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Understanding Homeostatic Regulation: The Role of Relationships and Conditions in Feedback Loop Reasoning
CBE Life Sci Educ. 2022 Sep;21(3):ar56. doi: 10.1187/cbe.21-04-0092.ABSTRACTUnderstanding homeostasis is a goal of biology education curricula, as homeostasis is a core feature of living systems. Identifying and understanding the underlying molecular feedback mechanisms appear to be challenging for students. Understanding the properties and mechanisms of such complex homeostatic systems requires feedback loop reasoning, which is a part of systems thinking. Novices seem to struggle to 1) consider more than one initiating condition in cause-effect relationships and 2) track cause and effect across a sequence of processes. In...
Source: CBE Life Sciences Education - August 23, 2022 Category: Cytology Authors: Andrea Kiesewetter Philipp Schmiemann Source Type: research
Estimation of the availability of iron in the school meals of Municipal Centers for Early Childhood Education of a capital city in northeastern Brazil
Br J Nutr. 2023 Mar 20:1-22. doi: 10.1017/S0007114523000727. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe final stage of iron deficiency is iron deficiency anemia, with repercussions for human health, especially in children under five. Studies conducted in Brazilian public daycare centers show high prevalence of anemia. The present study aims to evaluate the availability of iron in the meals of the Municipal Centers of Early Childhood Education in Maceió. The experimental design comprises: selection of algorithms; menu evaluation; calculation of the estimates; comparison between the estimates obtained and the recommendations; and an...
Source: The British Journal of Nutrition - March 20, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Amanda de Ara újo Lima Laudilse de Morais Souza Gabriel Soares B ádue Alcides da Silva Diniz Luiz Gonzaga Ribeiro Silva-Neto Nassib Bezerra Bueno Jo ão Araújo Barros-Neto Daniel da Silva Vasconcelos Nath álya da Silva Severino Vanessa Amorim Peixoto Source Type: research
Dietary iron intake and availability are related to maternal education level in overweight/obese adolescents
ConclusionsOW/OB adolescents with less educated mothers had higher energy-adjusted intakes of iron and available iron. Dietary differences in OW/OB adolescents relative to maternal education, and other socioeconomic indicators, should be explored in a nationally representative data set.
Source: European Journal of Nutrition - July 12, 2017 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research
Preventive Kidney Stones: Continue Medical Education
Nephrolithiasis is a common health problem across the globe with a prevalence of 15%–20%. Idiopathic hypercalciuria is the most common cause of nephrolithiasis, and calcium oxalate stones are the most common type of stones in idiopathic hypercalciuric patients. Calcium phosphatestones are frequently associated with other diseases such as renal tubular acidosis type 1, urinary tract infections, and hyperparathyroidism. Compared with flat abdominal flm and renal sonography, a noncontrast helical computed tomography scan of the abdomen is the diagnostic procedure of choice for detection of small and radiolucent kidney ...
Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine - September 11, 2017 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
National Heart Foundation of Australia and Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand: Australian clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation 2018.
Authors: Brieger D, Amerena J, Attia JR, Bajorek B, Chan KH, Connell C, Freedman B, Ferguson C, Hall T, Haqqani HM, Hendriks J, Hespe CM, Hung J, Kalman JM, Sanders P, Worthington J, Yan T, Zwar NA
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasing in prevalence and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The optimal diagnostic and treatment strategies for AF are continually evolving and care for patients requires confidence in integrating these new developments into practice. These clinical practice guidelines will assist Australian practitioners in the diagnosis and management of adult ...
Source: Medical Journal of Australia - August 3, 2018 Category: General Medicine Tags: Med J Aust Source Type: research
An audit of regular medication compliance prior to presentation for elective surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: A significant number of patients were non-compliant with their regular medication on the day of surgery. This represents a preventable source of risk that could be addressed by improved patient education or improved organisational pathways.
PMID: 30116068 [PubMed - in process]
Source: New Zealand Medical Journal - August 18, 2018 Category: General Medicine Tags: N Z Med J Source Type: research
Quality of hemodialysis services in a poor population, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran: A descriptive, prospective study.
This study aimed at investigating quality-of-care indicators among hemodialysis (HD) patients. This descriptive, prospective study was conducted on 144 HD patients in Zabol and Iranshahr dialysis centers from March 21 to December 22, 2015. Measurement indicators included hemoglobin level, dialysis adequacy, albumin level, vascular access, and calcium and phosphorus levels. The mean hemoglobin and dialysis adequacy level at baseline were 10.58 ± 1.6 g/dL and 1.09 ± 0.18, respectively. At the end of the study, 49.6% of participants achieved target hemoglobin level. However, only 18.6% of patients achieved target dialysis a...
