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Infectious Disease: Gastroenteritis

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Total 46825 results found since Jan 2013.

Increased EHEC survival and virulence gene expression indicate an enhanced pathogenicity upon simulated pediatric gastrointestinal conditions.
ConclusionDifferences in digestive physicochemical parameters may partially explain why children are more susceptible to EHEC infection than adults. Such data are essential for a full understanding of EHEC pathogenesis and would help in designing novel therapeutic approaches.Pediatric Research (2016); doi:10.1038/pr.2016.144. PMID: 27429202 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Pediatric Research - July 17, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Roussel C, Cordonnier C, Galia W, Goff OL, Thévenot J, Chalancon S, Alric M, Thevenot-Sergentet D, Leriche F, Van de Wiele T, Livrelli V, Blanquet-Diot S Tags: Pediatr Res Source Type: research

Nervous system involvement in clinical peripheral inflammation: A description of three pediatric cases
Giovanna Vitaliti, Omidreza Tabatabaie, Nassim Matin, Giovanni Roberto Giugno, Piero Pavone, Riccardo Lubrano, Raffaele FalsaperlaJournal of Pediatric Neurosciences 2016 11(3):277-281Latest research data have emphasized the interaction between the nervous and the immune systems. In this regard, it has been demonstrated that the disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) secondary to peripheral inflammation may play a key role in this relationship. This assumption is linked to recent findings according to which units that constitute the BBB are not only simply neurologic but have also been reconsidered as �...
Source: Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences - November 4, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Giovanna Vitaliti Omidreza Tabatabaie Nassim Matin Giovanni Roberto Giugno Piero Pavone Riccardo Lubrano Raffaele Falsaperla Source Type: research

Clinical study on cluster care to prevent multi-drug resistant infection in ICU patients with severe encephalopathy.
In conclusion, cluster nursing care effectively prevents MDR infections of ICU patients with severe encephalopathy and reduces the mortality rate, thus having an excellent clinical significance. PMID: 28105127 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine - January 22, 2017 Category: Journals (General) Tags: Exp Ther Med Source Type: research

Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene in Rural Health-Care Facilities: A Cross-Sectional Study in Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, Uganda, and Zambia.
Abstract Safe and sufficient water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) prevent the spread of disease in health-care facilities (HCFs). Little research has been conducted on WaSH in HCF in sub-Saharan Africa. We carried out a cross-sectional study of WaSH in 1,318 randomly selected rural HCF (hospitals, health centers, health posts, and clinics) in regions throughout Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, Uganda, and Zambia. Methods included questionnaires with head doctors and nurses to document WaSH access, continuity, quality, quantity and reliability, and analysis of drinking water samples for Escherichia coli. We fo...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - July 31, 2017 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Guo A, Bowling JM, Bartram J, Kayser G Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research

An observational case study of hospital associated infections in a critical care unit in Astana, Kazakhstan
ConclusionWe found that HAI among our study population were predominantly caused by gram-negative pathogens, includingP. aeruginosa,K. pneumoniae, andE. coli. To our knowledge, this is the only study that describes ICU-related HAI situation from a country within the Central Asian region. Many developing countries such as Kazakhstan lack surveillance systems which could effectively decrease incidence of HAIs and healthcare costs for their treatment. The epidemiological data on HAI in Kazakhstan currently is underrepresented and poorly reported in the literature. Based on this and previous studies, we propose that the most i...
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - April 25, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Ceftazidime–Avibactam Antimicrobial Activity and Spectrum When Tested Against Gram-negative Organisms From Pediatric Patients: Results From the INFORM Surveillance Program (United States, 2011–2015)
Conclusions: Ceftazidime–avibactam was very active against a large collection of Gram-negative bacilli isolated from pediatric patients, including P. aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae with an ESBL screening–positive phenotype and resistant to carbapenems.
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - May 17, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Antimicrobial Reports Source Type: research

Clinical predictors of escalating care in hepatic and renal cyst infection in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney and liver disease.
CONCLUSION: High serum WBC, isolation of atypical pathogens and early infection after transplantation are factors that increase the risk of escalation of care in hepatic and renal cyst infection patients. PMID: 30019678 [PubMed - in process]
Source: The Netherlands Journal of Medicine - July 1, 2018 Category: General Medicine Authors: Lantinga MA, de Sévaux RGL, Gevers TJG, Oyen WJG, de Fijter JW, Soonawala D, Zietse R, Salih M, Casteleijn NF, Spithoven EM, Meijer E, Gansevoort RT, Drenth On Behalf Of The Dipak Consortium JPH Tags: Neth J Med Source Type: research

