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NIDCR's Winter 2020 E-Newsletter
Having trouble viewing this email? View it as a Web page. NIDCR's Winter 2020 E-Newsletter In this issue: NIDCR News Funding Opportunities NIH/HHS News Funding Notices Science Advances Subscribe to NICDR News Grantee News   NIDCR News NIDCR Welcomes New Director Rena D’Souza Rena N. D’Souza, DDS, MS, PhD, was sworn in as the director of NIDCR by NIH Director Francis S. Collins, MD, PhD, on October 13. Prior to joining NIH, Dr. D’Souza was the assistant vice president for academic affairs and education for health sciences at the Unive...
Source: NIDCR Science News - December 4, 2020 Category: Dentistry Source Type: news

Use of Ultraviolet Blood Irradiation Against Viral Infections
AbstractUltraviolet blood irradiation (UBI) was used with success in the 1930s and 1940s for a variety of diseases. Despite the success, the lack of understanding of the detailed mechanisms of actions, and the achievements of antibiotics, phased off the use of UBI from the 1950s. The emergence of novel viral infections, from HIV/AIDS to Ebola, from SARS and MERS, and SARS-CoV-2, bring back the attention to this therapeutical opportunity. UBI has a complex virucidal activity, mostly acting on the immune system response. It has effects on lymphocytes (T-cells and B-cells), macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, low-density...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - October 6, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

The sixth revolution in pediatric vaccinology: immunoengineering and delivery systems.
Abstract Infection is the predominant cause of mortality in early life, and immunization is the most promising biomedical intervention to reduce this burden. However, very young infants fail to respond optimally to most vaccines currently in use, especially neonates. In 2005, Stanley Plotkin proposed that new delivery systems would spur a new revolution in pediatric vaccinology, just as attenuation, inactivation, cell culture of viruses, genetic engineering, and adjuvantation had done in preceding decades. Recent advances in the field of immunoengineering, which is evolving alongside vaccinology, have begun to inc...
Source: Pediatric Research - September 13, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Soni D, Bobbala S, Li S, Scott EA, Dowling DJ Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: research

The Great Vaccine Race: Inside the Unprecedented Scramble to Immunize the World Against COVID-19
The cleverest of enemies thrive on surprise attacks. Viruses—and coronaviruses in particular—know this well. Remaining hidden in animal hosts for decades, they mutate steadily, sometimes serendipitously morphing into more effective and efficient infectious agents. When a strain with just the right combination of genetic codes that spell trouble for people makes the leap from animal to human, the ambush begins. Such was the case with SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus behind COVID-19, and the attack was mostly silent and insidious at first. Many people infected with SARS-CoV-2 remained oblivious as they served as the v...
Source: TIME: Health - September 10, 2020 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Alice Park Tags: Uncategorized COVID-19 Magazine Source Type: news

Major Neutralization Site of Hepatitis E Virus and Use of this Neutralization Site in Methods of Vaccination
Hepatitis E is endemic in many countries throughout the developing world, in particular on the continents of Africa and Asia. The disease generally affects young adults and has a very high mortality rate, up to 20%, in pregnant women. This invention relates to the identification of a neutralization site of hepatitis E virus (HEV) and neutralizing antibodies that react with it. The neutralization site is located on a polypeptide from the ORF2 gene (capsid gene) of HEV. This neutralization site was identified using a panel of chimpanzee monoclonal antibodies that are virtually identical to human antibodies. Since this neutra...
Source: NIH OTT Licensing Opportunities - July 6, 2020 Category: Research Authors: ott-admin Source Type: research

Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for the E2 Glycoprotein of Hepatitis C Virus and Their Use in the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C virus is an enveloped, single stranded RNA virus, approximately 50 nm in diameter, that has been classified as a separate genus in the Flaviviridae family. Most persons infected with hepatitis C virus develop chronic infection. These chronically infected individuals have a relatively high risk of developing chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. There is currently no vaccine to prevent the hepatitis C virus infection. The present invention relates to human monoclonal antibodies which exhibit immunological binding affinity for the hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein and are cross-reactive...
Source: NIH OTT Licensing Opportunities - July 6, 2020 Category: Research Authors: ott-admin Source Type: research

