Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 
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This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.Nonarboviral Equine Encephalitides
Several viruses transmitted by biological vectors or through direct contact, air, or ingestion cause neurologic disease in equids. Of interest are viruses of the Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Herpesviridae, Bornaviridae, and Bunyaviridae families. Variable degree of inflammation is present with these viruses but lack of an inflammatory response does not rule out their presence. The goal of this article is to provide an overview on pathophysiologic and clinical aspects of nonarboviral equine encephalitides, specifically on lyssaviruses (rabies) and bornaviruses (Borna disease). (Source: Veterinary Clinics of Nor...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - July 7, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Ramiro E. Toribio Source Type: research
Neurologic Disorders of the Foal
Neurologic disease of foals is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for veterinarians. Disease conditions such as neonatal encephalopathy are seen as well as developmental and congenital defects, bacterial infections, and trauma. Neonatal encephalopathy can be considered a “syndrome” with a variety of causes resulting in a similar clinical presentation. These causes can be categorized as maladaptation, hypoxic/ischemic encephalopathy, and metabolic abnormalities, all leading to signs of cerebral and brainstem disease. Spinal cord signs may occasionally be seen, bu t these signs are usually overshadowed by cerebral di...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - July 7, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Martin O. Furr Source Type: research
Equine Herpesvirus-1 Myeloencephalopathy
Although equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM) is a relatively uncommon manifestation of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) infection, it can cause devastating losses during outbreaks. Antemortem diagnosis of EHM relies mainly on the molecular detection of EHV-1 in nasal secretions and blood. Management of horses affected by EHM is aimed at supportive nursing and nutritional care, at reducing central nervous system inflammation and preventing thromboembolic sequelae. Horses exhibiting sudden and severe neurologic signs consistent with a diagnosis of EHM pose a definite risk to the surrounding horse population. Consequentl...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - July 7, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Nicola Pusterla, Gisela Soboll Hussey, Lutz S. Goehring Source Type: research
Vestibular Disease
This article provides a brief review of functional anatomy, vestibular disease, clinical signs, and examples of disorders affecting the VS. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - July 7, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Monica Aleman Source Type: research
Movement Disorders and Cerebellar Abiotrophy
Movement disorders are defined as involuntary movements that are not due to a painful stimulus or associated with changes in consciousness or proprioception. Diagnosis involves ruling out any lameness and neurologic disease and characterizing the gait during walking backward and forward and trotting. Shivers causes abnormal hindlimb hypertonicity during walking backward and, when advanced, a few strides walking forward. Stringhalt causes consistent hyperflexion during walking forward and trotting and variable difficulty when walking backward. Classification and potential causes are discussed as well as other enigmatic move...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - July 7, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Stephanie J. Valberg Source Type: research
Special Diagnostic Techniques in Equine Neurology (Radiography, Ultrasonography, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Diagnostic imaging is often an important part of the diagnostic approach to neurologic disease. Advanced imaging techniques such as myelography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide more information than radiography and ultrasonography but are more limited in their availability. The clinician should be cognizant of the findings of the clinical examination when interpreting diagnostic imaging findings. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - July 6, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Katherine S. Garrett Source Type: research
Traumatic Nervous System Injury
Mechanisms of traumatic nervous system injury to a degree are similar, but differences exist in etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerve injury. The most common clinical abnormalities seen in the horse are abnormal level of consciousness, abnormal behavior, seizures, cranial nerve deficits, vestibular disease, tetra- and paraparesis or paraplegia, cauda equina syndrome, specific gait deficits, and muscle atrophy. Treatments are directed toward reducing inflammation and swelling, halting secondary injury, and promoting mechanisms of neuroregeneration and plasticity. Prognosis depe...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - July 6, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Yvette S. Nout-Lomas Source Type: research
Pathologic Conditions of the Nervous System in Horses
The variety of neurologic diseases which affect horses makes pathologic examination of the nervous system a complex and lengthy process. An understanding of the common causes of neurologic disease, antemortem neurolocalization, and supplementation of the necropsy examination with ancillary testing will help to diagnose a large number of causes of neurologic disease. A general understanding of neuropathology and collaborative relationship with your local pathologists will aid in the definitive diagnosis of neurologic diseases. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - July 6, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Rebecca E. Ruby, Jennifer G. Janes Source Type: research
Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis
Advances in the understanding of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) are reviewed. It is now apparent that EPM can be caused by either of 2 related protozoan parasites, Sarcocystis neurona and Neospora hughesi, although S neurona is the most common etiologic pathogen. Horses are commonly infected, but clinical disease occurs only infrequently; the factors influencing disease occurrence are not well understood. Epidemiologic studies have identified risk factors for the development of EPM, including the presence of opossums and prior stressful health-related events. Attempts to reproduce EPM experimentally have reliably...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - July 6, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Robert J. MacKay, Daniel K. Howe Source Type: research
Rehabilitation Strategies for the Neurologic Horse
Rehabilitation of the neurologic horse represents a unique challenge for the equine practitioner. Improving postural stability and balance control through improving the strength of the spinal stabilizer muscle multifidus remains one of the most promising rehabilitative targets. This muscle can be targeted through the use of physiotherapeutic exercises, various forms of perturbation, and even whole-body vibration. Neuroanatomic localization and diagnosis specificity enable the practitioner to determine suitability for such rehabilitative tasks, and with the advent of evolving strategies and commercially available equipment,...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - July 6, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Sherry A. Johnson Source Type: research
Chronic Renal Failure-Causes, Clinical Findings, Treatments and Prognosis
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rare in horses with an overall prevalence reported to be 0.12%. There is often a continuum from Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) to CKD, and patients with CKD may be predisposed to episodes of AKI. The most common clinical signs are non-specific with weight loss, polyuria/polydipsia and ventral edema. Less common clinical signs are poor appetite and performance, dull hair coat, oral ulcerations, gastro-intestinal ulceration, gingivitis, dental tartar and diarrhea. Rarely, horses may develop forebrain signs. Creatinine increases when at least 2/3 of kidney function have been lost and a more accurate...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - March 30, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Emil Olsen, Gaby van Galen Source Type: research
Equine Urinary Tract Disorders
VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA: EQUINE PRACTICE (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - March 30, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Thomas J. Divers Source Type: research
Copyright
Elsevier (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - March 30, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Contributors
THOMAS J. DIVERS, DVM (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - March 30, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
Contents
Thomas J. Divers (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - March 30, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
