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Current Strategies and Drug Targets in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
CONCLUSION: This review discusses the strategies and future perspectives in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus particularly antidiabetic agents which are helpful for the betterment of diabetic patients. PMID: 30051787 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current Drug Targets - July 27, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Kaur P, Mittal A, Nayak SK, Vyas M, Mishra V, Khatik GL Tags: Curr Drug Targets Source Type: research

Angiotensin-(1-9) reduces cardiovascular and renal inflammation in experimental renin-independent hypertension.
Abstract Hypertension-induced cardiovascular and renal damage can be mediated by activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. There are different factors beyond renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system involved in hypertension and renal damage. Inflammation has emerged as an important mediator of hypertension and cardiovascular and kidney damage. Angiotensin-(1-9), a peptide of the renin-angiotensin system, counter-regulates both the physiological and pathological actions of angiotensin II. Recent data has shown that angiotensin-(1-9) protects the heart and blood vessels from adverse cardiovascular remodeli...
Source: Biochemical Pharmacology - September 1, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Gonzalez L, Novoa U, Moya J, Gabrielli L, Jalil JE, García L, Chiong M, Lavandero S, Ocaranza MP Tags: Biochem Pharmacol Source Type: research

Fractal properties and morphological investigation of Nano hydrochlorothiazide is used to treat hypertension.
CONCLUSIONS: In this research, the association between Hctz treatment effects with the point of view of the fractal dimension of the drug was demonstrated to prove the properties of the drug in the body. in the near future, drug fractal studies can improve the development of new drugs and treatments with minimal cost than clinical approaches by linking chemistry, mathematical sciences and pharmaceutical sciences. PMID: 30413182 [PubMed - in process]
Source: BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology - November 11, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: BMC Pharmacol Toxicol Source Type: research

A Critical Review of Nebivolol and its Fixed-Dose Combinations in the Treatment of Hypertension
Abstractβ-Adrenergic receptor blockers (β-blockers) are well-known useful and cost-effective drugs for managing hypertensive patients with coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure. However, it is often difficult to use β-blockers for patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Moreover, most β-blockers negatively influence glucose or lipid metabolism. Nebivolol is a third-generation lipophilic β-1 receptor-selective blocker with nitric oxide-mediated vasodilatory effects, metabolically neutral and usually well tolerated by patients with asthma or COPD. Nebivolol has significant effec...
Source: Drugs - November 13, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Managing Diabetes and Preventing Heart Disease: Have We Found a Safe and Effective Agent?
CONCLUSION: Liraglutide, empagliflozin, and canagliflozin have been shown to be superior to placebo in improving CV outcomes. However, there are differences among agents in terms of HF and peripheral arterial disease outcomes. Future studies should focus on evaluating other clinical CV outcomes in patients without existing CVD and perhaps single drug regimens for diabetes. PMID: 30516068 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy - December 5, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Cheng JWM, Colucci VJ, Kalus JS, Spinler SA Tags: Ann Pharmacother Source Type: research

Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis and Risk in the Inpatient and Outpatient Continuum of Care Among Hospitalized Acutely Ill Patients in the US: A Retrospective Analysis
ConclusionIn this retrospective analysis of nearly 18,000 patients hospitalized for acute illnesses, 59.1% did not receive any VTE prophylaxis and only 7.1% received VTE prophylaxis in both the inpatient and outpatient continuum of care, despite significant VTE risk extending from hospitalization into the post-discharge period.FundingPortola Pharmaceuticals.
Source: Advances in Therapy - December 12, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Increased serum nardilysin is associated with worse long-term outcome of ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
CONCLUSIONS: The increased serum NRDC level at admission is associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality for ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients. PMID: 30536341 [PubMed - in process]
Source: European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences - December 13, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research

Factors associated with development of nephrotoxicity in patients treated with vancomycin versus daptomycin for severe Gram-positive infections: A practice-based study.
CONCLUSIONS: Nephrotoxicity with VAN was significantly higher than with DAP despite poorer basal renal status in the DAP group. PMID: 30630306 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia - January 8, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Barberan J, Mensa J, Artero A, Epelde F, Rodriguez JC, Ruiz-Morales J, Calleja JL, Guerra JM, Martínez-Gil I, Giménez MJ, Granizo JJ, Aguilar L Tags: Rev Esp Quimioter Source Type: research

Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes: anything else to DECLARE?
Authors: Raschi E, Poluzzi E, Marchesini G, De Ponti F Abstract INTRODUCTION: Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have increased cardiovascular risk with regulatory agencies requiring cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) for the approval of new antidiabetic drugs. Areas covered: In this paper, the authors critically discuss the background, trial design, results and implications of a recent CVOT [NCT01730534; DECLARE-TIMI 58 study], which demonstrated that dapagliflozin was non-inferior to placebo in terms of major adverse cardiovascular events, and superior for the occurrence of hospitalization for he...
Source: Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy - March 30, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Expert Opin Pharmacother Source Type: research

YiQiFuMai Powder Injection Attenuates Coronary Artery Ligation-Induced Heart Failure Through Improving Mitochondrial Function via Regulating ROS Generation and CaMKII Signaling Pathways
This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of “Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, National Institutes of Health.” The protocol was approved by the “China Pharmaceutical University.” Surgical Preparation The mice were anesthetized with chloral hydrate (4% chloral hydrate, ip). The HF model was induced by CAL as previously reported (Gao et al., 2010). Successful ligation of the coronary artery was confirmed by the occurrence of ST-segment elevation in electrocardiogram. Sham operated mice were performed the same process except left CAL. After ligation, the h...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 9, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Nrf2 as a Potential Mediator of Cardiovascular Risk in Metabolic Diseases
Conclusion Activation of the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant system plays an important role in cell defense against oxidative stress damage, whereas the insufficiency of the Nrf2 system is associated with multiple aspects of the genesis and progression of metabolic diseases, posing a great risk to the cardiovascular system (Figure 1). The systemic increase of Nrf2 activity by several activators may be beneficial in the treatment of metabolic diseases. In addition, selective upregulation of Nrf2 genes may represent a potential therapy in obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis. Looking to the future, experimental research that el...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

The efficacy of simendan in the treatment of acute heart failure and its impact on NT-proBNP.
CONCLUSIONS: Simendan can significantly reduce plasma NT-proBNP level; thus, it is relatively safe and effective for the treatment of acute heart failure (AHF). PMID: 31115032 [PubMed - in process]
Source: European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences - May 24, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research

Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Apixaban Linking Its Plasma Concentration to Intrinsic Activated Coagulation Factor X Activity in Japanese Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
In this study, we aimed to elucidate intrinsic factors affecting efficacy of apixaban by conducting population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis using data from 81 Japanese AF patients. The intrinsic FXa activity was determined to assess the pharmacodynamic effect of apixaban. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles were described based on a one-compartment model with first-order absorption and a maximum inhibitory model, respectively. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis was conducted using a nonlinear mixed effect modeling program. The population pharmacokinetic parameters of apixaban were fix...
Source: The AAPS Journal - June 23, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Polyphenols regulate endothelial functions and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
CONCLUSION: High intake of dietary polyphenols may help prevent CVD. Polyphenols inhibit endothelial dysfunction and induce vascular endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation viz. redox regulation and nitric oxide production. The polyphenol-induced healthy endothelial cell function may be related to CVD prevention. PMID: 31333108 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - July 20, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Yamagata K Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

A review of the role of statins in heart failure treatment.
Abstract Heart failure is a common medical problem in the world, which has a high prevalence in both developed and developing countries. Today, among the medications used for the heart failure treatment, there are many medications with a positive cardiac contraction effect (positive inotropic such as digital glycosides, adrenergic receptor stimulants, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors), a large number of cardiac diluents (such as Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor group), and a few other types of drugs whose final effects are still under review Statins are valuable drugs that are broadly prescribed in hy...
Source: Current Clinical Pharmacology - August 1, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Niazi M, Galehdar N, Jamshidi M, Mohammadi R, Moayyedkazemi A Tags: Curr Clin Pharmacol Source Type: research

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