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Condition: Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy

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Total 132 results found since Jan 2013.

Increased PDE5 Activity and Decreased Rho Kinase and PKC Activities in Colonic Muscle from Caveolin-1-/- Mice Impairs the Peristaltic Reflex and Propulsion.
Abstract Caveolae are specialized regions of the plasma membrane that concentrate receptors and associated signaling molecules critical in regulation of cellular response to transmitters and hormones. We have determined the effects of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) deletion, caveolin-1 siRNA, and caveolar disruption in mice on the signaling pathways that mediate contraction and relaxation in colonic smooth muscle, and on the components of the peristaltic reflex in isolated tissue and propulsion in intact colonic segments. In Cav-1(-/-) mice, both relaxation and contraction were decreased in smooth muscle cells and muscle stri...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology - October 24, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Mahavadi S, Bhattacharya S, Kumar DP, Clay C, Ross GR, Akbarali HI, Grider JR, Murthy KS Tags: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Source Type: research

G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) signaling regulates ghrelin secretion in vivo and in vitro.
Abstract Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), is predominantly produced in the stomach. It has been reported that endogenous ghrelin levels are increased by fasting and decreased immediately after feeding, and that fasting-induced ghrelin release is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system. However, the mechanisms of plasma ghrelin decrement after feeding are poorly understood. Here, we studied the control of ghrelin secretion using ghrelin-producing cell lines, and found that these cells express high levels of mRNA encoding G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120)...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism - November 12, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Gong Z, Yoshimura M, Aizawa S, Kurotani R, Zigman JM, Sakai T, Sakata I Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

Increased PDE5 activity and decreased Rho kinase and PKC activities in colonic muscle from caveolin-1-/- mice impair the peristaltic reflex and propulsion
Caveolae are specialized regions of the plasma membrane that concentrate receptors and associated signaling molecules critical in regulation of cellular response to transmitters and hormones. We have determined the effects of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) deletion, caveolin-1 siRNA, and caveolar disruption in mice on the signaling pathways that mediate contraction and relaxation in colonic smooth muscle and on the components of the peristaltic reflex in isolated tissue and propulsion in intact colonic segments. In Cav-1–/– mice, both relaxation and contraction were decreased in smooth muscle cells and muscle strips, as we...
Source: AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology - December 15, 2013 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Mahavadi, S., Bhattacharya, S., Kumar, D. P., Clay, C., Ross, G., Akbarali, H. I., Grider, J. R., Murthy, K. S. Tags: NEUROREGULATION AND MOTILITY Source Type: research

Dissecting domains necessary for activation and repression of splicing by muscleblind-like protein 1
Conclusions: Our results highlight the importance of RNA binding by MBNL ZF domains 1 and 2 for splicing regulatory activity, even when the protein is artificially recruited to its regulatory location on target RNAs. However, RNA binding is not sufficient for activity; additional regions between ZF 2 and 3 are also essential. Activation and repression show differential sensitivity to truncation of this linker region, suggesting interactions with different sets of cofactors for the two types of activity.
Source: BMC Molecular Biology - Latest articles - December 27, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Christopher EdgeClare GoodingChristopher Smith Source Type: research

G protein-coupled receptor 120 signaling regulates ghrelin secretion in vivo and in vitro
Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, is produced predominantly in the stomach. It has been reported that endogenous ghrelin levels are increased by fasting and decreased immediately after feeding and that fasting-induced ghrelin release is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system. However, the mechanisms of plasma ghrelin decrement after feeding are poorly understood. Here, we studied the control of ghrelin secretion using ghrelin-producing cell lines and found that these cells express high levels of mRNA encoding G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120). Addition of GW-9508 (a GPR...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - January 1, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Gong, Z., Yoshimura, M., Aizawa, S., Kurotani, R., Zigman, J. M., Sakai, T., Sakata, I. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

