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Total 46 results found since Jan 2013.

Exercise Training Reverses Lipotoxicity-induced Cardiomyopathy by Inhibiting HMGCS2
Conclusion Our results suggest that exercise limits lipid metabolic disorder, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis and aids in the prevention of lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. Exercise-mediated cardioprotection by upregulating miR-344g-5p, which targets Hmgcs2 mRNA, prohibits HMGCS2 upregulation and thus lipotoxicity.
Source: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - December 19, 2020 Category: Sports Medicine Tags: BASIC SCIENCES Source Type: research

Large-Scale “OMICS” Studies to Explore the Physiopatholgy of HIV-1 Infection
In this review, we present the main large-scale experimental studies that have been performed in the HIV/AIDS field. These “omics” studies are based on several technologies including genotyping, RNA interference, and transcriptome or epigenome analysis. Due to the direct connection with disease evolution, there has been a large focus on genotyping cohorts of well-characterized patients through genome-wide association studies (GWASs), but there have also been several invitro studies such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) interference or transcriptome analyses of HIV-1–infected cells. After describing the major results ...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - September 12, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

miRNA-218 Targets Lipin-1 and Glucose Transporter Type 4 Genes in 3T3-L1 Cells Treated With Lopinavir/Ritonavir
Conclusion: 3T3-L1 cells, treated with LPV/RTV, show altered lipid content due to increased miRNA-218 levels, which affects lipin-1 mRNA. Moreover, increased miRNA-218 levels were inversely correlated with changes in GLUT-4 expression, which suggests a role for miRNA-218 in mediating the insulin resistance consequent to cART. Introduction Metabolic syndrome is a serious consequence of combined Antiretroviral Therapy (cART). HIV-associated metabolic syndrome is often accompanied by lipodystrophy (LS), the redistribution of body fat with loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue in face, limbs and buttocks, concomitant wit...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 29, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Auranofin, an Anti-rheumatic Gold Drug, Aggravates the Radiation-Induced Acute Intestinal Injury in Mice
Conclusion In this study, we found that a non-toxic dose of auranofin significantly aggravated the severity of the radiation-induced intestinal injury. This suggests that auranofin treatment can be an independent factor that influences the risk of intestinal complications after pelvic or abdominal radiotherapy. Ethics Statement All the protocols used in this study were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Korean Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (IACUC permit number: KIRAMS217-0007). Author Contributions H-JL, JS, and Y-BL designed the experiments. EL and JK conducted the exp...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 23, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

SOCS and Herpesviruses, With Emphasis on Cytomegalovirus Retinitis
Christine I. Alston1,2 and Richard D. Dix1,2* 1Department of Biology, Viral Immunology Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins provide selective negative feedback to prevent pathogeneses caused by overstimulation of the immune system. Of the eight known SOCS proteins, SOCS1 and SOCS3 are the best studied, and systemic deletion of either gene causes early lethality in mice. Many viruses, including herpesviruses such as herpes simplex virus and cytomega...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 10, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

IL-17A and IL-17F repair HIV-1 gp140 damaged Caco-2 cell barriers by upregulating tight junction genes
Publication date: Available online 2 April 2019Source: Microbes and InfectionAuthor(s): Fengjie Wang, Yanfang Cui, Xiuli Shen, Shuhui Wang, Gui-bo YangAbstractIt is widely accepted that impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier from HIV/AIDS contributes significantly to microbial translocation and systemic immune activation. Such factors present potential targets for novel treatments aimed toward a functional cure. However, the extracellular mechanisms of intestinal barrier repair are poorly understood. In the current study, we investigated the abilities of IL-17A and IL-17F to repair the damaged barrier caused by HI...
Source: Microbes and Infection - April 3, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

The Per-1 short isoform inhibits de novo HIV-1 transcription in resting CD4+ T-cells.
CONCLUSION: These data together suggest that Per-1 is a novel negative regulator of HIV-1 transcription. This restrictive activity of Per-1 to HIV-1 replication may contribute HIV-1 latency in resting CD4+ T-cells. PMID: 30774045 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - February 18, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Zhao L, Liu M, Ouyang J, Zhu Z, Geng W, Dong J, Xiong Y, Wang S, Zhang X, Qiao Y, Ding H, Sun H, Liang G, Shang H, Han X Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Characterization of the Src-regulated kinome identifies SGK1 as a key mediator of Src-induced transformation.
Abstract Despite significant progress, our understanding of how specific oncogenes transform cells is still limited and likely underestimates the complexity of downstream signalling events. To address this gap, we use mass spectrometry-based chemical proteomics to characterize the global impact of an oncogene on the expressed kinome, and then functionally annotate the regulated kinases. As an example, we identify 63 protein kinases exhibiting altered expression and/or phosphorylation in Src-transformed mammary epithelial cells. An integrated siRNA screen identifies nine kinases, including SGK1, as being essential ...
Source: Genomics Proteomics ... - January 17, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Ma X, Zhang L, Song J, Nguyen E, Lee RS, Rodgers SJ, Li F, Huang C, Schittenhelm RB, Chan H, Chheang C, Wu J, Brown KK, Mitchell CA, Simpson KJ, Daly RJ Tags: Nat Commun Source Type: research

