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The Biggest Medical Stories You May Have Missed In 2015
SPECIAL FROM Next Avenue By Craig Bowron As we head into the New Year, let’s take a look back and see what lessons we should have learned from medical science in 2015. The New England Journal of Medicine’s publication Journal Watch provides physicians and other health care providers with expert analysis of the most recent medical research. Below is a brief synopsis of what the Journal Watch editors felt were the most important stories in general medicine for the year 2015. While you likely heard about a couple, others probably escaped your radar. Getting Aggressive with Strokes We’re familiar with the id...
Source: Science - The Huffington Post - January 15, 2016 Category: Science Source Type: news

Self-report of chronic diseases in old-aged individuals: extent of agreement with general practitioner medical records in the German AugUR study
Conclusion Self-reports may be an effective tool to assess diabetes and cancer in observational studies in the old and very old aged. In contrast, self-reports on heart failure, musculoskeletal, kidney or lung diseases may be substantially imprecise.
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - October 10, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Steinkirchner, A. B., Zimmermann, M. E., Donhauser, F. J., Dietl, A., Brandl, C., Koller, M., Loss, J., Heid, I. M., Stark, K. J. Tags: Open access Original research Source Type: research

Defining the Border-Zone between Episodic Migraine (EM) and Chronic Migraine (CM): Medical Comorbidities in the US Population (P03.110)
CONCLUSIONS: The comorbidity profiles of HFEM have much more in common with CM than with LFEM suggesting that HFEM and CM may bear a close biological relationship.Supported by: The American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention Study is funded through a research grant to the National Headache Foundation from Ortho-McNeil Neurologics, Inc., Titusville, NJ. Additional analyses were supported by a grant from Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA, to the National Headache Foundation. Abstract development was conducted independent of financial support.Disclosure: Dr. Serrano has received research support from Allergan, ENDO Pharmaceuticals, M...
Source: Neurology - February 14, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Serrano, D., Buse, D., Reed, M., Pavlovic, J., Vollbracht, S., Sollars, C. M., Lipton, R. Tags: P03 Headache: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Physical comorbidity and its relevance on mortality in schizophrenia: a naturalistic 12-year follow-up in general hospital admissions.
Authors: Schoepf D, Uppal H, Potluri R, Heun R Abstract Schizophrenia is a major psychotic disorder with significant comorbidity and mortality. Patients with schizophrenia are said to suffer more type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetogenic complications. However, there is little consistent evidence that comorbidity with physical diseases leads to excess mortality in schizophrenic patients. Consequently, we investigated whether the burden of physical comorbidity and its relevance on hospital mortality differed between patients with and without schizophrenia in a 12-year follow-up in general hospital admissions....
Source: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - August 15, 2013 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci Source Type: research

Heart attack death rates halve from 2001-12 but cancer mortalities rise
But ONS mortality data for period show circulatory disease as overall top cause of deaths in England and WalesDeaths from heart attacks and stroke halved in England and Wales over the first 11 years of this century, while the numbers dying from cancer rose, according to newly published mortality data from the Office for National Statistics.The 21st century mortality files from the ONS contain a vast amount of data not only about the big killers of modern times but also the more surprising and less likely accidental causes of mortality.Only three people died from snake bites, all men, between 2001 and 2012. One man died of ...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - October 23, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Sarah Boseley Tags: Heart attack Nutrition theguardian.com Office for National Statistics News Health Government data Smoking Society Alzheimer's Cancer UK news Source Type: news

Association of self-rated health with multimorbidity, chronic disease and psychosocial factors in a large middle-aged and older cohort from general practice: a cross-sectional study
Conclusions: Self-rated health provides a simple, integrative patient-centred assessment for evaluation of illness in the context of multiple chronic disease diagnoses. Those registering in general practice in particular men with three or more diseases or those with cardiovascular comorbidities and with poorer self-rated health may warrant further assessment and intervention to improve their physical and subjective health.
Source: BMC Family Practice - November 25, 2014 Category: Primary Care Authors: Nahal MavaddatJose ValderasRianne van der LindeKay KhawAnn Kinmonth Source Type: research

Impact of Extreme Heat Events on Emergency Department Visits in North Carolina (2007–2011)
In this study, data on emergency department (ED) visits for heat-related illness (HRI) and other selected diseases were analyzed during three heat events across North Carolina from 2007 to 2011. These heat events were identified based on the issuance and verification of heat products from local National Weather Service forecast offices (i.e. Heat Advisory, Heat Watch, and Excessive Heat Warning). The observed number of ED visits during these events were compared to the expected number of ED visits during several control periods to determine excess morbidity resulting from extreme heat. All recorded diagnoses were analyzed ...
Source: Journal of Community Health - August 20, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: research

