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Contributors
THOMAS J. DIVERS, DVM (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - October 29, 2019 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Contents
Ramiro E. Toribio (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - October 29, 2019 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Clinical Pathology for the Equine Practitioner (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - October 29, 2019 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders in Donkeys
The donkey evolved under harsh and arid environmental conditions, developing unique energy-efficiency traits, with an efficiency to rapidly mobilize fat in situations of increased energy demands or when food is scarce. This evolution has led to an inherent predisposition of donkeys to obesity, dyslipidemias, insulin dysregulation/metabolic syndrome, pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, and endocrinopathic laminitis. Marked differences have been described in hormone dynamics and testing protocols for the diagnosis of these endocrine and metabolic diseases in donkeys compared with horses, underlining the necessity of a spe...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - October 2, 2019 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Francisco J. Mendoza, Ramiro E. Toribio, Alejandro Perez-Ecija Source Type: research

Gastrointestinal Disorders of Donkeys and Mules
A review of common gastrointestinal disorders of donkeys and mules is presented. Clinically relevant aspects of donkey behavior, anatomy, and physiology are highlighted. Diagnosis, management, and treatment of conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract from stomach to rectum, including liver and pancreas, are discussed. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - October 2, 2019 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Alexandra K. Thiemann, Rebekah J.E. Sullivan Source Type: research

Donkey Nutrition and Malnutrition
This article examines the importance of feeding strategies that mimic the donkey ’s natural environment using poor nutritional quality fibers and access to browsing materials. The relationship between nutrition and health is examined and practical approaches to the healthy and sick donkey are discussed. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - October 2, 2019 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Faith A. Burden, Nicola Bell Source Type: research

Anesthesia, Sedation, and Pain Management of Donkeys and Mules
The number of donkeys in the world may not be increasing but awareness of their use and concern for welfare and pain recognition and treatment are receiving increasing veterinary interest. Therefore, accurate information about anesthesia and analgesia in donkeys and mules is important to more equine practitioners. This review highlights the current knowledge on various anesthetic and analgesic approaches in donkey and mules. The authors emphasize that there is still much information that is not available about donkeys and mules; in many circumstances, the clinician must use available equine information to treat the patient...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - October 2, 2019 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Nora Matthews, Johannes P.A.M. van Loon Source Type: research

Dental Disorders of Donkeys
This article intends to revise unique anatomic features of the head and oral cavity of donkeys, as well as how to correctly examine, diagnose, prevent, and/or treat dental pathology, allowing for a better comprehension of oral and dental disorders affecting these animals throughout their life. It also emphasizes that these disorders need to be taken into account when assessing the welfare of donkeys. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - October 2, 2019 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Jo ão B. Rodrigues, Gemma Lilly Source Type: research

Respiratory Disorders of the Donkey
Donkeys suffer from the same respiratory diseases as horses; however, owing to their nonathletic nature many conditions can present in a more advanced state before becoming clinically apparent. Anatomically, their respiratory tract is similar to the horse, with certain species-specific differences that are important to be aware of. Often donkeys do not receive the same level of routine care as horses, so many are not vaccinated against respiratory pathogens such as influenza or herpesviruses. Donkeys can act as a reservoir for certain infectious and parasitic respiratory diseases and the interpretation of diagnostic tests ...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - October 2, 2019 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Karen J. Rickards, Alexandra K. Thiemann Source Type: research

Clinical Pharmacology in Donkeys and Mules
Donkeys and mules show several pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic idiosyncrasies that have to be fully considered by any clinician dealing with these species. Because they possess an increased metabolic rate and cellular water content compared with horses, higher doses (or shorter dosing intervals) are usually recommended for those drugs where pharmacologic studies have been performed. Nonetheless, owing to the lack of species-specific information, this assumption cannot be arbitrarily applied. Thus, when a drug protocol published for horses is extrapolated to a donkey or a mule, a close monitoring is required to detect a...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - October 2, 2019 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Francisco J. Mendoza, Alejandro Perez-Ecija, Ramiro E. Toribio Source Type: research

Hoof Disorders and Farriery in the Donkey
This article provides a review of hoof anatomy and care in donkeys and mules. Hoof disease is a major cause of poor welfare and mortality globally. Problems associated with hoof disease are discussed in the context of behavior, diet, treatment, and prevention. The most common conditions encountered are discussed, including laminitis, the overgrown unbalanced hoof, white line disease, flexural deformities, and other significant issues. Differences between donkey and horse hoof anatomy are described. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - October 2, 2019 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Alexandra K. Thiemann, Luke A. Poore Source Type: research

Dear Donkey and Mule: You Deserve More Appreciation and Better Medicine
I feel honored to be the guest editor of the first issue of the Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice devoted to donkeys and mules. I want to thank Dr Tom Divers as well as Don Mumford and Colleen Dietzler at Elsevier for inviting me to edit this issue, which will be a valuable resource for equine practitioners, residents, and veterinary medicine students. My special gratitude to the contributing authors for sharing their time and expertise: they are the ones who made it possible. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - September 2, 2019 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Ramiro E. Toribio Tags: Preface Source Type: research

Treatment Options for Melanoma of Gray Horses
All gray horses inherited a single gene mutation, STX17G, that unbalances melanocyte behavior to cause graying and propensities to develop vitiligo and melanoma. The coat color genes ASIPa and MC1RE add risk such that relative likelihood of melanoma based on pregraying coat color is black  > bay > chestnut. Melanomas begin at about 4 years. Locoregional control of melanoma masses depends on surgical removal and/or intralesional chemotherapy (possibly with adjunctive hyperthermia or electroporation). Systemic treatment is not evidence based but immunomodulators (cimetidine, levamisole) and vaccines can be tried. (Sourc...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - July 4, 2019 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Robert J. MacKay Source Type: research

Fetal Membrane Removal in the Mare
Retained fetal membranes are the most common postpartum condition in mares. Although the incidence of retained fetal membranes is low, the consequences for the health of the mare can be severe (metritis, endotoxemia, laminitis, death). Oxytocin administration is often the first line of therapy for management of retained fetal membranes. Removal of fetal membranes using umbilical vessel infusion and manual membrane removal are effective tools for reducing risks associated with abnormally heavy membranes, retained membranes, or for mares that are geographically limited for veterinary care. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of Nort...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - July 4, 2019 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Chelsie A. Burden, Mark Meijer, Malgorzata A. Pozor, Margo L. Macpherson Source Type: research

Controversies in Equine Medicine and Surgery
VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA: EQUINE PRACTICE (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice - July 4, 2019 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Robert J. MacKay Source Type: research