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Abdominal Sonographic Evaluation
Abdominal sonography is currently a routine procedure in the evaluation of colic in the horse. This imaging technique is used in both the assessment of the horse presented in the emergency setting with acute colic and the assessment of the horse presented for chronic or recurrent colic in the nonemergency setting. Sonography for colic evaluation is used by specialists in different disciplines and by general practitioners in the ambulatory and hospital settings. In this review, we will focus on indications and clinical interpretation of findings as well as recent developments in abdominal sonography. (Source: Veterinary Cli...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - May 9, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Cristobal Navas de Solis, Michelle Coleman Source Type: research

Current Topics in Medical Colic
The list of medical causes of acute or chronic colic in horses is extensive. The purpose of this article is to review 4 medical causes of equine colic with a focus on newer trends in treatment. The 4 topics selected include gastric impaction, gastric glandular disease, colon displacement, and inflammatory bowel disease. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - May 9, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Michelle Henry Barton, Gayle D. Hallowell Source Type: research

Colic Surgery
The following article provides an overview of the last 5  years of research and innovation within the field of equine colic surgery, focusing on new techniques, new or recently described lesions, prevention of lesion recurrence or postoperative complications, and updates in prognoses. Early surgical intervention is an important factor in horse survival. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - May 9, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Maia R. Aitken Source Type: research

Critical Care of the Colic Patient
A successful outcome to management of the critical colic patient is highly dependent on how the patient is monitored and treated, particularly, in the perioperative period. In this article, we will provide an update on monitoring techniques, advances in fluid therapy, nutrition management and pharmacotherapeutic agents, inclusive of pain monitoring and management, prokinetics, and management of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and the hypercoagulable state. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - May 9, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Charlie Barton, Diana M. Hassel Source Type: research

Updates on Diagnosis and Management of Colic in the Field and Criteria for Referral
Gastrointestinal colic is the most common primary care equine emergency and affects nearly one of four horses per year. Colic is a significant welfare concern for equine patients and a financial and emotional burden for owners. The primary care practitioner is instrumental in identifying critical cases quickly and making appropriate management recommendations to improve patient outcomes. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - April 28, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Lauren Bookbinder, Amanda Prisk Source Type: research

What Is the Microbiota and What Is Its Role in Colic?
The fecal microbiome of the horse is reflective of the large colon and plays an important role in the health of the horse. The microbes of the gastrointestinal tract digest fiber and produce energy for the host. Healthy horses have Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucromicrobia as the most common phyla. During gastrointestinal disease such as colic or colitis, the microbiome shows less diversity and changes in bacterial community composition. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - April 28, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Carolyn E. Arnold, Rachel Pilla Source Type: research

Repeat Celiotomy —Current Status
Repeat celiotomy can be lifesaving in horses with a surgically treatable postoperative obstruction, although guidelines for its use are lacking, except for uncontrollable postoperative pain. Overdiagnosis of ileus as the cause of postoperative obstruction could delay a second surgery so the disease progresses beyond a manageable level of severity. Although many horses respond favorably to repeat celiotomy, complications can be severe and life threatening, such as incisional infection and adhesions. Repeat celiotomy does not seem to exacerbate postoperative ileus, despite additional surgical manipulation. An important benef...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - April 28, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: David E. Freeman, Anje G. Bauck Source Type: research

Recurrent Colic
Most recurrent episodes of non-specific colic are self-limiting, and the results of clinical examinations are unremarkable. Differentiating these cases from serious diseases can be difficult, but repeated evaluations are warranted. Horses presenting with very frequent bouts of colic are more likely to have serious diseases and a higher mortality rate compared to horses presenting with less frequent bouts of transient colic. Horses with recurrent bouts of prolonged colic are more likely to have motility issues or partial intestinal obstruction. Non-gastrointestinal diseases can also cause recurrent bouts of pain ( “false ...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - April 28, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Tim Mair, Ceri Sherlock Source Type: research

Basic Postoperative Care of the Equine Colic Patient
This article will outline the basic principles of monitoring, fluid therapy, antimicrobial therapy, analgesia, nutrition, and other therapeutics routinely used in patients following colic surgery. Discussions of the economics of colic surgery and expectations for normal return to function will also be included. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - April 27, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Anje G. Bauck Source Type: research

When Things Do Not Go As Planned
Colic is an economically important disease of the horse and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the equine population. Over the last number of years substantial improvements in outcomes of horses undergoing colic surgery have been made, however, post-operative complications still occur. The purpose of this article is to review the literature and determine best practices to prevent these complications and strategies to identify them as early as possible to institute appropriate treatment when they do occur. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - April 25, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Isabelle Kilcoyne Source Type: research

Early Identification of Intestinal Strangulation
Horses with colic caused by intestinal strangulation can have an excellent outcome with early surgical correction of the obstruction. The expense associated with surgery is typically less with early lesion correction. The challenge is making an early diagnosis of intestinal strangulation. Although for some horses with a strangulating obstruction, the need for surgery is made based on severe colic signs or lack of response to analgesia, in other horses, it is less obvious. Signalment, history, and meticulous physical examination, combined with some targeted diagnostic procedures can help with early diagnosis of intestinal s...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - April 25, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Louise L. Southwood Source Type: research

Rhodococcus equi –What is New This Decade?
This article provides a summary of clinically relevant research published during this past decade. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - March 9, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Macarena G. Sanz Source Type: research

Equine Infectious Diseases
VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA: EQUINE PRACTICE (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - March 9, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Brett A. Sponseller Source Type: research

Copyright
Elsevier (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - March 9, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Contributors
RAMIRO E. TORIBIO, DVM, MS, PhD (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - March 9, 2023 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research