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Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy and the Risks of Coronary Heart Disease, Breast Cancer, and Stroke
Semin Reprod Med 2014; 32: 419-425DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1384624The principal findings are briefly reviewed from the Women's Health Initiative trials of the most commonly used postmenopausal hormone regimens in the United States—conjugated equine estrogens and these same estrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate. A more detailed review is presented for three major clinical outcomes: coronary heart disease (CHD), the primary trial outcome for which a major benefit was hypothesized; invasive breast cancer, the primary safety outcome for which some adverse effect was expected; and stroke which surfaced as an important adverse...
Source: Seminars in Reproductive Medicine - October 16, 2014 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Prentice, Ross L. Source Type: research

Hormone Therapy in Women After Heart Transplantation
Conclusions: HT is not associated with poor outcome or adverse effects in female heart transplant patients after age 35 years. However, a larger cohort of patients is necessary to confirm these observations.
Source: Transplantation Proceedings - November 1, 2013 Category: Transplant Surgery Authors: L.C. Kobashigawa, M. Hamilton, M. Rafiei, L. Stern, C.N. Bairey Merz Tags: Thoracic Transplantation Source Type: research

Managing menopause.
Authors: Reid R, Abramson BL, Blake J, Desindes S, Dodin S, Johnston S, Rowe T, Sodhi N, Wilks P, Wolfman W, Menopause and Osteoporosis Working Group, Fortier M, Reid R, Abramson BL, Blake J, Desindes S, Dodin S, Graves L, Guthrie B, Khan A, Johnston S, Rowe T, Sodhi N, Wilks P, Wolfman W Abstract OBJECTIVE: To provide updated guidelines for health care providers on the management of menopause in asymptomatic healthy women as well as in women presenting with vasomotor or urogenital symptoms and on considerations related to cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, urogynaecology, and sexuality. OUTCOMES: Lifestyle...
Source: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada : JOGC - December 2, 2014 Category: OBGYN Tags: J Obstet Gynaecol Can Source Type: research

Can HRT in early menopause cut heart disease risk?
ConclusionThis double-blind RCT found that women taking HRT less than six years after the menopause had slower artery wall thickening than those taking a placebo. This represented the main measure of atherosclerosis progression tested; other measures showed no difference, so the results were not as conclusive as they could have been. Women taking HRT 10 or more years after menopause also showed no difference in atherosclerosis progression compared with a placebo, further complicating the picture.An important limitation of this study is the lack of a patient relevant endpoint, such as cardiovascular events or mortality. Pre...
Source: NHS News Feed - April 1, 2016 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Heart/lungs Medication Source Type: news

Does coffee make you live longer?
Conclusion This study, conducted on a large number of people across Europe, was backed up by similar findings in the US. It appears to show some association between people who drink higher amounts of coffee and a reduced risk of death. But the "potentially beneficial clinical implications" need to be considered carefully for a number of reasons: Although the analyses were adjusted for some confounding variables, there may be a number of other factors that differ between the groups that account for the differences in death, such as socioeconomic status, family history, other medical conditions, and use of medic...
Source: NHS News Feed - July 12, 2017 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Food/diet Source Type: news

Close monitoring for heart risk needed if breast, prostate cancer treatment includes hormones
(American Heart Association) Patients with breast and prostate cancers who are treated with hormonal therapies have an increased risk of heart attack and/or stroke as they age.The increased likelihood of a heart attack or stroke is greater in patients who already have two or more cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, smoking or a family history of heart disease or stroke.The longer the duration of hormonal therapy, the higher the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - April 26, 2021 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news

Lessons Learned From the Women's Health Initiative Trials of Menopausal Hormone Therapy.
Abstract We re-evaluate the Women's Health Initiative findings and their implications for clinical practice. Menopausal hormone therapy (HT) was effective for relief of vasomotor symptoms, and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) tended to be reduced in women close to menopause compared with the increased risk in women more distant from menopause. In recently menopausal women, short-term absolute risks of stroke and venous thromboembolism were small. Estrogen plus progestin therapy, but not estrogen therapy, increased the risk of breast cancer with a suggestion of greater risk when initiated close to the menop...
Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology - January 1, 2013 Category: OBGYN Authors: Rossouw JE, Manson JE, Kaunitz AM, Anderson GL Tags: Obstet Gynecol Source Type: research

