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Condition: Hypertension

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Total 587 results found since Jan 2013.

Hypoxia downregulates PPARγ via an ERK 1/2-NF-κB-Nox4- dependent mechanism in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.
Abstract The ligand-activated transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), regulates metabolism, cell proliferation, and inflammation. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with reduced PPARγ expression, and hypoxia exposure regimens that cause PH reduce PPARγ expression. The current study examines mechanisms of hypoxia-induced PPARγ downregulation in vitro and in vivo. Hypoxia reduced PPARγ mRNA and protein levels, PPARγ activity, and the expression of PPARγ-regulated genes in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMC) exposed to 1% oxygen for 72hours. Simila...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - May 15, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Lu X, Bijli KM, Ramirez A, Murphy TC, Kleinhenz J, Michael Hart C Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Mitochondrial Hyperpolarization in Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling - UCP2 Deficiency as Disease Model.
Conclusion: Our data suggest that increased MMP causes vascular remodeling in UCP2-/- mice partially via increased ROS. In chronic hypoxia and MCT induced PH additional pathomechanisms like decreased respiration may play a role. PMID: 23590303 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology - April 5, 2013 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Pak O, Sommer N, Hoeres T, Bakr A, Waisbrod S, Sydykov A, Haag D, Esfandiary A, Kojonazarov B, Veit F, Fuchs B, Weisel FC, Hecker M, Schermuly RT, Grimminger F, Ghofrani HA, Seeger W, Weissmann N Tags: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol Source Type: research

Novel Long Non-Coding RNAs Are Regulated by Angiotensin II in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.
Conclusions: These data provide novel insights into the epigenomic and transcriptomic effects of Ang II in VSMCs. They provide the first identification of Ang II-regulated lncRNAs, which suggests functional roles for these lncRNAs in mediating cellular responses to Ang II. Furthermore, we identify one Ang II-regulated lncRNA that is responsible for the production of two miRNAs implicated in VSMC proliferation. These newly identified non-coding transcripts could be exploited as novel therapeutic targets for Ang II-associated cardiovascular diseases. PMID: 23697773 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Circulation Research - May 22, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Leung A, Trac C, Jin W, Lanting L, Akbany A, Sætrom P, Schones DE, Natarajan R Tags: Circ Res Source Type: research

Silencing of Atp2b1 increases blood pressure through vasoconstriction
Conclusion:These results support that ATP2B1 is the causative gene in the blood pressure-associated 12q21 locus and demonstrate that ATP2B1 expression in the vessel influences blood pressure.
Source: Journal of Hypertension - July 8, 2013 Category: Cardiology Tags: ORIGINAL PAPERS: Pathophysiological aspects Source Type: research

Improvement of vascular insulin sensitivity by downregulation of GRK2 mediates exercise-induced alleviation of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Abstract Exercise training lowers blood pressure and is a recommended nonpharmacological strategy and useful adjunctive therapy for hypertensive patients. Studies demonstrate that physical activity attenuates progression of hypertension. However, underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Vascular insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction plays a critical role in the development of hypertension. The present study investigated whether long-term physical exercise starting during the prehypertensive period prevents the development of hypertension via improving vascular insulin sensitivity. Young (4-week-old) prehyper...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - August 2, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Xing W, Li Y, Zhang H, Mi C, Hou Z, Quon MJ, Gao F Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research

NQO1 activation regulates angiotensin-converting enzyme shedding in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Conclusion This is the first study demonstrating that ACE shedding is regulated by NQO1 activation, which is possibly correlated with relieving hypertension in SHR. These findings provide strong evidence suggesting that NQO1 might be a new target for ACE modulation and BP control.
Source: Cardiovascular Research - August 19, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kim, Y.-H., Hwang, J. H., Kim, K.-S., Noh, J.-R., Gang, G.-T., Kim, S.-W., Jang, S. P., Lee, S.-J., Her, S.-H., Jeong, K.-H., Kwak, T. H., Park, W. J., Balyasnikova, I. V., Shong, M., Lee, C.-H. Tags: Vascular biology Source Type: research

Nox2 as a potential target of mitochondrial superoxide and its role in endothelial oxidative stress.
Abstract Superoxide (O2•) production by the NADPH oxidases is implicated in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. We have previously shown that activation of NADPH oxidases increases mitochondrial O2• which is inhibited by the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoK+ATP) inhibitor, 5-hydroxydecanoic acid, and that scavenging of mitochondrial or cytoplasmic O2• inhibits hypertension. We hypothesized that mitoK+ATP-mediated mitochondrial O2• potentiates cytoplasmic O2• by stimulation of NADPH oxidases. In this work we studied Nox isoforms as a potential target of mitochon...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - August 16, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Nazarewicz RR, Dikalova AE, Bikineyeva A, Dikalov SI Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research

Prolylcarboxypeptidase promotes angiogenesis and vascular repair
Prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP) is associated with leanness, hypertension, and thrombosis. PRCP-depleted mice have injured vessels with reduced Kruppel-like factor (KLF)2, KLF4, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and thrombomodulin. Does PRCP influence vessel growth, angiogenesis, and injury repair? PRCP depletion reduced endothelial cell growth, whereas transfection of hPRCP cDNA enhanced cell proliferation. Transfection of hPRCP cDNA, or an active site mutant (hPRCPmut) rescued reduced cell growth after PRCP siRNA knockdown. PRCP-depleted cells migrated less on scratch assay and murine PRCPgt/gt aortic segments had ...
Source: Blood - August 22, 2013 Category: Hematology Authors: Adams, G. N., Stavrou, E. X., Fang, C., Merkulova, A., Alaiti, M. A., Nakajima, K., Morooka, T., Merkulov, S., LaRusch, G. A., Simon, D. I., Jain, M. K., Schmaier, A. H. Tags: Vascular Biology Source Type: research

