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APTX acts in DNA double-strand break repair in a manner distinct from XRCC4
J Radiat Res. 2023 Mar 20:rrad007. doi: 10.1093/jrr/rrad007. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAprataxin (APTX), the product of the causative gene for hereditary neurogenerative syndromes Ataxia-oculomotor apraxia 1 and early onset ataxia with oculomotor apraxia and hypoalbuminemia, has an enzymatic activity of removing adenosine monophosphate from DNA 5'-end, which arises from abortive ligation by DNA ligases. It is also reported that APTX physically binds to XRCC1 and XRCC4, suggesting its involvement in DNA single-strand break repair (SSBR) and DNA double-strand break repair (DSBR) via non-homologous end joining pathway. Al...
Source: Cell Research - March 20, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Rikiya Imamura Mizuki Saito Mikio Shimada Junya Kobayashi Masamichi Ishiai Yoshihisa Matsumoto Source Type: research

Cancers, Vol. 12, Pages 3781: Novel Thiosemicarbazones Sensitize Pediatric Solid Tumor Cell-Types to Conventional Chemotherapeutics through Multiple Molecular Mechanisms
We examined the effects of combining the novel thiosemicarbazones, di-2-pyridylketone 4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (DpC), or its analog, di-2-pyridylketone-4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT), with the standard chemotherapies, celecoxib (CX), etoposide (ETO), or temozolomide (TMZ). These combinations were analyzed for synergism to inhibit proliferation of three pediatric tumor cell-types, namely osteosarcoma (Saos-2), medulloblastoma (Daoy) and neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y). In terms of mechanistic dissection, this study discovered novel thiosemicarbazone targets not previously identified and which are importa...
Source: Cancers - December 15, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Silvia Paukovcekova Jan Skoda Jakub Neradil Erika Mikulenkova Petr Chlapek Jaroslav Sterba Des R. Richardson Renata Veselska Tags: Article Source Type: research

Thrombospondin-2 stimulates MMP-9 production and promotes osteosarcoma metastasis via the PLC, PKC, c-Src and NF- κB activation.
Thrombospondin-2 stimulates MMP-9 production and promotes osteosarcoma metastasis via the PLC, PKC, c-Src and NF-κB activation. J Cell Mol Med. 2020 Oct 06;: Authors: Liu JF, Chen PC, Chang TM, Hou CH Abstract Osteosarcoma is an extremely common primary bone malignancy that is highly metastatic, with most deaths resulting from pulmonary metastases. The extracellular matrix protein thrombospondin-2 (TSP-2) is key to many biological processes, such as inflammation, wound repair and tissue remodelling. However, it is unclear as to what biological role TSP-2 plays in human metastatic osteosarcoma. The im...
Source: J Cell Mol Med - October 5, 2020 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Liu JF, Chen PC, Chang TM, Hou CH Tags: J Cell Mol Med Source Type: research

Complement C5b-9 and Cancer: Mechanisms of Cell Damage, Cancer Counteractions, and Approaches for Intervention
In conclusion, osmotic burst of inflated complement-damaged cells may occur, but these bursts are most likely a consequence of metabolic collapse of the cell rather than the cause of cell death. The Complement Cell Death Mediator: A Concerted Action of Toxic Moieties Membrane pores caused by complement were first visualized by electron microscopy on red blood cell membranes as large ring structures (22). Similar lesions were viewed on E. coli cell walls (23). Over the years, ample information on the fine ultrastructure of the MAC that can activate cell death has been gathered (24) and has been recently further examined (...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 9, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

hnRNP U and DDX47 Are Novel FANCD2 Interactors That May Help to Resolve R-Loops during Mild Replication Stress
Conclusion: We suggest that FANCD2 protects genome stability by recruiting RNA processing enzymes, including hnRNP U or DDX47, to resolve or prevent accumulation of R-loops induced by transcription-replication collisions during mild replication stress. Thus, our study may provide a novel insight to understand the mechanism of bone marrow failure and leukemogenesis in Fanconi anemia patients.DisclosuresTakaori-Kondo: Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria; Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria.
Source: Blood - November 21, 2018 Category: Hematology Authors: Okamoto, Y., Abe, M., Itaya, A., Tomida, J., Takaori-Kondo, A., Taoka, M., Isobe, T., Takata, M. Tags: 508. Bone Marrow Failure: Poster I Source Type: research

Regulation of Chromatin Assembly and Cell Transformation by Formaldehyde Exposure in Human Cells
Conclusions: We propose that the inhibition of chromatin assembly represents a novel mechanism of cell transformation induced by the environmental and occupational chemical carcinogen FA. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1275 Received: 25 October 2016 Revised: 19 May 2017 Accepted: 23 May 2017 Published: 21 September 2017 Address correspondence to C. Jin, Dept. of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Rd., Tuxedo Park, NY 10987 USA. Telephone: (845) 731-3602. Email: Chunyuan.jin@nyumc.org *Current affiliation: Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China. †Current affiliatio...
Source: EHP Research - September 21, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Research Source Type: research

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 regulates angiogenesis in a transforming growth factor β‐dependent manner in human osteosarcoma
Angiogenesis plays an important role in tumor growth and metastasis and has been reported to be inversely correlated with overall survival of osteosarcoma patients. It has been shown that apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), a dually functional protein possessing both base excision repair and redox activities, is involved in tumor angiogenesis, although these mechanisms are not fully understood. Our previous study showed that the expression of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) was significantly reduced in APE1‐deficient osteosarcoma cells. Transforming growth factor β promotes cancer metastasis through vario...
Source: Cancer Science - September 25, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Xuan Jiang, Jinlu Shan, Nan Dai, Zhaoyang Zhong, Yi Qing, Yuxing Yang, Shiheng Zhang, Chongyi Li, Jiangdong Sui, Tao Ren, Mengxia Li, Dong Wang Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 regulates angiogenesis via a transforming growth factor β‐dependent manner in human osteosarcoma
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Cancer Science - August 6, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Xuan Jiang, Jinglu Shan, Nan Dai, Zhaoyang Zhong, Yi Qing, Yuxing Yang, Shiheng Zhang, Chongyi Li, Jiangdong Sui, Tao Ren, Mengxia Li, Dong Wang Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Repair of radiation damage of U2OS osteosarcoma cells is related to DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) activity.
In conclusion, DNA-PKcs siRNA might have a potential for osteosarcoma treatment by sensitizing osteosarcoma cells to γ-ray through modulation on oxidative stress-mediated DNA DSBs repair and mitochondrial pathway apoptosis. PMID: 24390088 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry - January 5, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Tang X, Yuan F, Guo K Tags: Mol Cell Biochem Source Type: research

Alteration of the microRNA expression profile in human osteosarcoma cells transfected with APE1 siRNA.
Abstract Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease1 (APE1), which has the dual functions of DNA repair and redox regulation, is considered to be a promising potential target in cancer treatment. Microarray and qRT-PCR were used to confirm the change of miRNA followed by analysis with comprehensive bioinformatics-based analysis. Both microarray and qRT-PCR demonstrated that 13  microRNAs (miRNAs) were significantly changed (>2-fold) in APE1 knockdown HOS cells; seven of them (hsa-miR-451, hsa-miR-1290, hsa-miR-765, hsa-miR-483-5p, hsa-miR-513a-5p, hsa-miR-129-5p and hsa-miR-31) were up-regulated and the other six (h...
Source: Neoplasma - May 24, 2013 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Dai N, Zhong ZY, Cun YP, Qing Y, Chen Ch, Jiang P, Li MX, Wang D Tags: Neoplasma Source Type: research