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Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1976: Extracellular Vesicles as a Translational Approach for the Treatment of COVID-19 Disease: An Updated Overview
a Di Domenico Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a global pandemic in the years 2020–2022. With a high prevalence, an easy route of transmission, and a long incubation time, SARS-CoV-2 spread quickly and affected public health and socioeconomic conditions. Several points need to be elucidated about its mechanisms of infection, in particular, its capability to evade the immune system and escape from neutralizing antibodies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid bilayer-delimited particles that are involved in cell-to-cell communication; they contain biological infor...
Source: Viruses - September 22, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Enrica Serretiello Andrea Ballini Annafrancesca Smimmo Marina Acunzo Mariarosaria Raimo Stefania Cantore Marina Di Domenico Tags: Review Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1965: Detection of Alpha- and Betacoronaviruses in Small Mammals in Western Yunnan Province, China
Ge Yun-Zhi Zhang The genetic diversity of coronaviruses (CoVs) is high, and their infection in animals has not yet been fully revealed. By RT-PCR detection of the partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene of CoVs, we screened a total of 502 small mammals in the Dali and Nujiang prefectures of Western Yunnan Province, China. The number of overall CoV positives was 20, including β-CoV (n = 13) and α-CoV (n = 7), with a 3.98% prevalence in rectal tissue samples. The identity of the partial RdRp genes obtained for 13 strains of β-CoV was 83.42–99.23% at the nu...
Source: Viruses - September 20, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Fen-Hui Xu Pei-Yu Han Jia-Wei Tian Li-Dong Zong Hong-Min Yin Jun-Ying Zhao Ze Yang Wei Kong Xing-Yi Ge Yun-Zhi Zhang Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1952: Real-World Experience of the Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Combination Therapy with Remdesivir and Monoclonal Antibodies versus Remdesivir Alone for Patients with Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 and Immunosuppression: A Retrospective Single-Center Study in Aichi, Japan
Hiroshige Mikamo The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues to threaten global public health. Remdesivir and monoclonal antibodies have shown promise for COVID-19 treatment of patients who are immunocompromised, including those with cancer, transplant recipients, and those with autoimmune disorder. However, the effectiveness and safety of this combination therapy for patients who are immunosuppressed remain unclear. We compared the efficacy and safety of combination therapy and remdesivir monotherapy for patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who were immunosuppressed. Eighty-six patients treated in July 2...
Source: Viruses - September 19, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Jun Hirai Nobuaki Mori Daisuke Sakanashi Wataru Ohashi Yuichi Shibata Nobuhiro Asai Hideo Kato Mao Hagihara Hiroshige Mikamo Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1933: Unraveling the Dynamics of Omicron (BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5) Waves and Emergence of the Deltacton Variant: Genomic Epidemiology of the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic in Cyprus (Oct 2021 & ndash;Oct 2022)
This study offers a comprehensive assessment spanning genetic, phylogenetic, phylodynamic, and phylogeographic dimensions, focused on the trajectory of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Cyprus. Based on a dataset comprising 4700 viral genomic sequences obtained from affected individuals between October 2021 and October 2022, our analysis is presented. Over this timeframe, a total of 167 distinct lineages and sublineages emerged, including variants such as Delta and Omicron (1, 2, and 5). Notably, during the fifth wave of infections, Omicron subvariants 1 and 2 gained prominence, followed by the ascendancy of Omicron 5 in the subs...
Source: Viruses - September 15, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Andreas C. Chrysostomou Bram Vrancken Christos Haralambous Maria Alexandrou Ioanna Gregoriou Marios Ioannides Costakis Ioannou Olga Kalakouta Christos Karagiannis Markella Marcou Christina Masia Michail Mendris Panagiotis Papastergiou Philippos C. Patsali Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1924: Genomic Epidemiology and Lineage Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Bulgaria: Insights from a Three-Year Pandemic Analysis
In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of the genomic epidemiology and lineage dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Bulgaria over a three-year period. Through extensive genomic sequencing and data analysis, we investigated the evolution of the virus, the emergence of variants of concern (VOCs), and their impact on the country’s pandemic trajectory. We also assessed the relationship between viral diversity and COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in Bulgaria. Our findings shed light on the temporal and spatial distribution of SARS-CoV-2 lineages and provide crucial insights into the dynamics of the pandemic in th...