Preeclamptic Plasma Induces Transcription Modifications Involving the AP-1 Transcriptional Regulator JDP2 in Endothelial Cells.
Abstract Preeclampsia is a pregnancy disorder characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. In preeclampsia, the placenta releases factors into the maternal circulation that cause a systemic endothelial dysfunction. Herein, we investigated the effects of plasma from women with preeclamptic and normal pregnancies on the transcriptome of an immortalized human umbilical vein endothelial cell line. The cells were exposed for 24 hours to preeclamptic or normal pregnancy plasma and their transcriptome was analyzed using Agilent microarrays. A total of 116 genes were found differentially expressed: 71 were up-regulated ...
Source: The American Journal of Pathology - October 9, 2013 Category: Pathology Authors: Calicchio R, Buffat C, Mathieu JR, Ben Salem N, Mehats C, Jacques S, Hertig A, Berkane N, Grevoul-Fresquet J, Simeoni U, Peyssonnaux C, Gavard J, Vaiman D, Miralles F Tags: Am J Pathol Source Type: research

Abstract 47: Caveolin-1 is Critical for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Induced by Angiotensin II Oral Session VI: Concurrent B Vascular Remodeling and Dysfunction
In conclusion, Cav1 and presumably vascular caveolae microdomains appear to play a critical role in the formation of AAA by Ang II via regulation of the ADAM17/EGFR signaling and subsequent ER/oxidative stress.
Source: Hypertension - October 30, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Obama, T., Takayanagi, T., Crawford, K. J., Kobayashi, T., Rizzo, V., Eguchi, S. Tags: Oral Session VI: Concurrent B Vascular Remodeling and Dysfunction Source Type: research

Abstract 419: Investigating the Role of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors in Angiotensin II-induced Hypertrophic Signalling in Cardiomyocytes Poster Session II
Cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by stimulation of hypertrophic signalling pathways representing the reactivation of the ‘foetal gene program’ (hypertrophic genes) and activation of the MAPK pathway. Angiotensin II (AngII) stimulates cardiac hypertrophy, a process which may involve the transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptors (ErbBs). Three subtypes of ErbBs are present in the postnatal heart (ErbB1, 2, 4), yet their precise roles are poorly understood. We have shown that the ErbB4-selective ligand neuregulin 1 beta-1 (NRG1-β1) potently stimulates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. We now aim to de...
Source: Hypertension - October 30, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Wang, Z., Chan, H.-W., Chen, C., Thomas, W. G., Paravicini, T. M. Tags: Poster Session II Source Type: research

Abstract 511: Endothelial Cell-specific Liver Kinase B1 Deletion Causes Hypertension in Mice in vivo Poster Session II
Conclusions- Our findings indicate that endothelial cell LKB1 plays an essential role in regulating eNOS activity, endothelial function, and blood pressure through modulating AMPK-mediated caveolin-1expression.
Source: Hypertension - October 30, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Zhang, W., Zou, M. Tags: Poster Session II Source Type: research

Classical Transient Receptor Potential Channel 1 in Hypoxia-induced Pulmonary Hypertension.
Conclusion: Our results indicate an important role of TRPC1 in pulmonary vascular remodeling underlying the development of hypoxia-induced PH. PMID: 24251695 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - November 19, 2013 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Malczyk M, Veith C, Fuchs B, Hofmann K, Storch U, Schermuly RT, Witzenrath M, Ahlbrecht K, Fecher-Trost C, Flockerzi V, Ghofrani HA, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Gudermann T, Dietrich A, Weissmann N Tags: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Source Type: research

mTORC2 Coordinates Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Metabolism, Proliferation and Survival in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.
CONCLUSIONS: These data provide a novel mechanistic link of Nox4-dependent activation of mTORC2 via energy sensor AMPK to increased proliferation and survival of PAVSMC in PAH suggesting a new potential pathway for the therapeutic interventions. PMID: 24270265 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Circulation - November 22, 2013 Category: Cardiology Authors: Goncharov DA, Kudryashova TV, Ziai H, Ihida-Stansbury K, Delisser H, Krymskaya VP, Tuder RM, Kawut SM, Goncharova EA Tags: Circulation Source Type: research

Effect of Chronic Exposure to Cigarette Smoke on Canonical Transient Receptor Potential Expression in Rat Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle.
In this study, we demonstrated that chronic cigarette smoke (CS) exposure leads to rat weight loss, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary artery remodeling. A fluorescence microscope was used to measure intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) in rat distal PASMCs. Results showed that basal [Ca(2+)]i and store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) level in PASMCs from 3 and 6 months CS exposed rats were higher than those in the unexposed control group, among which the increase in 6 months CS group was more significant than that in 3 months group. Furthermore, chronic exposure to CS also increased TRPC1 and TRPC6 expr...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - December 11, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Wang J, Chen Y, Lin C, Jia J, Tian L, Yang K, Zhao L, Lai N, Jiang Q, Sun Y, Zhong NS, Ran P, Lu W Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research