Prevalence of common diseases in COPD patients versus lung-healthy control subjects: Results from the German COSYCONET study
COSYCONET investigates the interrelationship of COPD and comorbidities with regard to course and prognosis of the disease. The present analysis examined the prevalence of selected common diseases in the COPD cohort compared to apparently lung-healthy subjects from the population-based reference cohorts KORA and SHIP.Spirometry was performed in all subjects and COPD patients were graded according to GOLD criteria. Subjects from KORA/SHIP without known COPD, asthma or chronic bronchitis and with FEV1/FVC≥0.7 were regarded as apparently lung-healthy. Prevalences of myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, hypertension, obe...
Source: European Respiratory Journal - November 7, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Karrasch, S., Obst, A., Söhler, S., Thorand, B., Huth, C., Ladwig, K.-H., Flexeder, C., Wacker, M., Peters, A., Heinrich, J., Ewert, R., Nowak, D., Jörres, R. A., Vogelmeier, C., Gläser, S., Schulz, H., COSYCONET Study Group Tags: 6.1 Epidemiology Source Type: research

Pivotal pathogenic and biomarker role of Chlamydia Pneumoniae in neurovascular diseases.
Abstract Chlamydia pneumoniae(C.Pn) is an obligatory intracellular bacterium that is associated with respiratory tract infections like pneumonia, pharyngitis and bronchitis. It has also been implicated in cerebrovascular (stroke) as well as cardiovascular diseases. The most possible pathway via which C.Pn elicits its pathogenesis could be via activation of human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation resulting in the stimulation of toll like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and/or phospho-44/42(p44/p42) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). It is also established that tyrosine phosphorylation of IQ domain GTPase...
Source: Current Neurovascular Research - July 17, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Richard SA Tags: Curr Neurovasc Res Source Type: research

Cardiovascular Programming During and After Diabetic Pregnancy: Role of Placental Dysfunction and IUGR
This study demonstrated that the incidence of ischemic heart disease and death were three times higher among men with low birth weight compared to men with high birth weight (5). Epidemiological investigations of adults born at the time of the Dutch famine between 1944 and 1945 revealed an association between maternal starvation and a low infant birth weight with a high incidence of hypertension and coronary heart disease in these adults (23). Furthermore, Painter et al. reported the incidence of early onset coronary heart disease among persons conceived during the Dutch famine (24). In that regard, Barker's findin...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - April 8, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Syndemic Pandemic in Portugal: Social Inequality in Risk Factors Associated With COVID-19 Mortality
CONCLUSION: In 2019, we observed socioeconomic inequalities of high magnitude for the eight diseases with demonstrated link to COVID-19 mortality.PMID:35533082 | DOI:10.20344/amp.16031
Source: Acta Medica Portuguesa - May 9, 2022 Category: General Medicine Authors: Julian Perelman Source Type: research

Health risk assessment for particulate matter: application of AirQ+  model in the northern Caribbean region of Colombia
AbstractAir pollution is considered the world ’s most important environmental and public health risk. The annual exposure for particulate matter (PM) in the northern Caribbean region of Colombia between 2011 and 2019 was determined using PM records from 25 monitoring stations located within the area. The impact of exposure to particulate matt er was assessed through the updated Global Burden of Disease health risk functions using the AirQ+ model for mortality attributable to acute lower respiratory disease (in children ≤ 4 years); mortality in adults aged >  18 years old attributable to chronic obstructi...
Source: Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health - February 15, 2023 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: research

Telephone-assisted placement of air nicotine monitors to validate self-reported smoke-free home policies
Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure increases the risk of lung cancer, stroke, coronary heart disease and respiratory problems. Among children, SHS exposure is associated with: increased risk of respiratory infections (including asthma, bronchitis and pneumonia); severity of asthma symptoms, middle ear infections; and sudden infant death syndrome. With increased policies restricting smoking in public places in the USA, homes are now the primary source of SHS exposure. However, having a smoke-free home reduces SHS exposure. As a result, interventions promoting smoke-free homes have been delivered through: clinic-based programme...
Source: Public Health - March 7, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Authors: C.J. Berg, L. Bundy, C. Escoffery, R. Haardörfer, M.C. Kegler Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Abstract The global prevalence of physiologically defined chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults aged >40 yr is approximately 9-10 per cent. Recently, the Indian Study on Epidemiology of Asthma, Respiratory Symptoms and Chronic Bronchitis in Adults had shown that the overall prevalence of chronic bronchitis in adults >35 yr is 3.49 per cent. The development of COPD is multifactorial and the risk factors of COPD include genetic and environmental factors. Pathological changes in COPD are observed in central airways, small airways and alveolar space. The proposed pathogenesis of COPD includes pr...
Source: The Indian Journal of Medical Research - February 1, 2013 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Vijayan VK Tags: Indian J Med Res Source Type: research