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Total 338 results found since Jan 2013.

Involvement of regulated necrosis in blinding diseases: Focus on necroptosis and ferroptosis.
Abstract Besides apoptosis, necrosis can also occur in a highly regulated and genetically controlled manner, defined as regulated necrosis, which is characterized by a loss of cell membrane integrity and release of cytoplasmic content. Depending on the involvement of its signal pathway, regulated necrosis can be further classified as necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis and parthanatos. Numerous studies have demonstrated that regulated necrosis is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases covering almost all organs including the brain, heart, liver, kidney, intestine, blood vessel, eye and skin, particularly m...
Source: Experimental Eye Research - January 6, 2020 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Peng JJ, Song WT, Yao F, Zhang X, Peng J, Luo XJ, Xia XB Tags: Exp Eye Res Source Type: research

Potential Mechanism of Venous System for Leukoaraiosis: From post-mortem to in vivo Research.
Abstract BACKGROUND: Leukoaraiosis (LA), widely accepted as a feature of cerebral small vessel disease, significantly increases the incidence of stroke, dementia, and death. Cerebral small artery disease has been considered as one of the main causes of LA. However, since the term "venous collagenosis" (VC) was proposed in an atrophy research in 1995, there have been pathological and neuroimaging studies proving the association between the venous system and LA in aging, Alz-heimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease. SUMMARY: Autopsy studies confirmed that thickening of the lumen wall in venules, which res...
Source: Neuro-Degenerative Diseases - February 10, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Nan D, Cheng Y, Feng L, Zhao M, Ma D, Feng J Tags: Neurodegener Dis Source Type: research

Relation of Retinal Oxygen Measures to Electrophysiology and Survival Indicators after Permanent, Incomplete Ischemia in Rats
AbstractStudies in experimental ischemia models by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) have reported reduced retinal electrophysiological function, coupled with inner retinal degeneration and gliosis. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that long-term (up to 14  days) BCCAO impairs oxygen delivery (DO2), which affects oxygen metabolism (MO2) and extraction fraction (OEF), electrophysiological function, morphology, and biochemical pathways. Twenty-one rats underwent BCCAO (N = 12) or sham surgery (N = 9) and were evaluated in separate groups after 3, 7, or 14 days. Electroretinog...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 23, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Association Between Caliber of Retinal Vessels and Cardiovascular Disease: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe aim of this study to is report the findings of a systemic review and meta-analysis of the literature on the association between retinal vascular caliber and cardiovascular diseases.Recent FindingsThe caliber of retinal vessels has been recognized as an important biomarker for risk stratification in various cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke, and mortality.SummaryNon-invasively quantifying retinal vasculature may be useful in screening individuals who are at risk of cardiovascular disease. Further evaluating the role of retinal vessel anatomy and inco...
Source: Current Atherosclerosis Reports - May 20, 2020 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Structural and Microvascular Changes in the Macular Are Associated With Severity of White Matter Lesions
Conclusions: Microvascular impairment and neuro-axonal damage are associated with the disease cascade in WMH. We have shown that RPC and DCP densities are significantly affected, and these impairments are associated with the severity of the disease and cognitive function. OCT-A could be a useful tool in quantifying the retinal capillary densities in WMH.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - June 29, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Blood pressure variability and microvascular dysfunction: the Maastricht Study
Conclusion: Greater systolic and diastolic BPV was associated with higher albuminuria, but not with CSVD features, flicker light-induced retinal arteriolar and venular dilation response, heat-induced skin hyperemia and plasma biomarkers of MVD. This suggests that the microvasculature of the kidneys is most vulnerable to the detrimental effects of greater BPV.
Source: Journal of Hypertension - July 30, 2020 Category: Cardiology Tags: ORIGINAL PAPERS: Organ damage - clinical aspects Source Type: research