Source: Viruses - September 15, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Marta Giovanetti Eleonora Cella Ivan Ivanov Lyubomira Grigorova Ivan Stoikov Deyan Donchev Reneta Dimitrova Svetoslav Nanev Slavov Carla Mavian Vagner Fonseca Fabio Scarpa Alessandra Borsetti Neli Korsun Ivelina Trifonova Veselin Dobrinov Todor Kantardjie Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1921: microRNA-185 Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Infection through the Modulation of the Host & rsquo;s Lipid Microenvironment
Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1921: microRNA-185 Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Infection through the Modulation of the Host’s Lipid Microenvironment Viruses doi: 10.3390/v15091921 Authors: Nadine Ahmed Magen E. Francis Noreen Ahmed Alyson A. Kelvin John Paul Pezacki With the emergence of the novel betacoronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there has been an urgent need for the development of fast-acting antivirals, particularly in dealing with different variants of concern (VOC). SARS-CoV-2, like other RNA viruses, depends on host cell machinery to propagate and misregulate meta...
Source: Viruses - September 14, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Nadine Ahmed Magen E. Francis Noreen Ahmed Alyson A. Kelvin John Paul Pezacki Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1914: Nonlinear and Multidelayed Effects of Meteorological Drivers on Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Japan
In this study, we aimed to characterize the nonlinear and multidelayed effects of multiple meteorological drivers on human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) infection epidemics in Japan. The prefecture-specific weekly time-series of the number of newly confirmed HRSV infection cases and multiple meteorological variables were collected for 47 Japanese prefectures from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2019. We combined standard time-series generalized linear models with distributed lag nonlinear models to determine the exposure–lag–response association between the incidence relative risks (IRRs) of ...
Source: Viruses - September 12, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Keita Wagatsuma Iain S. Koolhof Reiko Saito Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1910: Colorimetric RT-LAMP Detection of Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Lineages of Concern Direct from Nasopharyngeal Swab Samples without RNA Isolation
Adrian A. Vojnov Since, during the Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, a large part of the human population has become infected, a rapid and simple diagnostic method has been necessary to detect its causative agent, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and control its spread. Thus, in the present study, we developed a colorimetric reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) kit that allows the detection of SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal swab samples without the need for RNA extraction. The kit utilizes three sets of LAMP primers targeting two reg...
Source: Viruses - September 12, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Santiago Werbajh Luciana Larocca Carolina Carrillo Fabiana Stolowicz Lorena Ogas Sergio Pallotto Solange Cassar á Liliana Mammana In és Zapiola Mar ía Belén Bouzas Adrian A. Vojnov Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1905: Special Issue & ldquo;Advances in Antiviral Agents against SARS-CoV-2 and Its Variants & rdquo;
Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1905: Special Issue “Advances in Antiviral Agents against SARS-CoV-2 and Its Variants” Viruses doi: 10.3390/v15091905 Authors: Francesca Esposito Rolando Cannalire Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with 770 million reported cases and around 7 million deaths, represents the worst pandemic in the last 100 years [...]
Source: Viruses - September 10, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Francesca Esposito Rolando Cannalire Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1904: Liver Involvement during SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Associated with a Worse Respiratory Outcome in COVID-19 Patients
In conclusion, liver abnormalities on admission predisposed COVID-19 patients to development of more severe interstitial pneumonia, because of a longer requirement for supplemental oxygen and a more intensive respiratory support, indicative of a worse disease evolution in these patients.