Protein Nanoparticles for Antigen Display in Vaccines
The technology relates to a protein-based nanoparticle platform that allows presentation of immunogenic molecules such as influenza virus antigens. This protein platform is made up of hepatitis B capsid/core proteins. The core proteins contain immunogenic loop c/e1, where other antigens can be inserted and the chimeric protein retains the ability to form capsid-like particles. The technology describes the insertion of one or more copies of influenza epitopes derived from the globular head or the stem region of hemagglutinin protein into or around the c/e1 loop of the core protein. The nanoparticles formed by the use of Hep...
Source: NIH OTT Licensing Opportunities - July 6, 2020 Category: Research Authors: ott-admin Source Type: research

What Are Potential Complications of Tattooing?
Discussion “Tattooing of skin via deposition of pigment particles and ink ingredients in the dermis changes normal skin into abnormal skin. Fortunately, this often causes no harm and no disease, although with important exceptions.” Tattoos can be inadvertent from road dirt, gunpowder, pencil graphite etc., but most are desired. Tattoos are common in many cultures and over time..They have been increasing in popularity in the United States over the past few years particularly with a younger, wider and more diverse population. Newsweek reported an 18-country study in 2018 which showed 46% of Americans have a tat...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - May 18, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Licensure of a New Hexavalent Vaccine for Use in Infants Licensure of a New Hexavalent Vaccine for Use in Infants
A new hexavalent vaccine for use in children aged 6 weeks through 4 years has been approved by the FDA to prevent diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and hepatitis B.Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report
Source: Medscape Allergy Headlines - March 2, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Public Health & Prevention Journal Article Source Type: news

Follicular T helper cells shape the HCV-specific CD4+ T cell repertoire after virus elimination
CONCLUSION We identified a population of HCV-specific CD4+ T cells with a follicular T helper cell signature that is maintained after therapy-induced elimination of persistent infection and may constitute an important target population for vaccination efforts to prevent reinfection and immunotherapeutic approaches for persistent viral infections.FUNDING Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the European Union, the Berta-Ottenstein-Programme for Advanced Clinician Scientists, and the ANRS.
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - January 22, 2020 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Maike Smits, Katharina Zoldan, Naveed Ishaque, Zuguang Gu, Katharina Jechow, Dominik Wieland, Christian Conrad, Roland Eils, Catherine Fauvelle, Thomas F. Baumert, Florian Emmerich, Bertram Bengsch, Christoph Neumann-Haefelin, Maike Hofmann, Robert Thimme Source Type: research

Hexavalent vaccines in preterm infants: an update by Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology jointly with the Italian Society of Neonatology
Hexavalent vaccines, protecting against six diseases (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis [DTaP], poliovirus, hepatitis B virus [HBV], and Haemophilus influenzae type b [Hib], are routinely the standard of care in Eur...
Source: Italian Journal of Pediatrics - November 19, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Authors: E. Chiappini, C. Petrolini, C. Caffarelli, M. Calvani, F. Cardinale, M. Duse, A. Licari, S. Manti, A. Martelli, D. Minasi, M. Miraglia Del Giudice, GB. Pajno, C. Pietrasanta, L. Pugni, MA. Tosca, F. Mosca & hellip; Tags: Review Source Type: research

Therapeutic Vaccination for Chronic Hepatitis B Therapeutic Vaccination for Chronic Hepatitis B
This review examined the current evidence for the efficacy and safety of therapeutic vaccines compared to no treatment, placebo or standard care in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.Journal of Viral Hepatitis
Source: Medscape Allergy Headlines - July 16, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Gastroenterology Journal Article Source Type: news

HAV Infection Among Previously Vaccinated Persons With HIV HAV Infection Among Previously Vaccinated Persons With HIV
This report indicates that previous vaccination for hepatitis A did not reliably provide protection among some persons with HIV infection.Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report
Source: Medscape Allergy Headlines - May 1, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: HIV/AIDS Journal Article Source Type: news

Editorial: Shaping of Human Immune System and Metabolic Processes by Viruses and Microorganisms
Conclusions In conclusion, articles in this Research Topic made a very significant contribution to our understanding of the role played by environmental factors, dysbiotic conditions, and infections in triggering diseases. Since this is a rapidly expanding area of research, many other factors contributing to the onset of these diseases are not covered here. We are confident, however, that further studies will expand the list as well as bring a better understanding of mechanisms involved in the onset of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Author Contributions All authors listed have made a substantial, direct and i...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 16, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

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