Source: Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation - November 1, 2018 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Balouchi A, Shahdadi H, Shahkzhi A, Irandgani M, Aboo S, Bolaydehyi E, Hooti M, Lundquist CM, Shahraz S Tags: Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl Source Type: research
Renal and Ureteric Stone Composition: A five year retrospective study for Northern Ireland.
Conclusion: There is a high proportion (94.4%) of stones containing calcium oxalate in Northern Ireland; these patients should be aiming to produce 2L of urine a day to aid prevention. Most common age for stone analysis (31-60) is in keeping with most common age for presentation. The steep increase in calculi analysis of 132.9% must be met with personalised stone treatment and prevention strategies.
PMID: 30675074 [PubMed - in process]
Source: The Ulster Medical Journal - January 1, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Tyson M, Grimes N, McAuley L, Hennessy D, Pahuja A, Young M Tags: Ulster Med J Source Type: research
What Affects the Nutritional Quality of Plant-Based Milk Substitutes?
Discussion
People today may be eating more plant-based products because of:
Allergen avoidance – lactose or cow’s milk allergy, 14% of people with cow’s milk allergy will also have soy allergy.
Cultural importance
Contamination avoidance e.g. growth hormone or antibiotic residues in cow’s milk production
Specific diseases, e.g. cholesterol/lipid issues
Environmental impact
Ethical or religious considerations
Improved nutrition
With population growth “[t]he demand for food is expected to grow by 70% until 2050….While the expected protein consumption is believed to grow by 80%.” P...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - September 30, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news
What Are the Different Types of Myasthenia Gravis?
Discussion
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a problem of the neuromuscular junction which causes muscle weakness. It can occur in all ages and have a range of symptoms from mild localized disease to mortality-threatening respiratory failure. MG occurs in 1.7-30 cases/million, with a prevalence of 77.7 cases/million. Pediatric patients comprise 10-15% of all patients with MG. In various Asian populations, the juvenile MG can be up to 50% of all of the MG cases. Fluctuations in muscle weakness is a hallmark of the disease.
As a reminder, “[i]n normal synaptic transmission in the neuromuscular junction, the axon is depolarize...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - February 17, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news
What Causes Tachycardia?
Discussion
Tachycardia is a rapid heart rate that is above normal for age and level of exertion. Tachycardia is common, particularly sinus tachycardia due to normally encountered circumstances such as pain, fever or exercise. It is usually a normal physiologic process but sustained tachycardia often indicates a potentially abnormal underlying cause.
Sinus tachycardia has a rapid heart rate with normal P waves and P-R intervals and variations from moment to moment and respiration. Generally it is not over 200 beats/minute. Vagal stimulation can slow the heart rate; this is a gradual slowing, not an abrupt slowing seen in ...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - March 23, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news
What Causes Bradycardia?
Discussion
Bradycardia is a heart rate below what the lowest value that is normal for age. Infants and children have higher heart rates that slowly decrease with age to adult levels. It is usually noted as an incidental finding because of increased vagal tone. Reasons for cardiology referral include associated heart murmur, syncope especially if associated with exercise or unusual triggers, other signs such as chest pain or palpitations, family history of sudden cardiac death, congenital heart disease or familial heart disease, bradycardic medication use, or unusual symptoms associated with the concern. Severe bradycardia ...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - June 22, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news
What Are the Causes of Secondary Amenorrhea?
Discussion
The first sign of puberty in females is breast budding (Tanner stage II) which normally occurs from 8-13 years. Menarche usually occurs within 2 years of breast budding occurring usually at Tanner stage III-IV breast development. Menarche occurs for most girls from 10-15 years. Most cycles range between 21-45 days.
Age > 13 years without acquisition of secondary sexual characteristics, > 15 years before menarche or 5 years after acquisition of secondary sexual characteristics or cycles longer than 45 days are indications for evaluation. After menarche is it not uncommon to have anovulatory cycles that are ...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - March 8, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news
Osteoporosis - risk factors, pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatment
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2021 May;25(9):3557-3566. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202105_25838.ABSTRACTOsteoporosis is a metabolic disease of the skeletal system which currently affects over 200 million patients worldwide. The WHO criteria define osteoporosis as low bone mineral density, with a T-score ≤ -2.5 found in the spine, the neck of the femur, or during a full hip examination. Osteoporosis considerably reduces a patient's quality of life. QoL should be carefully evaluated before fractures occur to enable the development of an appropriate treatment plan. The progression of osteoporosis may be significantly inhibited by fo...
Source: European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences - May 18, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: W Ta ński J Kosiorowska A Szyma ńska-Chabowska Source Type: research