Mutation Frequencies in HIV-1 Genome in Regions Containing Efficient RNAi Targets As Calculated from Ultra-Deep Sequencing Data.
Abstract HIV-1 is one of the most variable viruses. The development of gene therapy technology using RNAi for AIDS/HIV-1 treatment is a potential alternative for traditional anti-retroviral therapy. Anti-HIV-1 siRNA should aim to exploit the most conserved viral targets. Using the deep sequencing of potential RNAi targets in 100-nt HIV-1 genome fragments from the clinical HIV-1 subtype A isolates in Russia, we found that the frequencies of all possible transversions and transitions in certain RNAi targets are 3-38 times lower than in adjacent sequences. Therefore, these targets are conserved. We propose the develo...
Source: Molekuliarnaia Biologiia - May 1, 2018 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Kretova OV, Gorbacheva MA, Fedoseeva DM, Kravatsky YV, Chechetkin VR, Tchurikov NA Tags: Mol Biol (Mosk) Source Type: research

HIV latency is reversed by ACSS2-driven histone crotonylation
We report that a previously unrecognized epigenetic modification of the HIV LTR, histone crotonylation, is a regulator of HIV latency. Reactivation of latent HIV was achieved following the induction of histone crotonylation through increased expression of the crotonyl-CoA–producing enzyme acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 (ACSS2). This reprogrammed the local chromatin at the HIV LTR through increased histone acetylation and reduced histone methylation. Pharmacologic inhibition or siRNA knockdown of ACSS2 diminished histone crotonylation–induced HIV replication and reactivation. ACSS2 induction was highly ...
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - February 20, 2018 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Guochun Jiang, Don Nguyen, Nancie M. Archin, Steven A. Yukl, Gema Méndez-Lagares, Yuyang Tang, Maher M. Elsheikh, George R. Thompson III, Dennis J. Hartigan-O’Connor, David M. Margolis, Joseph K. Wong, Satya Dandekar Source Type: research

GM ‐CSF ameliorates microvascular barrier integrity via pericyte‐derived Ang‐1 in wound healing
Abstract Skin wound healing involves complex coordinated interactions of cells, tissues, and mediators. Maintaining microvascular barrier integrity is one of the key events for endothelial homeostasis during wound healing. Vasodilation is observed after vasoconstriction, which causes blood vessels to become porous, facilitates leukocyte infiltration and aids angiogenesis at the wound‐area, postinjury. Eventually, vessel integrity has to be reestablished for vascular maturation. Numerous studies have found that granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) accelerates wound healing by inducing recruitment ...
Source: Wound Repair and Regeneration - February 16, 2018 Category: Surgery Authors: Min Yan, Yange Hu, Min Yao, Shisan Bao, Yong Fang Tags: Original Research ‐Basic Science Source Type: research

GM ‐CSF ameliorates microvascular barrier integrity via pericytes‐derived Ang‐1 in wound healing
Abstract Skin wound healing involves complex coordinated interactions of cells, tissues, and mediators. Maintaining microvascular barrier integrity is one of the key events for endothelial homeostasis during wound healing. Vasodilation is observed after vasoconstriction, which causes blood vessels to become porous, facilitates leukocyte infiltration and aids angiogenesis at the wound‐area, postinjury. Eventually, vessel integrity has to be reestablished for vascular maturation. Numerous studies have found that granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) accelerates wound healing by inducing recruitment ...
Source: Wound Repair and Regeneration - February 16, 2018 Category: Surgery Authors: Min Yan, Yange Hu, Min Yao, Shisan Bao, Yong Fang Tags: Original Research ‐Basic Science Source Type: research

GM ‐CSF Ameliorates Micro‐vascular Barrier Integrity via Pericytes Derived Ang‐1 in Wound Healing
Conclusions: Our data indicate that GM‐CSF ameliorates micro‐vascular barrier integrity via pericyte derived Ang‐1 during wound healing. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Wound Repair and Regeneration - January 12, 2018 Category: Surgery Authors: Min Yan, Yange Hu, Min Yao, Shisan Bao, Yong Fang Tags: Original Research ‐Basic Science Source Type: research

NR4A2 Promotes DNA Double-strand Break Repair Upon Exposure to UVR
Exposure of melanocytes to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) induces the formation of UV lesions that can produce deleterious effects in genomic DNA. Encounters of replication forks with unrepaired UV lesions can lead to several complex phenomena, such as the formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The NR4A family of nuclear receptors are transcription factors that have been associated with mediating DNA repair functions downstream of the MC1R signaling pathway in melanocytes. In particular, emerging evidence shows that upon DNA damage, the NR4A2 receptor can translocate to sites of UV lesion by mechanisms requiring post-t...
Source: Molecular Cancer Research - August 31, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Yin, K., Chhabra, Y., Tropee, R., Lim, Y. C., Fane, M., Dray, E., Sturm, R. A., Smith, A. G. Tags: DNA Damage and Repair Source Type: research

Exosomes from uninfected cells activate transcription of latent HIV-1 Microbiology
In this study, we asked whether exosomes from uninfected cells could activate latent HIV-1 in infected cells. We observed that irrespective of combination antiretroviral therapy, both short- and long-length viral transcripts were increased in wild-type HIV-1–infected cells exposed to purified exosomes from uninfected cells. A search for a possible mechanism for this finding revealed that the exosomes increase RNA polymerase II loading onto the HIV-1 promoter in the infected cells. These viral transcripts, which include trans-activation response (TAR) RNA and a novel RNA that we termed TAR-gag, can then be packaged into e...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - July 14, 2017 Category: Chemistry Authors: Robert A. Barclay, Angela Schwab, Catherine DeMarino, Yao Akpamagbo, Benjamin Lepene, Seble Kassaye, Sergey Iordanskiy, Fatah Kashanchi Tags: Microbiology Source Type: research