The potential role of microvascular pathology in the neurological manifestations of coronavirus infection
We present the hypothesis that pre-existing vascular damage (due to aging, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension or other conditions) facilitates infiltration of the virus into the central nervous system (CNS), increasing neuro-inflammation and the likelihood o f neurological symptoms. We also discuss the role of a neuroinflammatory cytokine profile in both blood–brain barrier dysfunction and macrovascular disease (e.g. ischemic stroke and thromboembolism). Future studies are needed to better understand the involvement of the microvasculature in coronavi rus neuropathology, and to test the diagnostic potential o...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - September 9, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Remote Ischemic Post-Conditioning Therapy is Protective in Mouse Model of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy
AbstractTraumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is characterized by visual dysfunction after indirect or direct injury to the optic nerve following blunt head trauma. TON is associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation resulting in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. Remote ischemic post-conditioning (RIC) has been shown to enhance endogenous protective mechanisms in diverse disease models including stroke, vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), retinal injury and optic nerve injury. However, the protective mechanisms underlying the improvement of retinal function and RGC survival after RIC treatment remain unclear. H...
Source: NeuroMolecular Medicine - November 13, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Variations in the Presence of Carotid Intraplaque Hemorrhage Across Age Categories: What Age Groups Are Most Likely to Benefit From Plaque Imaging?
Although carotid artery intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) is a known risk-factor for cerebral ischemic events in patients of advanced age, its prevalence in younger cohorts is less certain. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of carotid artery IPH across the age spectrum. A retrospective review was completed of all adult patients from our institution who underwent neck MRA with high-resolution carotid plaque imaging between 2017 and 2020. The mean ages of patients with and without IPH were calculated. The prevalence of IPH was compared between patients that were categorized into age groups. Patients with and ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - December 14, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Intravenous Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Thrombolysis for Acute Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
Discussion: This meta-analysis indicated that intravenous rt-PA thrombolysis could be an effective and safe strategy for the management of CRAO. However, a more detailed large-scale clinical trial is warranted to strengthen the evidence-based therapeutic guidance.
Source: Journal of Craniofacial Surgery - January 1, 2021 Category: Surgery Tags: Clinical Studies Source Type: research

How Good is Photoscreening For Young Children ’ s Vision Problems?
This study showed that not only was smartphone photoscreening feasible, but was quite good at screening for potential vision problems. Smartphone photoscreening has the advantages of being more ubiquitously available and thus children in almost any location can be screened. A study of photoscreening using a handheld digital photoscreener in primary care offices validated the technology showing an overall referral rate of 10% to an ophthalmologist with suspected astigmatism, anisometropia and strabismus being the most common reasons. The overall positive predictive rate was 0.60. “…[O]ver 60% of children referre...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - January 4, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Retina as a window to cerebral dysfunction following studies with circRNA signature during neurodegeneration
Conclusions: This study provides molecular evidence that the retina is window of the brain from circRNA perspective. cGLIS3 is a common regulator and diagnostic marker of cerebral neurodegeneration and retinal neurodegeneration.
Source: Theranostics - January 15, 2021 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Qin Jiang, Dong-Yuan Su, Zhen-Zhen Wang, Chang Liu, Ya-Nan Sun, Hong Cheng, Xiu-Miao Li, Biao Yan Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

MarkVCID cerebral small vessel consortium: II. Neuroimaging protocols.
Authors: Lu H, Kashani AH, Arfanakis K, Caprihan A, DeCarli C, Gold BT, Li Y, Maillard P, Satizabal CL, Stables L, Wang DJJ, Corriveau RA, Singh H, Smith EE, Fischl B, van der Kouwe A, Schwab K, Helmer KG, Greenberg SM, MarkVCID Consortium Abstract The MarkVCID consortium was formed under cooperative agreements with the National Institute of Neurologic Diseases and Stroke (NINDS) and National Institute on Aging (NIA) in 2016 with the goals of developing and validating biomarkers for the cerebral small vessel diseases associated with the vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Rigorously ...
Source: The Journal of Alzheimers Association - January 24, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Alzheimers Dement Source Type: research

Incidence and Risk of Various Types of Arterial Thromboembolism in Patients With Cancer
CONCLUSION: In this observational study of an aggregated US patient population, those with newly diagnosed cancer had increased risk of ATE events. This risk was most elevated in a 330-day window around cancer diagnosis and was consistent across different types of ATE and cancer.PMID:33673912 | DOI:10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.045
Source: Clinical Colorectal Cancer - March 6, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jiasheng Wang Yeseong D Kim Chang H Kim Source Type: research