A pediatric neurologic assessment score may drive the eculizumab-based treatment of Escherichia coli -related hemolytic uremic syndrome with neurological involvement
ConclusionsA “neurological score” may be a useful tool to drive the early treatment of CNS complications in STEC-HUS with eculizumab, although future perspective controlled studies are urgently needed to validate this therapeutic approach.
Source: Pediatric Nephrology - January 28, 2019 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Changes in resistance among coliform bacteraemia associated with a primary care antimicrobial stewardship intervention: A population-based interrupted time series study
ConclusionsIn this population-based study in Scotland, compared to prior trends, there were very large reductions in community broad-spectrum antimicrobial use associated with the stewardship intervention. In contrast, changes in resistance among coliform bacteraemia were more modest. Prevention of resistance through judicious use of new antimicrobials may be more effective than trying to reverse resistance that has become established.
Source: PLoS Medicine - June 6, 2019 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Virginia Hernandez-Santiago Source Type: research

Engineering of the Dsb (disulfide bond) proteins - contribution towards understanding their mechanism of action and their applications in biotechnology and medicine.
Abstract The Dsb protein family in prokaryotes catalyzes the generation of disulfide bonds between thiol groups of cysteine residues in nascent proteins, ensuring their proper three-dimensional structure; these bonds are crucial for protein stability and function. The first Dsb protein, Escherichia coli DsbA, was described in 1991. Since then, many details of the bond-formation process have been described through microbiological, biochemical, biophysical and bioinformatics strategies. Research with the model microorganism E. coli and many other bacterial species revealed an enormous diversity of bond-formation mec...
Source: Critical Reviews in Microbiology - June 12, 2019 Category: Microbiology Authors: Banaś AM, Bocian-Ostrzycka KM, Jagusztyn-Krynicka EK Tags: Crit Rev Microbiol Source Type: research

Outcomes of Empirical Antimicrobial Therapy for Pediatric Community-onset Febrile Urinary Tract Infection in the Era of Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance
Conclusions: No significant difference in treatment outcomes was found between pediatric patients receiving AT and IAT for the treatment of UTI. In the era of increasing antimicrobial resistance, third-generation cephalosporins may still be a good choice as an empirical antimicrobial for children diagnosed with community-onset UTI.
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - January 16, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Antimicrobial Reports Source Type: research

Mode of bacterial killing affects the inflammatory response and associated organ dysfunctions in a porcine E. coli intensive care sepsis model
Sepsis is often treated with penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP-3) acting β-lactam antibiotics, such as piperacillin-tazobactam, cefotaxime, and meropenem. They cause considerable bacterial structural changes a...
Source: Critical Care - November 14, 2020 Category: Intensive Care Authors: Paul Skorup, Lisa Maudsdotter, Mikl ós Lipcsey, Anders Larsson and Jan Sjölin Tags: Research Source Type: research

Positivity of Stool Pathogen Sampling in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Flares and Its Association With Disease Course
Conclusions: C difficile and C jejuni are the most common enteric infections among pediatric patients with IBD but only clostridial infection was associated with a more severe disease course within 12 months.
Source: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - January 1, 2021 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Original Articles: Gastroenterology: Inflammatory Bowel Disease Source Type: research

Eculizumab exposure in children and young adults: indications, practice patterns, and outcomes —a Pediatric Nephrology Research Consortium study
ConclusionsThis multi-center retrospective cohort analysis indicates that a significant number of children and young adults are being exposed to C5 blockade for off-label indications. Dosing schedules were highly variable, limiting outcome conclusions. Attributable adverse events appeared to be low. Cohort mortality (6.6%) was not insignificant. Prospective studies in homogenous disease cohorts are needed to support the role of C5 blockade in kidney outcomes.
Source: Pediatric Nephrology - July 6, 2021 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Ecthyma Gangrenosum in Children With Cancer: Diagnosis at a Glance: A Retrospective Study From the Infection Working Group of Italian Pediatric Hematology Oncology Association
Conclusions: EG requires early recognition and a proper and timely treatment to obtain the recovery and to avoid larger necrotic lesions, eventually evolving in scarring sequelae.
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - February 11, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Immunology and Host Response Source Type: research