CD2AP Controls Cbl-3-mediated Ubiquitination of Ret Neurobiology
Ret is the receptor tyrosine kinase for the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family of neuronal growth factors. Upon activation by GDNF, Ret is rapidly polyubiquitinated and degraded. This degradation process is isoform-selective, with the longer Ret51 isoform exhibiting different degradation kinetics than the shorter isoform, Ret9. In sympathetic neurons, Ret degradation is induced, at least in part, by a complex consisting of the adaptor protein CD2AP and the E3-ligase Cbl-3/c. Knockdown of Cbl-3/c using siRNA reduced the GDNF-induced ubiquitination and degradation of Ret51 in neurons and podocytes, sug...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - March 14, 2014 Category: Chemistry Authors: Calco, G. N., Stephens, O. R., Donahue, L. M., Tsui, C. C., Pierchala, B. A. Tags: Signal Transduction Source Type: research

Abstract 3105: Neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor in neuroblastoma chemoresistance
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric tumor with heterogeneous phenotypes. While low stage tumors carry favorable prognosis, over 50% of high risk NB relapses after treatment with fatal outcome. Thus, developing therapies targeting this refractory form of NB remains an unsolved clinical problem. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a sympathetic neurotransmitter released from NB cells. High systemic levels of NPY are associated with poor clinical outcome of the disease, which is in agreement with its proliferative effect in NB cells and angiogenic properties. While all of the above functions of NPY are mediated mainly by its Y2 receptor (Y...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Trinh, E., Czarnecka, M., Hong, S.-H., Lu, C., Martin, S., Galli, S., Izycka-Swieszewska, E., Kuan-Celarier, A., Christian, D., Horton, M., Tilan, J. U., Kitlinska, J. B. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research

Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A modulates vesicular release and calcium channel function at peripheral sympathetic synapses
Abstract Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein (SV)2A is a transmembrane protein found in secretory vesicles and is critical for Ca2+‐dependent exocytosis in central neurons, although its mechanism of action remains uncertain. Previous studies have proposed, variously, a role of SV2 in the maintenance and formation of the readily releasable pool (RRP) or in the regulation of Ca2+ responsiveness of primed vesicles. Such previous studies have typically used genetic approaches to ablate SV2 levels; here, we used a strategy involving small interference RNA (siRNA) injection to knockdown solely presynaptic SV2A levels in rat superior...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - November 1, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Christian Vogl, Shota Tanifuji, Benedicte Danis, Veronique Daniels, Patrik Foerch, Christian Wolff, Benjamin J. Whalley, Sumiko Mochida, Gary J. Stephens Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

Pannexin 1 Channels Mediate the Release of ATP into the Lumen of the Rat Urinary Bladder.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 25630792 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Physiology - January 29, 2015 Category: Physiology Authors: Beckel JM, Daugherty SL, Tyagi P, Wolf-Johnston AS, Birder LA, Mitchell CH, de Groat WC Tags: J Physiol Source Type: research

The deubiquitinating enzyme UBPy/USP8 interacts with TrkA and inhibits neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells.
In this study we demonstrated that in PC12 cells the TrkA receptor interacts with the deubiquitinating enzyme USP8/UBPy in a NGF-dependent manner, and that it is deubiquitinated in vivo and in vitro by USP8. USP8 overexpression blocked NGF-induced neurites outgrowth while the overexpression of the catalytically inactive mutant USP8/UBPy(C748A) caused a marked increase of cell differentiation. Localization and biochemical experiments have point out that USP8 and TrkA partially co-localize in endosomes after NGF stimulation. Finally we have studied the role played by USP8 on TrkA turnover; using specific siRNA for USP8 we fo...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - February 4, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Ceriani M, Amigoni L, D'Aloia A, Berruti G, Martegani E Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

