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TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 Mediate TRAIL-Dependent Apoptosis in Activated Primary Human B Lymphocytes
In conclusion, this study provides a systematic analysis of the expression of TRAIL-Rs in human primary B cells and of their capacity to signal and induce apoptosis. This dataset forms a basis to further study and understand the dysregulation of TRAIL-Rs and TRAIL expression observed in autoimmune diseases. Additionally, it will be important to foresee potential bystander immunomodulation when TRAIL-R agonists are used in cancer treatment. Introduction The homeostasis of humoral immunity requires a tight control of generation, survival, activation and maturation of B lymphocytes. Therefore, pro-survival and pro-apo...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 29, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Systems Biology Analysis of the Effect and Mechanism of Qi-Jing-Sheng-Bai Granule on Leucopenia in Mice
Conclusion In summary, our data reveal the therapeutic mechanism of QJSB by integrative application of transcriptomics-based network pharmacology and metabolomics technologies. QJSB exerts protective effect against leucopenia in mice through participating in multi-pathways, mainly including accelerating cell proliferation and differentiation, regulating metabolism response pathways and modulating immunologic function. Ethics Statement All animal studies were performed according to the institutional ethical guidelines of animal care and were approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of the Second Mili...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 24, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Focused Ultrasound Improves NK-92MI Cells Infiltration Into Tumors
Conclusion In conclusion, we demonstrated that the combination of FUS and microbubbles could increase the NK-92MI cells’ infiltration into tumors in this study. The combination of FUS and NK-92MI had a much better therapeutic effect when compared with the PBS group, but no superior therapeutic effect when compared with the NK-92MI group. In total, FUS and microbubbles can improve NK cells’ infiltration into tumors, but future work is still needed to improve NK-92MI cells’ delivery efficiency for solid tumor treatment. Ethics Statement This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 17, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Incidence and Outcome of Invasive Fungal Diseases in Children With Hematological Malignancies and/or Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Results of a Prospective Multicenter Study
Conclusion: This prospective multicenter study provides information on the current incidence and outcome of IFD in the real life setting. Practice variation between the centers may help to ultimately improve antifungal management in children at highest risk for IFDs. Introduction Available data on the incidence and outcome of invasive fungal diseases (IFD) in children treated for a hematological malignancy or undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are mostly based on single site, retrospective studies or on studies performed prior to the availability of newer compounds such as broad-sp...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 15, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

A Systematic Review on Predisposition to Lymphoid (B and T cell) Neoplasias in Patients With Primary Immunodeficiencies and Immune Dysregulatory Disorders (Inborn Errors of Immunity)
Conclusions Though this is not a comprehensive summary of malignancies in PIDDs, or even lymphoproliferative disease in this area, this review summarizes the Medline-indexed published reports of B and T lymphomas in patients with PIDDs. This report highlights the diversity of malignant lymphoproliferative disorders in setting of PIDDs, and its associated challenges of diagnosis and treatment. The pathological classification and nomenclature for the lymphoid malignancies with variably reported and postulated underlying mechanisms were inconsistent and inadequate for many of these published reports. A wide range of treatmen...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 15, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Case Study: Mechanism for Increased Follicular Helper T Cell Development in Activated PI3K Delta Syndrome
This study was carried out after written informed consent from all subjects. All subjects gave written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol was approved by the Stanford University and UCLA Institutional Review Boards. Author Contributions MB provided patient care and obtained IRB approval. RO prepared histology images. MB, TT, and RB designed the research. TT and LP conducted experiments and analyzed data. MB made the molecular model. MB and TT wrote the manuscript. Funding Funding for this work came from the Jeffrey Modell Foundation and from the NIH/NIGMS (R01 GM110482 to MB)....
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 11, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

B Cell Reconstitution and Influencing Factors After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Children
Nicolaas G. van der Maas, Dagmar Berghuis, Mirjam van der Burg and Arjan C. Lankester* Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics and Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands B cell reconstitution after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is variable and influenced by different patient, donor, and treatment related factors. In this review we describe B cell reconstitution after pediatric allogeneic HST, including the kinetics of reconstitution of the different B cell subsets and the development of the B cell repertoire, and d...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 11, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Beyond CAR T Cells: Other Cell-Based Immunotherapeutic Strategies Against Cancer
Conclusions: CAR T cell therapies have demonstrated the clinical benefits of harnessing our body's own defenses to combat tumor cells. Similar research is being conducted on lesser known modifications and gene-modified immune cells, which we highlight in this review. Introduction Chimeric antigen receptors and engineered T cell receptors (based on previously identified high affinity T cell receptors) function by redirecting T cells to a predefined tumor-specific (or tumor-associated) target. Most of these modifications use retroviral or lentiviral vectors to integrate the construct, and most of the receptors ...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - April 9, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Autoimmune diseases in Adult Life after Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia (ALiCCS)
Conclusions Childhood cancer survivors are at increased risk for certain types of autoimmune diseases. These findings underscore the need for prolonged follow-up of these survivors.
Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases - August 9, 2016 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Holmqvist, A. S., Olsen, J. H., Mellemkjaer, L., Garwicz, S., Hjorth, L., Moëll, C., Mansson, B., Tryggvadottir, L., Hasle, H., Winther, J. F., on behalf of the ALiCCS study group Tags: Press releases, Immunology (including allergy), Renal medicine, Vascularitis, Health economics Clinical and epidemiological research Source Type: research

In This Issue This Week in PNAS
Improved control of engineered T cells Scanning electron micrograph of human T cell. Image courtesy of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells engineered to recognize cancer cells have produced remissions of B-cell leukemia in clinical trials. However, serious side effects such as...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - January 26, 2016 Category: Science Tags: This Week in PNAS Source Type: research

Children’s Health in Latin America: The Influence of Environmental Exposures
Conclusions: To control environmental threats to children’s health in Latin America, WHO, including PAHO, will focus on the most highly prevalent and serious hazards—indoor and outdoor air pollution, water pollution, and toxic chemicals. Strategies for controlling these hazards include developing tracking data on regional trends in children’s environmental health (CEH), building a network of Collaborating Centres, promoting biomedical research in CEH, building regional capacity, supporting development of evidence-based prevention policies, studying the economic costs of chronic diseases in children, and developing pl...
Source: EHP Research - March 2, 2015 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Web Admin Tags: Review March 2015 Source Type: research

North Texas Fracking Zone Sees Growing Health Worries
This story was published by The Center for Public Integrity, a nonprofit, nonpartisan investigative news organization in Washington, D.C. DALLAS—Propped up on a hospital bed, Taylor Ishee listened as his mother shared a conviction that choked her up. His rare cancer had a cause, she believes, and it wasn’t genetics. Others in Texas have drawn the same conclusions about their confounding illnesses. Jana DeGrand, who suffered a heart attack and needed both her gallbladder and her appendix removed. Rebecca Williams, fighting off unexplained rashes, sharp headaches and repeated bouts of pneumonia. Maile Bush, who needed ...
Source: Science - The Huffington Post - December 11, 2014 Category: Science Source Type: news