Women's Health Initiative estrogen plus progestin clinical trial: a study that does not allow establishing relevant clinical risks
Conclusions: The differences in RMST for the outcomes of the WHI study are too small to establish clinical risks related to hormone therapy use.
Source: Menopause - December 1, 2015 Category: OBGYN Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

In assessing risk of hormone therapy for menopause, dose — not form — matters
FINDINGSWhen it comes to assessing the risk of estrogen therapy for menopause, how the therapy is delivered — taking a pill versus wearing a patch on one’s skin — doesn’t affect risk or benefit, researchers at UCLA and elsewhere have found. But with the commonly used conjugated equine estrogen, plus progestogen, the dosage does. Higher doses, especially over time, are associated with greater risk of problems, including heart disease and some types of cancer, especially among obese women.BACKGROUNDThe Women ’s Health Initiative established the potential of estrogen therapy to increase or decrease the risk of strok...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - July 27, 2017 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

Cardiovascular Programming During and After Diabetic Pregnancy: Role of Placental Dysfunction and IUGR
This study demonstrated that the incidence of ischemic heart disease and death were three times higher among men with low birth weight compared to men with high birth weight (5). Epidemiological investigations of adults born at the time of the Dutch famine between 1944 and 1945 revealed an association between maternal starvation and a low infant birth weight with a high incidence of hypertension and coronary heart disease in these adults (23). Furthermore, Painter et al. reported the incidence of early onset coronary heart disease among persons conceived during the Dutch famine (24). In that regard, Barker's findin...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - April 8, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Higher parity is associated with an increased risk of type‐II diabetes in Chinese women: the Singapore Chinese Health Study
ConclusionsIncreased parity may be a risk factor for type‐II diabetes in Chinese women. More research is needed on lifestyle and physiologic factors that may explain this association.
Source: BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology - June 21, 2013 Category: OBGYN Authors: NT Mueller, NJ Mueller, AO Odegaard, MD Gross, WP Koh, JM Yuan, MA Pereira Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Menopausal hormone therapy use in 17 European countries during the last decade
The first ‘Women's Health Initiative’ (WHI) randomised controlled trial assessed use of continuous combined menopausal hormone therapy (cc-MHT). It was prematurely stopped because of an increased invasive breast cancer (BC), coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and pulmonary embolism risk. Consequently, scientific societies recommended use of MHT at the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration. As a result, a sharp decline in MHT use occurred worldwide.
Source: Maturitas - August 4, 2014 Category: Primary Care Authors: Lieveke Ameye, Caroline Antoine, Marianne Paesmans, Evandro de Azambuja, Serge Rozenberg Source Type: research

Menopausal hormone therapy and ovarian cancer: putting risk into perspective
The wide use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) rapidly declined a decade ago after the results of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) showed that women treated with conjugated equine estrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate had an increased risk of breast cancer, coronary heart disease, stroke, and pulmonary embolism [1]. Increased ovarian cancer risk was not reported in the randomized WHI intervention trial nor in the extended poststopping phases of the study [2].
Source: Maturitas - February 26, 2015 Category: Primary Care Authors: Faustino R. Pérez-López, Margaret Rees Source Type: research

Menopausal hormone therapy use in 17 European countries during the last decade
Introduction: The first ‘Women's Health Initiative’ (WHI) randomised controlled trial assessed use of continuous combined menopausal hormone therapy (cc-MHT). It was prematurely stopped because of an increased invasive breast cancer (BC), coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and pulmonary embolism risk. Consequently, scientific societies recommended use of MHT at the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration. As a result, a sharp decline in MHT use occurred worldwide.
Source: Maturitas - April 21, 2015 Category: Primary Care Authors: Lieveke Ameye, Caroline Antoine, Marianne Paesmans, Evandro de Azambuja, Serge Rozenberg Tags: O44 Source Type: research

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