CaV1.2 and CaV1.3 L-type calcium channels regulate the resting membrane potential but not the expression of calcium transporters in differentiated PC12 cells.
In conclusion, Ca2+ influx through CaV1.2 or to CaV1.3 channel subtypes contributes to maintenance of the resting membrane potentials of NGF-differentiated PC12 cells but is not required for regulation of expression of genes for calcium-transporting proteins. PMID: 25675390 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: General Physiology and Biophysics - February 12, 2015 Category: Physiology Authors: Lichvárová L, Lacinová Ľ Tags: Gen Physiol Biophys Source Type: research

Local knockdown of the NaV1.6 sodium channel reduces pain behaviors, sensory neuron excitability, and sympathetic sprouting in rat models of neuropathic pain
In this study, we injected small inhibitory (si) RNA directed against the NaV1.6 sodium channel isoform into the DRG before SNL. This isoform can mediate high-frequency repetitive firing, like that seen in spontaneously active neurons. Local knockdown of NaV1.6 markedly reduced mechanical pain behaviors induced by SNL, reduced sympathetic sprouting into the ligated sensory ganglion, and blocked abnormal spontaneous activity and other measures of hyperexcitability in myelinated neurons in the ligated sensory ganglion. Immunohistochemical experiments showed that sympathetic sprouting preferentially targeted NaV1.6-positive n...
Source: Neuroscience - March 6, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

GSE62085 The Pitt-Hopkins syndrome/schizophrenia susceptibility gene TCF4 regulates human neural progenitor cell proliferation
Contributors : Matthew J Hill ; Katherinne Navarrete ; Aleksandra Maruszak ; Gemma M McLaughlin ; Richard Killick ; James Docker ; Ricardo Sainz Fuertes ; Brenda P Williams ; Nicholas J BraySeries Type : Expression profiling by arrayOrganism : Homo sapiensTranscription factor 4 (TCF4, also known as E2-2, SEF2, ITF2 and bHLHb19) is an E-protein basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is highly expressed in foetal as well as adult human brain. Common variants in the TCF4 gene show genome-wide significant association with schizophrenia and the eye disease Fuchs corneal dystrophy, while rare TCF4 deletions and loss-of...
Source: GEO: Gene Expression Omnibus - April 1, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Tags: Expression profiling by array Homo sapiens Source Type: research

Respiratory motile cilia dysfunction in a patient with cranioectodermal dysplasia
Ciliopathies such as cranioectodermal dysplasia, Sensenbrenner syndrome, short‐rib polydactyly, and Jeune syndrome are associated with respiratory complications arising from rib cage dysplasia. While such ciliopathies have been demonstrated to involve primary cilia defects, we show motile cilia dysfunction in the airway of a patient diagnosed with cranioectodermal dysplasia. While this patient had mild thoracic dystrophy not requiring surgical treatment, there was nevertheless newborn respiratory distress, restrictive airway disease with possible obstructive airway involvement, repeated respiratory infections, and atelec...
Source: American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A - April 25, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: You Li, Andrea S. Garrod, Suneeta Madan‐Khetarpal, Gayathri Sreedher, Marianne McGuire, Hisato Yagi, Nikolai T. Klena, George C. Gabriel, Omar Khalifa, Maliha Zahid, Ashok Panigrahy, Daniel J. Weiner, Cecilia W. Lo Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Transcriptional co-activator TAZ sustains proliferation and tumorigenicity of neuroblastoma by targeting CTGF and PDGF-β.
Authors: Wang M, Liu Y, Zou J, Yang R, Xuan F, Wang Y, Gao N, Cui H Abstract Neuroblastoma is a common childhood malignant tumor originated from the neural crest-derived sympathetic nervous system. A crucial event in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma is to promote proliferation of neuroblasts, which is closely related to poor survival. However, mechanisms for regulation of cell proliferation and tumorigenicity in neuroblastoma are not well understood. Here, we report that overexpression of TAZ in neuroblastoma BE(2)-C cells causes increases in cell proliferation, self renewal and colony formation, which was restore...
Source: Oncotarget - May 6, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Oncotarget Source Type: research