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Condition: Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy

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Total 132 results found since Jan 2013.

Thyroid hormone (T3) stimulates brown adipose tissue activation via mitochondrial biogenesis and MTOR-mediated mitophagy.
Abstract The thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) activates thermogenesis by uncoupling electron transport from ATP synthesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) mitochondria. Although T3 can induce thermogenesis by sympathetic innervation, little is known about its cell autonomous effects on BAT mitochondria. We thus examined effects of T3 on mitochondrial activity, autophagy, and metabolism in primary brown adipocytes and BAT and found that T3 increased fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial respiration as well as autophagic flux, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Interestingly, there was no significant induct...
Source: Autophagy - September 13, 2018 Category: Cytology Authors: Yau WW, Singh BK, Lesmana R, Zhou J, Sinha RA, Wong KA, Wu Y, Bay BH, Sugii S, Sun L, Yen PM Tags: Autophagy Source Type: research

Kojic acid inhibits senescence of human corneal endothelial cells via NF- κB and p21 signaling pathways.
In this study, we investigated the anti-senescence effect of kojic acid on HCEC. Cell viability, migration ability and senescence were evaluated by MTT assay, migration assay, and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining, respectively. Senescence-related protein expression was analyzed by western blotting and immunofluorescence assay. Angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was examined by tube formation assay and spheroid sprouting assay. The results showed that kojic acid could inhibit HCEC senescence, characterized by enhancing migration, decreasing the levels of SA-β-Gal sta...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - December 28, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Wei X, Luo D, Yan Y, Yu H, Sun L, Wang C, Song F, Ge H, Qian H, Li X, Tang X, Liu P Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

The JAK/STAT Pathway in Skeletal Muscle Pathophysiology
Conclusion and Perspectives The IL-6/JAK/STAT signaling cascade plays a dominant role in skeletal muscle pathophysiology. IL-6 autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine functions assign to its downstream effectors pivotal importance in skeletal muscle-wasting-associated diseases and other multiple system diseases where muscle acts in communication with other organs. Targeting the components of the JAK/STAT pathway recently emerged as a strategic approach for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and human cancer. This review highlights the opposite outcomes on muscle biology caused by the amount of local and systemic release ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 29, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

ACOX3 Dysfunction as a Potential Cause of Recurrent Spontaneous Vasospasm of Internal Carotid Artery
AbstractRecurrent spontaneous vasospasm of the extracranial internal carotid artery (RSV-eICA) is a rarely recognized cause of ischemic stroke in young adults. However, its pathophysiology remains largely unknown. Through whole-exome sequencing of the ACOX3 gene of two dizygotic Korean twin brothers affected by RSV-eICA, we identified two compound heterozygous missense variants c.235 T > G (p.F79 V) and c.665G > A (p.G222E). In silico analysis indicated that both variants were classified as pathogenic. In vitro ACOX3 enzyme assay indicated practically no enzyme activity in both F79 V and G222E mutants. ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 22, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The sympathetic/beta-adrenergic pathway mediates irisin regulation of cardiac functions in zebrafish
Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2021 Jun 11:111016. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111016. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIrisin is a 23 kDa myokine encoded in its precursor, fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5). The exercise-induced increase in the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1-α) promotes FNDC5 mRNA, followed by the proteolytic cleavage of FNDC5 to release irisin from the skeletal or cardiac muscle into blood. Irisin is abundantly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle and plays an important role in feeding, modulates appetite regulatory peptid...
Source: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular and integrative physiology. - June 14, 2021 Category: Physiology Authors: Lakshminarasimhan Sundarrajan Jithine Jayakumar Rajeswari Lynn P Weber Suraj Unniappan Source Type: research

