorption using intestinal epithelial T84 cells and mouse small intestine. T84 cells expressed RFVT3 and conserved unidirectional riboflavin transport corresponding to intestinal absorption. Apical [(3)H]riboflavin uptake was pH-dependent in T84 cells. This uptake was not affected by Na(+) depletion at apical pH 6.0, although it was significantly decreased at apical pH 7.4. The [(3)H]riboflavin uptake from the apical side of T84 cells was prominently inhibited by the RFVT3 selective inhibitor, methylene blue, and significantly decreased by tr...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology - November 21, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Yoshimatsu H, Yonezawa A, Yao Y, Sugano K, Nakagawa S, Omura T, Matsubara K Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: research

ERK5 Pathway Regulates Transcription Factors Important for Monocytic Differentiation of Human Myeloid Leukemia Cells
This study was performed using established cell lines HL60 and U937, and primary cultures of blasts from 10 patients with ML. We found that ERK5 and its direct downstream target transcription factor MEF2C are upregulated by 1,25D in parallel with monocytic differentiation. Further, inhibition of ERK5 activity by specific pharmacological agents BIX02189 and XMD8‐92 alters the phenotype of these cells by reducing the abundance of the VDD‐induced surface monocytic marker CD14, and concomitantly increasing surface expression of the general myeloid marker CD11b. Similar results were obtained when the expression of ERK5 was ...
Source: Journal of Cellular Physiology - November 22, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Xuening Wang, Stella Pesakhov, Jonathan S Harrison, Michael Danilenko, George P Studzinski Tags: Original Research Article Source Type: research

Mitochondrial ascorbic acid transport is mediated by a low-affinity form of the sodium-coupled ascorbic acid transporter-2 (SVCT2).
We report here that human HEK-293 cells express a mitochondrial low-affinity ascorbic acid transporter that molecularly corresponds to SVCT2, a member of the sodium-coupled ascorbic acid transporter family 2. The transporter SVCT1 is absent from the HEK-293 cells. Confocal colocalization experiments with anti-SVCT2 and anti-organelle protein markers revealed that most of the SVCT2 immunoreactivity was associated with mitochondria, with minor colocalization at the endoplasmic reticulum and very low immunoreactivity at the plasma membrane. Immunoblotting of proteins extracted from highly purified mitochondrial fractions conf...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - March 1, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Muñoz-Montesino C, Roa FJ, Peña E, González M, Sotomayor K, Inostrosa E, Muñoz C, González I, Maldonado M, Soliz C, Reyes AM, Carlos Vera J, Rivas CI Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Coenzyme Q10, Statin, and Spinocerebellar Ataxias (P6.047)
CONCLUSIONS:CoQ10 is associated with better clinical outcome in SCA1, 2, and 3 whereas statins are associated with worse clinical outcome in SCA6. These drug exposures did not appear to influence clinical progression within 2 years. CoQ10 and statins may have only symptomatic effects or require a longer period of time for disease modification.Study Supported by:American Brain Foundation Research Fellowship, Rare Disease Clinical Research Network RC1NS068897, and NINDS K08 NS083738.Disclosure: Dr. Kuo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Figueroa has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pulst has received person...
Source: Neurology - April 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Kuo, S.-H., Lo, R., Figueroa, K., Pulst, S., Perlman, S., Wilmot, G., Gomez, C., Schmahmann, J., Paulson, H., Shakkottai, V., Ying, S., Zesiewicz, T., Bushara, K., Geschwind, M., Xia, G., Subramony, S., Ashizawa, T. Tags: Movement Disorders: Spinocerebellar Ataxias Source Type: research