Source: Viruses - September 10, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Ciro Romano Domenico Cozzolino Riccardo Nevola Marianna Abitabile Caterina Carusone Francesca Cinone Giovanna Cuomo Francesco Nappo Ausilia Sellitto Giuseppina Rosaria Umano Luigi Elio Adinolfi Aldo Marrone Luca Rinaldi Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1897: Genotype and Phenotype Characterization of Rhinolophus sp. Sarbecoviruses from Vietnam: Implications for Coronavirus Emergence
r Vu Dinh Thong Sylvie van der Werf Vu Sinh Nam Marc Eloit Bats are a major reservoir of zoonotic viruses, including coronaviruses. Since the emergence of SARS-CoV in 2002/2003 in Asia, important efforts have been made to describe the diversity of Coronaviridae circulating in bats worldwide, leading to the discovery of the precursors of epidemic and pandemic sarbecoviruses in horseshoe bats. We investigated the viral communities infecting horseshoe bats living in Northern Vietnam, and report here the first identification of sarbecoviruses in Rhinolophus thomasi and Rhinolophus siamensis bats. Phylogenetic chara...
Source: Viruses - September 8, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Sarah Temmam Tran Cong Tu B éatrice Regnault Massimiliano Bonomi Delphine Chr étien L éa Vendramini Tran Nhu Duong Tran Vu Phong Nguyen Thi Yen Hoang Ngoc Anh Tran Hai Son Pham Tuan Anh Faustine Amara Thomas Bigot Sandie Munier Vu Dinh Thong Sylvie van Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1890: Multiplex One-Step RT-qPCR Assays for Simultaneous Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Enteric Viruses of Dogs and Cats
In conclusion, these newly developed one-step multiplex RT-qPCR assays allow for rapid diagnosis of enteric viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2, in dogs and cats.
Source: Viruses - September 7, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: C ôme J. Thieulent Mariano Carossino Laura Peak Wendy Wolfson Udeni B. R. Balasuriya Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1881: Development and Validation of a Panel of One-Step Four-Plex qPCR/RT-qPCR Assays for Simultaneous Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Pathogens Associated with Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex
Balasuriya Canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC) is the primary cause of respiratory disease in the canine population and is caused by a wide array of viruses and bacterial pathogens with coinfections being common. Since its recognition in late 2019, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been reported to cause respiratory disease in dogs. Therefore, the rapid detection and differentiation of SARS-CoV-2 from other common viral and bacterial agents is critical from a public health standpoint. Here, we developed and validated a panel of four one-step multiplex qPCR/RT-qPCR assays...
Source: Viruses - September 5, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: C ôme J. Thieulent Mariano Carossino Laura Peak Keith Strother Wendy Wolfson Udeni B. R. Balasuriya Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1874: HDAC-Specific Inhibitors Induce the Release of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus via the COPII-Coated Vesicles
In this study, we found that the histone deacetylase (HDAC)-specific inhibitors, trichostatin A (TSA) and sodium butyrate (NaB), facilitate the secretion of infectious PEDV particles without interfering with its assembly. We found that PEDV N protein and its replicative intermediate dsRNA colocalize with coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles. We also showed that the colocalization of PEDV and COPII is enhanced by the HDAC-specific inhibitors. In addition, ultrastructural analysis revealed that the HDAC-specific inhibitors promote COPII-coated vesicles carrying PEDV virions and the secretion of COPII-coated vesicl...
Source: Viruses - September 4, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Ying Yang Huan Chen Caisheng Zhang Hyun-Jin Shin Yingjuan Qian Yong-Sam Jung Tags: Article Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1847: Feline Infectious Peritonitis: European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases Guidelines
n Möstl Katrin Hartmann Feline coronavirus (FCoV) is a ubiquitous RNA virus of cats, which is transmitted faeco-orally. In these guidelines, the European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD) presents a comprehensive review of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). FCoV is primarily an enteric virus and most infections do not cause clinical signs, or result in only enteritis, but a small proportion of FCoV-infected cats develop FIP. The pathology in FIP comprises a perivascular phlebitis that can affect any organ. Cats under two years old are most frequently affected by FIP. Most cats present with fever, anorexia, and...
Source: Viruses - August 31, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: S éverine Tasker Diane D. Addie Herman Egberink Regina Hofmann-Lehmann Margaret J. Hosie Uwe Truyen S ándor Belák Corine Boucraut-Baralon Tadeusz Frymus Albert Lloret Fulvio Marsilio Maria Grazia Pennisi Etienne Thiry Karin M östl Katrin Hartmann Tags: Review Source Type: research