The Release of Nitric Oxide Is Involved in the β-Arrestin1-Induced Antihypertensive Effect in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla
β-Arrestin1 is a multifunctional scaffold protein with the ability to interact with diverse signaling molecules independent of G protein-coupled receptors. We previously reported that overexpression of β-arrestin1 in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) decreased blood pressure (BP) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Nitric oxide (NO) is widely reported to be involved in central cardiovascular regulation. The goal of this study was to investigate whether NO signaling contributes to the β-arrestin1-mediated antihypertensive effect in the RVLM. It was found that bila...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - June 18, 2021 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) in the paraventricular nucleus-mediated renal sympatho-inhibition
In this study, we proposed C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) as a potential mediator of this sympatho-inhibition within the PVN. Microinjection of CNP (1.0 μg) into the PVN significantly decreased renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) (−25.8% ± 1.8% vs. −3.6% ± 1.5%), mean arterial pressure (−15.0 ± 1.9 vs. −0.1 ± 0.9 mmHg) and heart rate (−23.6 ± 3.5 vs. −0.3 ± 0.9 beats/min) compared with microinjection of vehicle. Picoinjection of CNP significantly decreased the basal discharge of extracellular single-unit recordings in 5/6 (83%) rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM)-projecting PVN neurons and in 6/...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 4, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Sympathetic neuron can promote osteoblast differentiation through BMP signaling pathway.
Abstract Communication between sympathetic neurons and osteoblasts through the adrenergic receptor pathway has already been reported. To investigate whether the sympathetic neurons have a direct effect on osteoblast differentiation, an in vitro Transwell coculture system was established in which osteoblasts were cocultured with sympathetic neurons with no cell-to-cell contact. The expression of osteogenesis-related genes was upregulated in osteoblasts cocultured with sympathetic neurons. Meanwhile, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) mRNA and protein expressions were detected in sympathetic neurons, and BMP secretion...
Source: Cellular Signalling - May 24, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: He JY, Zheng XF, Jiang SD, Chen XD, Jiang LS Tags: Cell Signal Source Type: research

Gβγ Independent Recruitment of G-Protein Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 Drives TNFα-Induced Cardiac Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Dysfunction.
CONCLUSIONS: TNFα-induced βAR desensitization is mediated by GRK2 and is independent of Gβγ uncovering a hitherto unknown cross-talk between TNFα and βAR function providing the underpinnings of inflammation-mediated cardiac dysfunction. PMID: 23785004 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Circulation - June 19, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Vasudevan NT, Mohan ML, Gupta MK, Martelli EE, Hussain AK, Qin Y, Chandrasekharan UM, Young D, Feldman AM, Sen S, Dorn GW, Dicorleto PE, Naga Prasad SV Tags: Circulation Source Type: research

In vitro correction of a pseudoexon‐generating deep intronic mutation in LGMD2A by antisense oligonucleotides and modified small nuclear RNAs
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Source: Human Mutation - July 17, 2013 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Lorea Blázquez, Ana Aiastui, Maria Goicoechea, Mafalda Martins Araujo, Avril Aurélie, Cyriaque Beley, Luis García, Juan Valcárcel, Puri Fortes, Adolfo López Munain Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

DPYSL3 expression is negatively regulated by MYCN and associated with clinical outcome in neuroblastoma
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Cancer Science - September 6, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Fei Tan, Reema Wahdan‐Alaswad, Shuang Yan, Carol J. Thiele, Zhijie Li Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Dihydropyrimidinase‐like protein 3 expression is negatively regulated by MYCN and associated with clinical outcome in neuroblastoma
Dihydropyrimidinase‐like proteins (DPYSLs) are a family of proteins developmentally regulated during maturation of the nervous system. Recently, members of the DPYSL family have been reported to be involved in cancer with low expression of DPYSL1 correlating with poor clinical outcomes in non‐small cell lung cancer and functioning as a metastasis suppressor. Neuroblastoma (NB) is a tumor derived from precursor cells of the sympathetic nervous system and is the most common solid tumor in childhood. So far the biological functions of DPYSLs in NB remain elusive. Studying the potential roles of DPYSLs in NB may give us ne...
Source: Cancer Science - October 20, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Fei Tan, Reema Wahdan‐Alaswad, Shuang Yan, Carol J. Thiele, Zhijie Li Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

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